Introduction to

Arduino Workshop
JAN RAY C. RULIDA

Welcome to this
workshop!

Before we beginquotes for

Inspiration
Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner
everywhere. ~Chinese Proverb
Mans mind, once stretched by a new idea, never
regains its original dimensions. ~Oliver Wendell Holmes
It gave a tremendous level of self-confidence, that
through exploration and learning one could
understand seemingly very complex things in ones
environment. Steve Jobs

What is electronics? Basic Electricity

An electric circuit is formed when a conductive path is created

to allow free electrons to continuously move. This continuous
movement of free electrons through the conductors of a circuit is
called a current, and it is often referred to in terms of "flow

The force motivating electrons to "flow" in a circuit is

called voltage.

Free electrons tend to move through conductors with some

degree of friction, or opposition to motion. This opposition to
motion is more properly called resistance.

What is electronics? Basic Electricity

What is electronics? Basic Electricity

Current

is usually measured in Amperes or amps (A)

Voltage

is usually measured in Volts (V)

Resistance

is usually measured in Ohms ()

Computer Programming

A computer program, or just a program, is a sequence of

instructions, written to perform a specified task with
a computer. (Wikipedia)

Computer programming, or just programming, is a

process of writing instructions for a computer for it to do a
certain task.

This task could be as simple as print a character or as

complex as do the laundry/labada or command a robot
army!

Computer Programming: Structure

A

basic computer program can be formed

by combining only seven control
statements:
A

sequence

types of selection (conditional), and

types of repetition (iterative)

Computer Programming
1.

Sequencecombine the liquid ingredients, and

next add the dry ones.

2.

Conditionalif the pineapples are fresh then

peel them, but if canned, skip this step.

3.

Iterativetry and try until you succeed!

Computer Programming: 1 and 0

A

computer only understands 1s and 0s (BITS),

HIGH or LOW, On or Off, True or False

Logic/Bitwise
Operations
NOT
AND
OR
XOR (Exclusive OR)

Bitwise Symbol

Logic Symbol

~
&
|
^

!
&&
||

Computer Programming: Logic

Operations (NOT)
The

logic NOT of an input becomes TRUE if that input is

FALSE, and vice versa.
INPUT

OUTPUT of !(INPUT)

False

True

False

True

True

False

True

False

Computer Programming: Logic

Operations (AND)

Logic AND operates according to this rule: if both inputs are

true, the resulting output is true, otherwise the output is false.
INPUT 1

INPUT 2

OUTPUT of (INPUT1
&& INPUT2)

False

False

False

False

True

False

True

False

False

True

True

True

Computer Programming: Logic

Operations (OR)

The logic OR of two inputs is TRUE if either or both of the inputs

is TRUE, otherwise it is false. In other words:
INPUT 1

INPUT 2

OUTPUT of (INPUT1
|| INPUT2)

False

False

False

False

True

True

True

False

True

True

True

True

Computer Programming: Basic

Arithmetic
Arithmetic Operation
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Modulo (Remainder)

Symbol
+
*
/
%

What is Arduino?

What is Arduino?
A Physical Piece of Hardware

A Programming Environment

What is Arduino?: A physical piece

of hardware
Arduino

senses the environment by

receiving inputs from many sensors, and
affects its surroundings by controlling lights,
motors, and other actuators. (From the Arduino website)

What is Arduino?

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform

based on easy-to-use hardware and software.
It's intended for anyone making interactive
projects. (From the Arduino website).

It can actually mean three things: A physical

hardware, a software programming
environment, and a community or philosophy

What is Arduino?: A software

programming environment
You

can tell your Arduino what to do by

writing code in the Arduino programming
language and using the Arduino
development environment. (From the Arduino website)

program written for Arduino is called a

sketch.

Digital Input/Output Pins

Pins with ~ are PWM
Transmitter/Receiver
[Analog Output]
GND
Serial Connection

USB

Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage (recommended)7-12V
Input Voltage (limits)6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14
(of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA

7-12 v

3 v GND
5v

Analog Input Pins

Lets Begin!

Installation Drivers: Windows 8, 7,

Vista, XP

Download from http://www.arduino.cc the latest version of

the Arduino software for your Arduino board. The latest
version at the moment is Arduino 1.0.6. Choose the
Windows Installer.

Run the installer and just follow the prompts and choose the
defaults presented by the installer

After installation, connect your Arduino to the computer

and then start the Arduino application

Getting Started: Blink an LED!

Connect

your board via USB then Launch the

Arduino application.

From

the Tools->Board menu, select Arduino Uno

From

the Tools->Serial Port menu, select the new

serial port where your Arduino Uno is connected

Open

the sketch (program)

File->Examples->01.Basics->Blink. Click the toolbar

button to upload it to your board.

Getting Started: Blink an LED!

Congratulations! Youve
programmed your first
microcontroller!

Arduino Terminology:

Arduino Sketch!

comments
v

functions

Arduino Sketch!

variable

Arduino Analog I/O functions:

analogRead(pin)
Reads an analog value from 0

to 1023 on pins A0 to
A5. This means an input voltage between 0 to 5 volts on
pins A0 to A5 will mapped to integer values between 0 to
1023.

analogWrite(pin,

value)

Writes an analog value (PWM wave) on PWM pin.

Arduino Digital I/O functions:

pinMode(pin, mode)
Sets pin to either INPUT or OUTPUT

digitalRead(pin)
Reads HIGH or LOW from a pin

digitalWrite(pin, value)
Writes HIGH or LOW to a pin

Electronic stuff
Output pins can provide 40 mA of current
Writing HIGH to an input pin installs a 20K pullup

Running without a computer: 9V battery

Running without a computer

The Arduino converts the 9V from the battery down to 5V

using a regulator on the board.

You can connect anything from 712 volts DC to the barrel

plug socket (2.1 mm / 5.5 mm diameter, center positive)

You can also stick cables directly into the Vin and GND
(Ground) pins to power the board from 712 volts great if
you dont have a barrel plug on your power source.

Dont attach a 5V power source directly to the +5V pin

though its a voltage output pin only, and you may fry your
onboard regulator. Use the USB connector instead.

LED Adventures!

A light-emitting
diode (LED) is a
semiconductor device
that emits visible light
when an electric current
passes through it.

Safety Check!!!
Always

disconnect or turn off your

power source before you change your
circuit to avoid shorts. They may shut
down your USB port, or worse.

LED Adventures!
Connect an LED as shown
on the left.

LED Adventures

Connecting an LED directly to 5V and GND will

usually fry it because of too much current
flowing through it.

It survived only because the Arduino cant

provide more than 40 mA (milliamps) of current
on each pin

So what do we do to prevent the LED from

frying??? o___0

Add a RESISTOR!

A RESISTOR is a device having a designed resistance to the

passage of an electric current.

Resistor Color Codes!

How do we calculate the required R?

Using Ohms Law

Voltage in volts is
represented as V
Current in amps is
represented as I
Resistance in ohms
is represented as R

Add a RESISTOR!

Breadboard!!!

Breadboard!!!

Breadboard!!! LED + Resistor

Digital Input/Output:

Image from Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces at UC Berkley

Digital Input/Output: Buttons

Disconnect USB. Add a pushbutton, 10 k resistor (BrownBlack

OrangeGold) and wires as shown.

Digital Input/Output: Buttons

Change

the Blink code so it only blinks the LED while

pin 2 is LOW: Define a global integer (int) variable
pushbutton. Set it to 2 in your setup(). In your loop()
code, use if (digitalRead(button)==LOW) {...}. Dont
forget the curly braces and the double equal sign.

Digital Input/Output: Buttons

Change

the Blink code so it only blinks the LED while

pin 2 is LOW: Define a global integer (int) variable
pushbutton. Set it to 2 in your setup(). In your loop()
code, use if (digitalRead(button)==LOW) {...}. Dont
forget the curly braces and the double equal sign.

Reading Analog Values

Disconnect

USB. Remove the pushbutton and connect

a potentiometer and wires to analog input A0 as
shown in the next slide

Reading Analog Values: Potentiometer

Reading Analog Values: Light Dependent

Resistor (LDR) or Photocell

Reading Analog Values

Load

File->Examples->03. Analog->AnalogInput. It
uses analogRead(...) to read the voltage on A0, and
turns the LED on and off with a delay determined by
that voltage the further right you turn the knob, the
slower the LED will blink.

analogRead()

returns values from 0 (0V) to 1023 (5V).

Debugging with Serial

To see the actual numbers, open

File->Examples->01.Basics->AnalogReadSerial.

Upload

it, then click on the magnifier toolbar button in

the top right to open the Serial Monitor window

Debugging with Serial

The

code uses Serial.begin(9600) to open a serial

connection back to your computer in setup(), and
Serial.println(...) to output (print) numbers to that
serial connection, which end up in the Serial Monitor
window on your screen. Its also possible to send data
back to the Arduino that way, using Serial.read(...).

PWM: Making LEDs Faaaade

Disconnect

USB. Move the yellow wire from pin

13 to pin 11. Pin 11 has a tilde (~) on the board,
which means it can output analog values as
shown in the figure on the next slide

PWM: Making LEDs Faaaade

PWM: Making LEDs Faaaade

Change

your loop() to control the LED with

analogWrite(...). Analog values for output go
from 0 to 255, not 1023, so divide the value from
analogRead(...) by 4 before writing it to the LED
pin.

Controlling and Moving with Servos!

Disconnect

USB, and add a servo to your setup:

Connect its black or dark brown lead to GND, its
red lead to 5V, and its orange, yellow or white
lead (the signal lead) to pin 9, by sticking
jumper wires into the servo connector like the
figure in the next slide.

Controlling and Moving with Servos!

Controlling and Moving with Servos!

Load

the sample sketch

File->Examples->Servo->Knob (its further
down in the list).
Run the code, and you can control the
angular turning position of the servo by
turning the potentiometer!!!

Arduino Shields!!!
Shields

are PCBs that stack on top of the

Arduino and connect to all Arduino pins to
add all kinds of hardware features. There
are shields to play MP3 files, for WiFi,
Bluetooth, Ethernet, Zigbee, MIDI, GPS, to
log data, drive big motors, etc.

Character LCD

Character LCD
Disconnect

USB. Open up
the FileExamplesLiquidCrystalHelloWorld
example sketch
Upload the sketch to your Arduino Board.

Thank You!

Make your own projects!