BITI 1213 Linear Algebra and Mathematics Discrete
Faculty of Information and Communications & Technology
Page 1 of 2
TUTORIAL 4: VECTORS IN R
n
Vectors in R
2
1. Determine the head of the vector [
2
5
] whose tail is at (3, 2). Make a sketch.
2. Find u + v , u v, 2u and 3u 2v for:
a. u = (2,3), v = (-2,5)
b. u = (0,3), v = (3,2)
c. u = (2,6), v = (3,2)
3. Find the length of the following vectors.
a. (1, 2) b. ( -3, 4) c. (0, 2) d. (-4, 3)
4. Find the distance between the following pairs of points.
a. (2, 3) and (3, 4) b. (0, 3) and (2, 0)
5. Find a unit vector in the direction of x.
a. x = (2, 4) b. x = (-2, -3)
6. Find the area of the triangle with vertices (3, 3), (-1, -1) and (4, 1).
7. Find the cosine of the angle between each pairs of vectors u and v.
a. u = (1, 2) and v = (2,-3)
b. u = (2, 1) and v = (-2, -1)
8. Find the constant of a if the vectors (a, 2) and (a, -2) are orthogonal.
9. Find the constant of b such that the vectors (b, 4) and (2, 5) are parallel.
10. Write each of the following vectors in R
2
in terms of i and j.
a. (1, 3) b. (-2, 0)
Vectors in R
3
11. Determine the head of the vector (3, 4, -1) whose tail is at (1, -2, 3).
12. Find u + v , u v, 2u and 3u 2v for:
a. u = (1, 2, -3) and v = (0, 1 ,-2)
b. u = [
2
0
4
] and v = [
3
2
1
]
13. Find the length of the following vectors.
a. (2, 3, 4) b. (1, 2, -3, -4)
14. Find the distance between the following pairs of points.
a. (0, 2, 3) and (1, 2, -4) b. (3, 4, 0, 1) and (2, 2, 1, -1)
BITI 1213 Linear Algebra and Mathematics Discrete
Faculty of Information and Communications & Technology
Page 2 of 2
15. Find all constants a such that u . v = 0 where u = (a, 2, 1, a) and v = (a, -1, -2, -3).
16. Find a unit vector in the direction of x.
a. x = (2, -1, 3) b. x = (0, -1, 2, -1)
17. Find the cosine of the angle between each pair of vectors u and v.
a. u = (2, 3, 1) and v = (3, -2, 0) b. u = (0, 4, 2, 3) and v = (0, -1, 2, 0)
18. Check either u = (1, 0, 0, 2) and v = (0, -3, 1, 0) is orthogonal or not?
19. Identify either u = (4, 2, 6, -8) and v = (-2, -1, -3, 4) is parallel or not?
20. Write each of the following vectors in R
3
in terms of i, j and k.
a. (1, 2, -3) b. ( 0, 0, -2)
21. Find the cross product of vectors u and v below:
a. u = 2i + 3j + 4k, v = -i + 3j k
b. u = (1, 0, 1) v = (2, 3, -1)
Application in R
2
and R
3
Reflection
22. The reflection with respect to the line y = -x of a vector u in R
2
is defined by the linear operator
() = ([
1
2
]) = [
2
1
].
a. Find L (e1) and L (e2).
b. Determine the standard matrix representing L.
c. Find the images vertices of the triangle with vertices (-1, 4), (3, 1) and (2, 6).
Shear
23. A shear in the y- direction is defined by the linear operator L (u) = L (
1
2
) = [
1
2 +1
] where k
is a scalar.
a. Determine the standard matrix representing L.
b. R is a rectangle with vertices (1, 1), (1, 4), (3, 1) and (3, 4). Let k = 2 and determine the image
of R. Sketch the R and the image of R.
Area
24. Find the area of the triangle with vertices P1 (1, -2, 3), P2 (-3, 1, 4) and P3 (0, 4, 3).
25. Find the area of parallelogram with adjacent sides u = i + 3j 2k and v = 3i j k
Volume of Parallelepiped
26. Find the volume of the parallelepiped with a vertex at the origin and edges u = i - 2j + 4k , v = 3i
+ 4j + k and w = - i + j + k.
