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  • Biology Key Terms

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    Ishra Chaudhry
    69 views3 pages
    This document defines key terms related to genetics, biology, and chemistry. It provides definitions for terms like mutation, obesity, osmosis, pedigree, phenotype, polypeptide, polysaccharide, implantation, prenatal, protein, qualitative data, quantitative data, recessive gene, ribose, nucleic acid, ribosome, saturated, solvent, surface area, synthesis, transcription, translation, unsaturated, and vein. The definitions describe genetic concepts like mutations and traits, biological processes like protein synthesis, and chemical ideas like saturation and solvents.

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    a level key words edexcel

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    This document defines key terms related to genetics, biology, and chemistry. It provides definitions for terms like mutation, obesity, osmosis, pedigree, phenotype, polypeptide, polysaccharide, implantation, prenatal, protein, qualitative data, quantitative data, recessive gene, ribose, nucleic acid, ribosome, saturated, solvent, surface area, synthesis, transcription, translation, unsaturated, and vein. The definitions describe genetic concepts like mutations and traits, biological processes like protein synthesis, and chemical ideas like saturation and solvents.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    69 views3 pages

    Biology Key Terms

    Uploaded by

    Ishra Chaudhry
    This document defines key terms related to genetics, biology, and chemistry. It provides definitions for terms like mutation, obesity, osmosis, pedigree, phenotype, polypeptide, polysaccharide, implantation, prenatal, protein, qualitative data, quantitative data, recessive gene, ribose, nucleic acid, ribosome, saturated, solvent, surface area, synthesis, transcription, translation, unsaturated, and vein. The definitions describe genetic concepts like mutations and traits, biological processes like protein synthesis, and chemical ideas like saturation and solvents.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 3

    Key Terms-

    Mutation- a change of the DNA sequence (in the nucleotide


    sequence of the DNA) or change in the physical arrangement of a
    chromosome. Example= sickle cell anaemia is a common mutation in
    humans which causes red blood cells to be shaped in a sickle cell
    shape causing the abnormal cells unable to move around as easily as
    normal red blood cells and can block blood vessels that can lead to
    tissue damage.
    Obesity- a condition where you have increased body weight caused
    by excessive build up of fat
    osmosis- the net passage of water diffusing from a region of high
    concentrated water potential to a region of lower concentrated
    water potential through a partially permeable membrane until both
    solutions (or regions) are equal and of the same concentration.
    pedigree-
    A chart of an individual's ancestors used in human genetics toanalyz
    e Mendelian inheritance of certain traits, especially of familial
    diseases.
    permeable- capable of letting substances pass through
    phenotype- the characteristics of an organism both physical and
    biochemical resulting from its genotype and the effects of the
    environment. Example= hair colour- there are genes are that control
    your hair colour which make up the genotype, however the actual
    part of the hair colour we see is the phenotype.
    polypeptide- a chain of amino acids chemically linked together by
    peptide bonds. Example= any protein is an example of a polypeptide
    as it is a chain of amino acids that make up proteins; e.g. eledoisin,
    amalin, glucagon.
    polysaccharide- a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a
    number of sugar molecules bonded together. Example= starch,
    cellulose or glycogen.
    implantation- the process where a fertilized egg becomes implanted
    in the lining of the uterus
    prenatal- before birth
    protein- any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds which have
    large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids
    and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as
    structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, etc., and
    as enzymes and antibodies. Example= keratin
    qualitative data- information that describes something and is written
    down as words. Example= eye colour
    quantitative data- information that can be measured and written
    down as numbers. Example= height
    recessive gene- a gene that produces its characteristic phenotype
    only when its allele is identical. Example= cystic fibrosis (cc)
    ribose- a sugar of the pentose class which occurs widely in nature as
    a constituent of nucleosides and several vitamins and enzymes.
    nucleic acid- a complex organic substance present in living cells,
    especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides
    linked in a long chain
    ribosome- a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated
    proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They
    bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides
    and proteins
    saturated- containing the greatest possible number of hydrogen
    atoms, without carboncarbon double or triple bonds Example=
    octane (C8H18)
    solvent- the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.
    Example= water or ethanol
    surface area- the area of an outer part or uppermost layer of
    something.
    synthesis- the production of chemical compounds by reaction from
    simpler materials
    transcription- the process of transcribing RNA, with existing DNA
    serving as a template, or vice versa.
    translation-the process by which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in
    a messenger RNA molecule gives rise to a specific sequence of amino
    acids during synthesis of a polypeptide or protein.
    unsaturated-having carboncarbon double or triple bonds and
    therefore not containing the greatest possible number of hydrogen
    atoms.
    vein- any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of
    the body, carrying mainly oxygen-depleted blood towards the heart.

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