IStructE Masonry Manual 2nd Edition
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Contents
Constitution 2
Contents 3
Foreword to the First Edition 6
Foreword to the Second Edition 7
1 Introduction 9
1.1 Aims of the Manual 9
1.2 Scope of the Manual 9
1.3 Use of the Manual 9
1.4 Contents of the Manual 9
2 Choice of structural form 11
2.1 General 11
2.2 Stability 11
2.3 Cellular plan form 11
2.4 Crosswall construction 11
2.5 Spine-wall construction 12
2.6 Geometric sections 13
2.7 Robustness 13
2.8 Movement joints 14
2.9 Interaction with other parts of the structure 15
2.10 Infill masonry to framed structures 16
2.11 Openings 17
3 Choice of materials 19
3.1 Design co-ordination 19
3.2 Structural masonry units 19
3.3 Mortars and mortar joints 19
3.3.1 Mortars 19
3.3.2 Mortar joints 22
IStructE Masonry Manual 2nd Edition
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3.4 Durability 23
3.4.1 Frost resistance 23
3.4.2 Soluble salt content 23
3.4.3 Efflorescence 24
3.4.4 Concrete blocks/bricks 34
3.4.5 Lime bloom 34
3.5 Fire resistance 34
3.6 Wall ties and straps 34
3.7 Damp-proof courses (dpcs) 35
4 General principles of limit-state design for masonry walls and columns 38
4.1 Loadings 38
4.2 Serviceability limit state 39
4.3 Characteristic strengths 39
4.3.1 Characteristic compressive strength 39
4.3.2 Characteristic flexural strength 44
4.3.3 Characteristic shear strength 44
4.3.4 Characteristic strength of wall ties 46
4.4 Design strength 46
5 Design of loadbearing masonry 49
5.1 Load combinations 49
5.2 Design procedure 49
5.3 Walls and piers subject to vertical load 49
5.3.1 Lateral supports 49
5.3.2 Effective height 54
5.3.3 Effective length 55
5.3.4 Effective thickness 55
5.3.5 Slenderness ratio 56
5.3.6 Eccentricity at right-angles to the wall 56
5.3.7 Vertical load resistance 56
5.3.8 Vertical load resistance of solid walls and columns 57
5.3.9 Vertical load resistance of cavity walls and columns 58
5.3.10 Eccentricity in the plane of the wall and shear wall 58
5.3.11 Horizontal shear resistance 59
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5.4 Walls subject to lateral loading 59
5.4.1 Limits on wall panel sizes (to be applied when using Table 15) 59
5.4.2 Direction of span and support conditions 60
5.4.3 Two-way spanning walls 65
5.4.4 One-way spanning walls 66
5.4.5 Cavity walls 68
5.4.6 Geometric walls 68
5.4.7 Trial sections 70
5.4.8 Shear analysis 70
5.4.9 Design loading cases 74
6 Details and construction 75
6.1 Sequence of building and how it affects design 75
6.2 Types of walls 75
6.2.1 Solid walls 75
6.2.2 Cavity walls 75
6.3 Lateral restraints, straps and ties 75
6.4 Mixing of framed construction and loadbearing masonry 77
6.5 Overhangs, corbels, cornices: difficulties with suspending bricks from ironmongery 78
6.6 Bonding and coursing 78
6.7 Lintels and lintel bearings 79
6.8 Filling of mortar joints 79
6.9 Damp-proof courses (dpcs) 80
6.10 Chases and holes 80
6.11 Movement joint details 80
6.12 Partition walls 83
6.13 Tolerances 83
6.14 Inspections and acceptance 84
References 85
