// A C++ program to find articulation points in a given undirected graph

#include<iostream>
#include <list>
#define NIL -1
using namespace std;
// A class that represents an undirected graph
class Graph
{
int V;
// No. of vertices
list<int> *adj;
// A dynamic array of adjacency lists
void APUtil(int v, bool visited[], int disc[], int low[],
int parent[], bool ap[]);
void DFSUtil(int v, bool visited[]);
public:
bool *ap; // To store articulation points
Graph(int V); // Constructor
void addEdge(int v, int w); // function to add an edge to graph
void AP();
// prints articulation points
void DFS();
};
Graph::Graph(int V)
{
this->V = V;
adj = new list<int>[V];
}
void Graph::addEdge(int v, int w)
{
adj[v].push_back(w);
adj[w].push_back(v); // Note: the graph is undirected
}
// A recursive function that find articulation points using DFS traversal
// u --> The vertex to be visited next
// visited[] --> keeps tract of visited vertices
// disc[] --> Stores discovery times of visited vertices
// parent[] --> Stores parent vertices in DFS tree
// ap[] --> Store articulation points
void Graph::APUtil(int u, bool visited[], int disc[],
int low[], int parent[], bool ap[])
{
// A static variable is used for simplicity, we can avoid use of static
// variable by passing a pointer.
static int time = 0;
// Count of children in DFS Tree
int children = 0;
// Mark the current node as visited
visited[u] = true;
// Initialize discovery time and low value
disc[u] = low[u] = ++time;
// Go through all vertices aadjacent to this
list<int>::iterator i;
for (i = adj[u].begin(); i != adj[u].end(); ++i)

{
int v = *i; // v is current adjacent of u
// If v is not visited yet, then make it a child of u
// in DFS tree and recur for it
if (!visited[v])
{
children++;
parent[v] = u;
APUtil(v, visited, disc, low, parent, ap);
// Check if the subtree rooted with v has a connection to
// one of the ancestors of u
low[u] = min(low[u], low[v]);
// u is an articulation point in following cases
// (1) u is root of DFS tree and has two or more chilren.
if (parent[u] == NIL && children > 1)
ap[u] = true;
// (2) If u is not root and low value of one of its child is more
// than discovery value of u.
if (parent[u] != NIL && low[v] >= disc[u])
ap[u] = true;
}
// Update low value of u for parent function calls.
else if (v != parent[u])
low[u] = min(low[u], disc[v]);
}
}
// The function to do DFS traversal. It uses recursive function APUtil()
void Graph::AP()
{
// Mark all the vertices as not visited
bool *visited = new bool[V];
int *disc = new int[V];
int *low = new int[V];
int *parent = new int[V];
*ap = new bool[V];
// Initialize parent and visited, and ap(articulation point) arrays
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
{
parent[i] = NIL;
visited[i] = false;
ap[i] = false;
}
// Call the recursive helper function to find articulation points
// in DFS tree rooted with vertex 'i'
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
if (visited[i] == false)
APUtil(i, visited, disc, low, parent, ap);

class Graph1
{
int V;
// No. of vertices
list<int> *adj;
// Pointer to an array containing adjacency lists
void DFSUtil(int v, bool visited[]); // A function used by DFS
public:
Graph1(int V); // Constructor
void addEdge(int v, int w); // function to add an edge to graph
void DFS(int not1);
// prints DFS traversal of the complete graph
};
Graph1::Graph1(int V)
{
this->V = V;
adj = new list<int>[V];
}
void Graph1::addEdge(int v, int w)
{
adj[v].push_back(w); // Add w to v s list.
}
void Graph1::DFSUtil(int v, bool visited[])
{
// Mark the current node as visited and print it
visited[v] = true;
cout << v << " ";
// Recur for all the vertices adjacent to this vertex
list<int>::iterator i;
for(i = adj[v].begin(); i != adj[v].end(); ++i)
if(!visited[*i])
DFSUtil(*i, visited);
}
// The function to do DFS traversal. It uses recursive DFSUtil()
void Graph1::DFS(int not1)
{
// Mark all the vertices as not visited
bool *visited = new bool[V];
for(int i = 0; i < V; i++)
visited[i] = false;
// Call the recursive helper function to print DFS traversal
// starting from all vertices one by one
for(int i = 0; i < V; i++)
{
if(i == not1)
continue;
if(visited[i] == false)
{
cout<<endl<<not1<<" ";
DFSUtil(i, visited);
}
}
}
// Driver program to test above function
int main()

{
// Create graphs given in above diagrams
cout << "\nArticulation points in first graph \n";
int n,i,j,k,temp,temp1;
cout<<"enter no of nodes..";
cin>>n;
int A[20][20];
Graph g1(5);
bool ap[100];
cout<<"enter the graph..\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
cin>>temp;
A[i][j] = temp;
if(temp == 1)
g1.addEdge(i, j);
}
g1.AP();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
ap[i] = g1.ap[i];
cout<<"The articulation points are..";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
if (ap[i] == true)
cout << i << " ";

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)