This document defines key terms related to genetics, biology, and chemistry. It provides definitions for terms like mutation, obesity, osmosis, pedigree, phenotype, polypeptide, polysaccharide, implantation, prenatal, protein, qualitative data, quantitative data, recessive gene, ribose, nucleic acid, ribosome, saturated, solvent, surface area, synthesis, transcription, translation, unsaturated, and vein. The definitions describe genetic concepts like mutations and traits, biological processes like protein synthesis, and chemical ideas like saturation and solvents.
This document defines key terms related to genetics, biology, and chemistry. It provides definitions for terms like mutation, obesity, osmosis, pedigree, phenotype, polypeptide, polysaccharide, implantation, prenatal, protein, qualitative data, quantitative data, recessive gene, ribose, nucleic acid, ribosome, saturated, solvent, surface area, synthesis, transcription, translation, unsaturated, and vein. The definitions describe genetic concepts like mutations and traits, biological processes like protein synthesis, and chemical ideas like saturation and solvents.
This document defines key terms related to genetics, biology, and chemistry. It provides definitions for terms like mutation, obesity, osmosis, pedigree, phenotype, polypeptide, polysaccharide, implantation, prenatal, protein, qualitative data, quantitative data, recessive gene, ribose, nucleic acid, ribosome, saturated, solvent, surface area, synthesis, transcription, translation, unsaturated, and vein. The definitions describe genetic concepts like mutations and traits, biological processes like protein synthesis, and chemical ideas like saturation and solvents.
Mutation- a change of the DNA sequence (in the nucleotide
sequence of the DNA) or change in the physical arrangement of a chromosome. Example= sickle cell anaemia is a common mutation in humans which causes red blood cells to be shaped in a sickle cell shape causing the abnormal cells unable to move around as easily as normal red blood cells and can block blood vessels that can lead to tissue damage. Obesity- a condition where you have increased body weight caused by excessive build up of fat osmosis- the net passage of water diffusing from a region of high concentrated water potential to a region of lower concentrated water potential through a partially permeable membrane until both solutions (or regions) are equal and of the same concentration. pedigree- A chart of an individual's ancestors used in human genetics toanalyz e Mendelian inheritance of certain traits, especially of familial diseases. permeable- capable of letting substances pass through phenotype- the characteristics of an organism both physical and biochemical resulting from its genotype and the effects of the environment. Example= hair colour- there are genes are that control your hair colour which make up the genotype, however the actual part of the hair colour we see is the phenotype. polypeptide- a chain of amino acids chemically linked together by peptide bonds. Example= any protein is an example of a polypeptide as it is a chain of amino acids that make up proteins; e.g. eledoisin, amalin, glucagon. polysaccharide- a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together. Example= starch, cellulose or glycogen. implantation- the process where a fertilized egg becomes implanted in the lining of the uterus prenatal- before birth protein- any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds which have large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies. Example= keratin qualitative data- information that describes something and is written down as words. Example= eye colour quantitative data- information that can be measured and written down as numbers. Example= height recessive gene- a gene that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its allele is identical. Example= cystic fibrosis (cc) ribose- a sugar of the pentose class which occurs widely in nature as a constituent of nucleosides and several vitamins and enzymes. nucleic acid- a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain ribosome- a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins saturated- containing the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms, without carboncarbon double or triple bonds Example= octane (C8H18) solvent- the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution. Example= water or ethanol surface area- the area of an outer part or uppermost layer of something. synthesis- the production of chemical compounds by reaction from simpler materials transcription- the process of transcribing RNA, with existing DNA serving as a template, or vice versa. translation-the process by which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA molecule gives rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during synthesis of a polypeptide or protein. unsaturated-having carboncarbon double or triple bonds and therefore not containing the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms. vein- any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying mainly oxygen-depleted blood towards the heart.