5- 80 Problems and Solution Section 5.7 (5.74 through 5.80) 5.
74 A 100-kg compressor rotor has a shaft stiffness of 1.4 ! 107 N/m. The compressor is designed to operate at a speed of 6000 rpm. The internal damping of the rotor shaft system is measured to be " = 0.01. (a) If the rotor has an eccentric radius of 1 cm, what is the rotor system's critical speed? (b) Calculate the whirl amplitude at critical speed. Compare your results to those of Example 5.7.1. Solution: (a) The critical speed is the rotor's natural frequency, so
!c =
k 1.4 " 107 = = 374.2 rad/s = 3573 rpm m 100
(b) At critical speed, r = 1, so from Equation (5.81),
X=
! 0.01 = = 0.5 m 2" 2 0.01
So a system with higher eccentricity and lower damping has a greater whirl amplitude (see Example 5.7.1).
5.75
Redesign the rotor system of Problem 5.74 such that the whirl amplitude at critical speed is less than 1 cm by changing the mass of the rotor. Solution: From Problem 5.74, k = 1.4 ! 107 N/m, m = 100 kg, " = 0.01, and # = 0.01m. Since the whirl amplitude at critical speed must be less than 0.01 m, the value of " that would satisfy this is, from equation (5.81), ! X= 2"
"=
! 0.01 = = 0.5 2 X 2 0.01
The original damping ratio was 0.01, so the value of c is
c = 2! m" = 2 0.01 100
)( )
1.4 # 107 = 784.33 kg/s 100
So, the new mass should be, with " = 0.5,
5- 81
748.33 = 2 0.5 m
( )
k = km = 1.4 ! 107 m m " m = 0.04 kg
This is not practical.
5- 82 5.76 Determine the effect of the rotor system's damping ratio on the design of the whirl amplitude at critical speed for the system of Example 5.7.1 by plotting X at r = 1 for " between 0 < " < 1. Solution: From Example 5.7.1, with r = 1 and # = 0.001 m,
X=
0.001 0.0005 = 2! !
5- 83 5.77 The flywheel of an automobile engine has a mass of about 50 kg and an eccentricity of about 1 cm. The operating speed ranges from 1200 rpm (idle) to 5000 rpm (red line). Choose the remaining parameters so that whirling amplitude is never more than 1 mm. Solution: From Equation (5.81),
X = 0.001 =
0.01r 2
(1 ! r ) + ( 2" r )
2 2
Choosing " = 0.1, the physical solution is
r = 0.3018
By observing Figure 5.34, r = 0.3018 is the maximum value of r. So at ! r rpm, the stiffness must be
( )
max
= 500
r = 0.3018 =
" 2! % 5000 $ ' # 60 &
8
k / 50 k = 1.505 ( 10 N/m
5- 84 5.78 Consider the design of the compressor rotor system of Example 5.7.1. The amplitude of the whirling motion depends on the parameters #, ", m, k and the driving frequency. Which parameter has the greatest effect on the amplitude? Discuss your results. Solution: From Example 5.7.1, # = 0.001 m, " = 0.05, m = 55 kg, $r = 6000 rpm, and k = 1.4 ! 107 N/m. To find out what effect each parameter has on this system, each value will be varied by 10%. The original system has r = 1.2454 and X = 0.002746 m.
0.9 a = 0.009m 1.1a = 0.0011 m 1.9" = 0.045 1.1" = 0.055 0.9 m = 49.5 kg 1.1m = 60.5 kg 1.1k = 1.54 # 107 N/m ! r = 1.2454 ! ! r = 1.2454 ! ! r = 1.2454 ! ! r = 1.2454 ! ! r = 1.1815 ! ! r = 1.3062 ! ! r = 1.1874 ! X = 0.002471 m (-10.0%)
0.9 k = 1.26 # 107 N/m ! r = 1.3127 !
( ) X = 0.002759 m ( +0.465% ) X = 0.002732 m ( -0.507% ) X = 0.003379 m ( +23.1% ) X = 0.002376 m ( -13.5% ) X = 0.002344 m ( -14.6% ) X = 0.003304 m ( +20.3% )
X = 0.003020 m +10.0%
The mass and stiffness values have the greatest effect on the amplitude, while the damping ratio has the smallest effect.
5- 85 5.79 At critical speed the amplitude is determined entirely by the damping ratio and the eccentricity. If a rotor has an eccentricity of 1 cm, what value of damping ratio is required to limit the deflection to 1 cm? Solution: Since X = 0.01 m, a = 0.01 m, and at critical speed r = 1, then from Equation (5.81),
X = 0.01 m =
a 0.01 = 2! 2!
! = 0.5
5.80
A rotor system has damping limited by " < 0.05. What is the maximum value of eccentricity allowable in the rotor design if the maximum amplitude at critical speed must be less than 1 cm? Solution: Since X = 0.01 m, " < 0.05, and at critical speed r = 1, then from Equation (5.81),
X = 0.01 m = a a = 2! 2 0.05
a = 0.001 m = 1 mm
