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The Forty-Seventh Annual William Lowell Putnam Competition Saturday, December 6, 1986

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Chi Trung Nguyen

This summarizes the problems presented in the document, which appears to outline math and logic problems for an exam or competition. There are 6 multi-part problems (labeled A1-A6 and B1-B6) testing a range of mathematical concepts including algebra, calculus, complex numbers, matrices, polynomials, and inequalities. The problems involve finding maximums and minimums, evaluating limits, proving identities, determining equivalence classes, and solving systems of equations.

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The Forty-Seventh Annual William Lowell Putnam Competition Saturday, December 6, 1986

Uploaded by

Chi Trung Nguyen
27 views1 page
This summarizes the problems presented in the document, which appears to outline math and logic problems for an exam or competition. There are 6 multi-part problems (labeled A1-A6 and B1-B6) testing a range of mathematical concepts including algebra, calculus, complex numbers, matrices, polynomials, and inequalities. The problems involve finding maximums and minimums, evaluating limits, proving identities, determining equivalence classes, and solving systems of equations.

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PUTNAM

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1986

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This summarizes the problems presented in the document, which appears to outline math and logic problems for an exam or competition. There are 6 multi-part problems (labeled A1-A6 and B1-B6) testing a range of mathematical concepts including algebra, calculus, complex numbers, matrices, polynomials, and inequalities. The problems involve finding maximums and minimums, evaluating limits, proving identities, determining equivalence classes, and solving systems of equations.

Copyright:

© All Rights Reserved
Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
27 views1 page

The Forty-Seventh Annual William Lowell Putnam Competition Saturday, December 6, 1986

Uploaded by

Chi Trung Nguyen
This summarizes the problems presented in the document, which appears to outline math and logic problems for an exam or competition. There are 6 multi-part problems (labeled A1-A6 and B1-B6) testing a range of mathematical concepts including algebra, calculus, complex numbers, matrices, polynomials, and inequalities. The problems involve finding maximums and minimums, evaluating limits, proving identities, determining equivalence classes, and solving systems of equations.

Copyright:

© All Rights Reserved
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The Forty-Seventh Annual William Lowell Putnam Competition

Saturday, December 6, 1986

A1 Find, with explanation, the maximum value of f (x) =


x3 3x on the set of all real numbers x satisfying x4 +
36 13x2 .
A2 What is the units (i.e., rightmost) digit of


1020000
?
10100 + 3
P
A3 Evaluate n=0 Arccot(n2 +n+1), where Arccot t for
t 0 denotes the number in the interval 0 < /2
with cot = t.
A4 A transversal of an n n matrix A consists of n entries
of A, no two in the same row or column. Let f (n) be
the number of nn matrices A satisfying the following
two conditions:

Find a simple expression (not involving any sums) for


f (1) in terms of b1 , b2 , . . . , bn and n (but independent
of a1 , a2 , . . . , an ).
B1 Inscribe a rectangle of base b and height h in a circle
of radius one, and inscribe an isosceles triangle in the
region of the circle cut off by one base of the rectangle
(with that side as the base of the triangle). For what
value of h do the rectangle and triangle have the same
area?
B2 Prove that there are only a finite number of possibilities
for the ordered triple T = (x y, y z, z x), where
x, y, z are complex numbers satisfying the simultaneous equations
x(x 1) + 2yz = y(y 1) + 2zx = z(z 1) + 2xy,

(a) Each entry i,j of A is in the set {1, 0, 1}.


(b) The sum of the n entries of a transversal is the
same for all transversals of A.
An example of such a matrix A is

1 0 1
A = 0 1 0 .
0 1 0
Determine with proof a formula for f (n) of the form

and list all such triples T .


B3 Let consist of all polynomials in x with integer coefficienst. For f and g in and m a positive integer, let
f g (mod m) mean that every coefficient of f g
is an integral multiple of m. Let n and p be positive
integers with p prime. Given that f, g, h, r and s are in
with rf + sg 1 (mod p) and f g h (mod p),
prove that there exist F and G in with F f
(mod p), G g (mod p), and F G h (mod pn ).

f (n) = a1 bn1 + a2 bn2 + a3 bn3 + a4 ,


where the ai s and bi s are rational numbers.
A5 Suppose f1 (x), f2 (x), . . . , fn (x) are functions of n real
variables x = (x1 , . . . , xn ) with continuous secondorder partial derivatives everywhere on Rn . Suppose
further that there are constants cij such that
fj
fi

= cij
xj
xi
for all i and j, 1 i n, 1 j n. Prove that there
is a function g(x) on Rn such that fi + g/xi is linear
for all i, 1 i n. (A linear function is one of the
form
a0 + a1 x1 + a2 x2 + + an xn .)
A6 Let a1 , a2 , . . . , an be real numbers, and let
b1 , b2 , . . . , bn be distinct positive integers.
Suppose that there is a polynomial f (x) satisfying the
identity
(1 x)n f (x) = 1 +

n
X
i=1

ai xbi .

B4 For a positive real


number r, let G(r) be the minimum
value of |r m2 + 2n2 | for all integers m and n.
Prove or disprove the assertion that limr G(r) exists and equals 0.
B5 Let f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 + xyz.
Let
p(x, y, z), q(x, y, z), r(x, y, z) be polynomials with
real coefficients satisfying
f (p(x, y, z), q(x, y, z), r(x, y, z)) = f (x, y, z).
Prove or disprove the assertion that the sequence p, q, r
consists of some permutation of x, y, z, where the
number of minus signs is 0 or 2.
B6 Suppose A, B, C, D are n n matrices with entries in
a field F , satisfying the conditions that AB T andCDT
are symmetric and ADT BC T = I. Here I is the
n n identity matrix, and if M is an n n matrix, M T
is its transpose. Prove that AT D + C T B = I.

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