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Answer All Questions: 461: Chemical Engineering Design I Question One

This document describes an extractive distillation process to obtain pure ethanol from a water-ethanol azeotrope using benzene. The process uses three distillation columns: 1) the azeotrope mixture is fed to the first column and produces an azeotrope vapor sent to a decanter, 2) the decanter separates into benzene-rich and water-rich phases fed to the second column, 3) the second column produces a water-ethanol mixture fed to the third, binary column where pure ethanol is obtained as overhead and pure water as bottom. The document provides equations to calculate column sizes and design parameters for this three column extractive distillation process.

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163 views2 pages

Answer All Questions: 461: Chemical Engineering Design I Question One

This document describes an extractive distillation process to obtain pure ethanol from a water-ethanol azeotrope using benzene. The process uses three distillation columns: 1) the azeotrope mixture is fed to the first column and produces an azeotrope vapor sent to a decanter, 2) the decanter separates into benzene-rich and water-rich phases fed to the second column, 3) the second column produces a water-ethanol mixture fed to the third, binary column where pure ethanol is obtained as overhead and pure water as bottom. The document provides equations to calculate column sizes and design parameters for this three column extractive distillation process.

Uploaded by

stephenbwogora
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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461: Chemical engineering design I

Answer all questions


Question one
To obtain pure ethanol from water-ethanol azeotrope (95.5 % ethanol) one needs to
lower the pressure or use extractive distillation. In extractive distillation a third
chemical is added such as benzene which forms a water-benzene-ethanol azeotrope at
64.8C of a composition of 18.5% ethanol, 74.1% benzene and 7.4% water. This
process is accomplished with the use of three columns. In the first column the
azeotrpe mixture of water-ethanol is feed in this column. The vapour obtain from this
first column is an azeotrope mixture of water-benzene-ethanol which is cold and send
to a decanter. In decanter two layers are formed with the bottom rich water being 16%
of following composition 53% ethanol, 11% benzene and 36% water, while the
benzene rich layer is 84% with 14.5% ethanol, 84.5% benzene and 1% water. The
benzene rich phase is retuned to this column as the water rich phase is send to second
column. In this second column the overhead is also water-benzene-ethanol azeotrpe
mixture which is mixed with vapour from column one before being sends to
condenser and then to decanter. The bottom from this column is a mixture of water-
ethanol which is send to a third distillation column which is binary. In this last
column the overhead is 95.5% ethanol which is combines with the feed to column one
whereas the bottom is pure water. (NB all percentages are in weight, density of gas
is2.7 Kg/m
3
and liquid is 980 Kg/m
3
and
l=

H2O
)
1. Draw a flow sheet of this process.
2. Find the flow rate in all the streams in this process supposing that the ethanol
produced is 1000kg/h.
3. Supposing the volatility of the mixtures in column three at one atmospheric
pressure is 3, find the equilibrium line.
4. Given that the reflux ratio in column three is three times the minimum ratio and
the feed to this column is liquid at boiling point, find the diameter of the column
supposing it is
a. Sieve plate column with hole diameter 4mm and the ratio of holes area to
the cross-section of the column is 20%.
b. packed column with inch raschig rings with area 788m
2
/m
3
and
voidage of 0.73m
3
/m
3
.

5. Using above find the number of stages in upper and lower parts of this column.
Assuming that bottom contain 1% ethanol which is negligible in mass balance
calculation.
6. Find the height of
a. Plate in sieve column and hence the operational height if the column
efficiency is 0.6.
b. Equivalent theoretical plate (HEPT) and hence the operational height if the
column efficiency is 0.6.




Equilibrium line
( )x
x
y
1 1 +
=
o
o
where is volatility



Diameter of plate column
x
e y
4
10

=
8
25 . 0 i
l
g
g
l
V
V
x
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=


16 . 0
2
2
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
O H
l
l
g
z
g
gd
w
y


Diameter of packed column

x
e y
4
2 . 1

=
8
25 . 0 i
l
g
g
l
V
V
x
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=


16 . 0
3
2
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
O H
l
l
g g
g
a w
y

c

Where V
l
, V
g
mass flow rate of liquid and gas [kg/h]

g
,
l
- density of gas and liquid [kg/m
3
]

l
,
H2O
viscosity of liquid and water at 20C [cP]
d
z
- hole diameter [m]
ratio of hole to total close-section of column [%]
g 9.814 m/s
2

w
g
optimum velocity of gas in cross-section of column [m/s]
a, are parameters of the packing [m
2
/m
3
] [m
3
/m
3
]


5 . 0
4 . 21

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
d
w
H
gm
HEPT

Where w
gm
- gas velocity mass flow [Kg/m
2
h]
d -diameter of parking [m]
-is viscosity [kg/mh]

H w
g
l
g

059 . 0 = Where H is height of plate

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