Fire Safety Measures
By SUMALYA BOSE 061110039 6th SEM B.Arch
Contents
Intro uction Bui! in" Features
#oors S$o%e a!ar$s S&rin%!ers
'recautions an esca&e ti&s
S$o%e etectors E$er"ency nu$(ers After a fire S&ace heaters S$o%in" )oo%in" Matches an !i"hters E!ectricity *a!o"en !i"hts Security (ars Other &recautions
INTRODUCTION If a fire shou! occur + , CLOSE the oors to sto& the s&rea of the fire , SOUND the a!ar$- a!ert others to the an"er , GET OUT of the (ui! in" , NOTIFY the fire e&art$ent DO NOT "o (ac% into the (ui! in" or try to sa.e your stuff. )!othes- (oo%s an &a&ers can (e re&!ace / YOU CANT! BUIL#I01 FEA2U3ES Bui! in"s are e4ui&&e 5ith a .ariety of features that are esi"ne to sto& the s&rea of fire- etect it or su&&ress it. *o5 o they 5or%6 Doors+any oor can he!& sto& the s&rea of s$o%e or fire fro$ one area to another. So$e oors- such as fire oors in corri ors or stair5e!!s of resi ence ha!!s for e7a$&!e- are esi"ne to stan u& to fire !on"er than those on an in i.i ua! roo$. *o5e.er- it is rea!!y i$&ortant that these oors are )LOSE# for the$ to 5or%. A fire oor that has (een &ro&&e o&en is "oin" to a!!o5 the fire an the s$o%e to s&rea a5ay fro$ the fire- &uttin" a !ot of other &eo&!e in an"er- &ossi(!y tra&&in" an $ay(e %i!!in" the$.
1enera!!y- if a oor has a e.ice that auto$atica!!y c!oses the oor- then it shou! not (e &ro&&e o&en. #oors that shou! a!5ays re$ain c!ose 5hen not (ein" use are those on stair5ays. If the fire or s$o%e "ets into a stair5ay- then that stair5ay has no5 (een turne into a chi$ney. 0o5 &eo&!e tryin" to "et out of the (ui! in" can8t use it- an they $ay (eco$e tra&&e a(o.e the fire/not a "oo &!ace to (e. Smoke Alarm+a!so often %no5n as s$o%e etectors- these e.ices are one of the (est ear!y/5arnin" e.ices of a fire. 2hey are esi"ne to sense !o5 !e.e!s of s$o%e an soun an a!ar$. So$e s$o%e a!ar$s are 5hat are %no5n as 9sin"!e station-: or stan /a!one e.ices. If they "o into a!ar$- on!y the one etector is acti.ate - a!ertin" &eo&!e ri"ht aroun it. Others $ay (e connecte to"ether- such as in a t5o/ story house- an they 5i!! a!! soun an a!ar$ at the sa$e ti$e. A thir setu& $ay (e a fire a!ar$ syste$- such as in a resi ence ha!!- 5here a s$o%e a!ar$ is connecte to the (ui! in"8s fire a!ar$ syste$. 0o $atter 5hat ty&e of setu& you $ay ha.e- no fire etector can o its ;o( if it is isa(!e . <hate.er you o+ , LEA=E the (atteries in the etector , LEA=E the etector unco.ere so it can 9s$e!!: the s$o%e , LEA=E the etector on the 5a!! or cei!in" 5here it can o its ;o(. A !ot of fire fata!ities ha.e occurre 5hen the etector has (een isa(!e . #on8t (e one of the$> Sprinklers+fire s&rin%!ers are a .ery effecti.e $etho of &uttin" out a fire 4uic%!y- (efore it has ti$e to s&rea an &ut &eo&!e in an"er. #es&ite 5hat you $ay see on te!e.ision- usua!!y on!y one or t5o s&rin%!ers f!o5 5ater/not e.ery sin"!e s&rin%!er hea o&ens u&> S&rin%!ers 5i!! o&erate fast- &uttin" out the fire 5hi!e it is s$a!!. )onsi er t5o fires- one in an uns&rin%!ere roo$ that (urne out an entire suiteco$&are to one that ha&&ene a year !ater in a s&rin%!ere resi ence ha!!.
2he secon fire 5as contro!!e (y the acti.ation of the s&rin%!er syste$- an the a$a"e 5as !i$ite to the area aroun the sto.e. 2he a$ount of 5ater that f!o5s fro$ a s&rin%!er hea is .ery s$a!! co$&are to the 5ater co$in" fro$ a fire hose. A s&rin%!er 5i!! "enera!!y f!o5 ?@ "a!!ons &er $inute5hi!e a fire hose 5i!! f!o5 1@0 "a!!ons &er $inute or $ore> 2he a$a"e in a fire in.o!.in" a s&rin%!er hea can (e si"nificant!y !ess than in an uns&rin%!ere &ro&erty.
Tips on preventin an! "an!lin #ire a$$i!ents
Fire is one ene$y 5hich can estroy you an your har earne &ro&erty in a $atter of secon s. In the e.ent of a fire- re$e$(erA ti$e is the (i""est ene$y an e.ery secon counts> It on!y ta%es $inutes for a house to fi!! 5ith thic% (!ac% s$o%e an (eco$e en"u!fe in f!a$es. 2herefore it is a!5ays i$&ortant to note so$e &oints 5hich 5i!! he!& you &re.ent $any a fire acci ent.
%re$a&tions an! es$ape tips' Install smoke !ete$tors
)hec% s$o%e etectors once a $onth an chan"e the (atteries at !east once a year. S$o%e etectors sense a(nor$a! a$ounts of s$o%e or in.isi(!e co$(ustion "ases in the air. 2hey can etect (oth s$o! erin" an (urnin" fires. At !east one s$o%e etector shou! (e insta!!e on e.ery !e.e! of a structure.
%ost emer en$( n&m)ers near telep"ones*
Be a5are that if a fire threatens your ho$e- you shou! not &!ace the ca!! to e$er"ency ser.ices fro$ insi e the ho$e. It is (etter to "et out an &!ace the ca!! to fire authorities fro$ a safe !ocation outsi e the ho$e.
A#ter a #ire emer en$(
1i.e first ai 5here a&&ro&riate. Serious!y in;ure .icti$s shou! (e trans&orte to &rofessiona! $e ica! he!& i$$e iate!y. Stay out of the a$a"e (ui! in". 3eturn on!y 5hen fire authorities say it is safe.
Spa$e +eaters Nee! Spa$e
Bee& &orta(!e an s&ace heaters at !east 3 feet fro$ anythin" that $ay (urn. 0e.er !ea.e heaters on 5hen you !ea.e ho$e or "o to s!ee&. )hi! ren an &ets shou! a!5ays (e %e&t a5ay fro$ the$.
Smokers Nee! To ,e E-tra Care#&l
0e.er s$o%e in (e or 5hen you are s!ee&y. )are!ess!y iscar e ci"arettes are a !ea in" cause of fire acci ents.
,e Care#&l Cookin
Bee& coo%in" areas c!ear of co$(usti(!es an 5ear short or ti"ht/fittin" s!ee.es 5hen you coo%. Bee& the han !es of your &ots turne in5ar so they o not o.er/han" the sto.e. If "rease catches fire- carefu!!y s!i e a !i o.er the &an an s$other the f!a$es- then turn off the (urner.
.at$"es an! Li "ters are Dan ero&s
In the han s of a chi! - $atches an !i"hters can (e ea !y> Store the$ 5here %i s canCt reach the$- &refera(!y in a !oc%e area. 2each chi! ren that $atches an !i"hters are Dtoo!sD an shou! on!y (e use (y a u!ts.
Use Ele$tri$it( Sa#el(
If an a&&!iance s$o%es or has an unusua! s$e!!- un&!u" it i$$e iate!y an ha.e it re&aire . 3e&!ace fraye or crac%e e!ectrica! cor s an onCt o.er!oa e7tension cor s. 2hey shou! not (e run un er ru"s. 0e.er ta$&er 5ith the fuse (o7 or use the i$&ro&er siEe fuse.
,e Care#&l o# +alo en Li "ts
If you ha.e ha!o"en !i"hts- $a%e sure they are a5ay fro$ f!a$$a(!e ra&es an !o5 cei!in" areas. 0e.er !ea.e the$ on 5hen you !ea.e your ho$e or office.
Se$&rit( ,ars Re/&ire Spe$ial %re$a&tions
Security (ars $ay he!& to %ee& your fa$i!y safe fro$ intru ers- (ut they can a!so tra& you in a ea !y fire> <in o5s an oors 5ith security (ars $ust ha.e 4uic% re!ease e.ices to a!!o5 the$ to (e o&ene i$$e iate!y in an e$er"ency.
Imme!iatel( Leave T"e +ome
<hen a fire occurs- o not 5aste any ti$e sa.in" &ro&erty. 2a%e the safest e7it route- (ut if you $ust esca&e throu"h s$o%e- re$e$(er to cra5! !o5un er the s$o%e an %ee& your $outh co.ere . 2he s$o%e contains to7ic "ases- 5hich can isorient you or- at 5orst- o.erco$e you.
Never Open Doors T"at Are +ot To T"e To&$"
<hen you co$e to a c!ose oor- use the (ac% of your han to fee! the to& of the oor- the oor%no(- an the crac% (et5een the oor an oor fra$e to $a%e sure that fire is not on the other si e. E.en if the oor fee!s coo!- o&en it carefu!!y. Brace your shou! er a"ainst the oor an o&en it s!o5!y. If heat an s$o%e co$e in- s!a$ the oor an $a%e sure it is secure!y c!ose - then use your a!ternate esca&e route.
On$e O&t0 Sta( O&t
3e$e$(er to esca&e first- then notify the fire e&art$ent. 0e.er "o (ac% into a (urnin" (ui! in" for any reason.
