Control Structures 2.
0
Decision making in C
C if Statement:
if (test expression) {
statement/s to be executed if test expression is true;
}
The if statement checks whether the text expression inside parenthesis
( ) is true or not. If the test expression is true, statement/s inside the
body of if statement is executed but if test is false, statement/s inside
body of if is ignored.
Example : C if statement
Write a C program to print the number entered by user only if the
number entered is negative.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
int num;
printf("Enter a number to check.\n");
scanf("%d",&num);
if(num<0) {
/* checking whether number is less than 0 or not. */
printf("Number = %d\n",num);
}
/*If test condition is true, statement above will be executed, otherwise
it will not be executed */
printf("The if statement in C programming is easy.");
return 0;
}
Output :
Enter a number to check.
-2
Number = -2
The if statement in C programming is easy.
When user enters -2 then, the test expression (num<0) becomes true.
Hence, Number = -2 is displayed in the screen.
C if...else statement:
The if...else statement is used if the programmer wants to execute
some statement/s when the test expression is true and execute some
other statement/s if the test expression is false.
Syntax of if...else:
if (test expression) {
statements to be executed if test expression is true;
}
else {
statements to be executed if test expression is false;
}
Write a C program to check whether a number entered by user is even
or odd:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
int num;
printf("Enter a number you want to check.\n");
scanf("%d",&num);
if((num%2)==0)
//checking whether remainder is 0 or not.
printf("%d is even.",num);
else
printf("%d is odd.",num);
return 0;
}
Output 1:
Enter a number you want to check.
25
25 is odd.
Output 2:
Enter a number you want to check.
2
2 is even.
Flowchart for if..else is given below:
Nested if...else statement (if...elseif....else Statement):
The nested if...else statement is used when program requires more
than one test expression.
Syntax of nested if...else statement:
if (test expression1){
statement/s to be executed if test expression1 is true;
}
else if(test expression2) {
statement/s to be executed if test expression1 is false and 2 is
true;
}
else if (test expression 3) {
statement/s to be executed if text expression1 and 2 are false and
3 is true;
}
.
.
.
else {
statements to be executed if all test expressions are false;
}
How nested if...else works?
The nested if...else statement has more than one test expression. If the
first test expression is true, it executes the code inside the braces{ } just
below it. But if the first test expression is false, it checks the second test
expression. If the second test expression is true, it executes the
statement/s inside the braces{ } just below it. This process continues. If
all the test expression are false, code/s inside else is executed and the
control of program jumps below the nested if...else
The ANSI standard specifies that 15 levels of nesting may be continued.
Example : C nested if else statement:
Write a C program to relate two integers entered by user using = or > or
< sign.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
int numb1, numb2;
printf("Enter two integers to check\n");
scanf("%d %d",&numb1,&numb2);
if(numb1==numb2) //checking whether two integers are equal.
printf("Result: %d = %d",numb1,numb2);
else
if(numb1>numb2) //checking whether numb1 is greater than
numb2.
printf("Result: %d > %d",numb1,numb2);
else
printf("Result: %d > %d",numb2,numb1);
return 0;
}
Output 1:
Enter two integers to check.
5
3
Result: 5 > 3
Output 2:
Enter two integers to check.
-4
-4
Result: -4 = -4
