RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS Unit-I Solar Energy - Availability - Solar radiation data and measurement - Estimation of average solar
radiation - Solar water heater types - Heat balance  Flat plate collector efficiency  Efficiency of heat removal - Thermo siphon flow calculation - Forced circulation calculation - Evacuated collectors - Basics of solar concentrators Solar Energy Applications - Solar air heaters  Solar Chimney - Crop driers - Passive solar system - Active solar systems - Water desalination Output from solar still  Principle of solar ponds. Unit-II Wind Energy  Nature of wind  Characteristics  Variation with height and time  Power in wind Aerodynamics of Wind turbine  Momentum theory  Basics of aerodynamics  Aero foils and their characteristics  HAWT  Blade element theory  Prandtls lifting line theory (prescribed wake analysis) VAWT aerodynamics  Wind turbine loads  Aerodynamic loads in steady operation  Yawed operation and tower shadow. Wind Energy Conversion System  Siting  Rotor selection  Annual energy output  Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT)  Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)  Rotor design considerations  Number of blades  Solidity - Blade profile  Upwind/Downwind  Yaw system  Tower  Braking system - Synchronous and asynchronous generators and loads  Integration of wind energy converters to electrical networks  Inverters  Control system  Requirement and strategies  Noise Applications of wind energy Unit-III Biomass energy - Bio fuel classification  Examples of thermo chemical, Pyrolysis, biochemical and agrochemical systems  Energy farming  Direct combustion for heat  Process heat and electricity  Ethanol production and use  Anaerobic digestion for biogas  Different digesters  Digester sizing  Applications of Biogas - Operation with I.C.Engine Unit-IV Ocean Energy - OTEC Principle - Lamberts law of absorption - Open cycle and closed cycle heat exchanger calculations  Major problems and operational experience. Tidal Power Principles of power generation - components of power plant  Single and two basin systems  Turbines for tidal power - Estimation of energy  Maximum and minimum power ranges - tidal powerhouse. Wave Energy  Concept of energy and power from waves  Wave characteristics  period and wave velocities - Different wave energy conservation devices (Saltor duck, oscillating water column and dolphin types)  operational experience. Unit-V Geothermal Energy - Classification- Fundamentals of geophysics - Dry rock and hot aquifier energy analysis - Estimation of thermal power - Extraction techniques - Prime movers.
References: 1. Renewable Energy Resources / John Twidell and Tony Weir / E & F.N.Spon
2. Renewable Energy Resources Basic Principles and Applications / G.N.Tiwari and M.K.Ghosal / Narosa 3. Solar Energy - Principles of thermal collection and storage/ S.P. Sukhatme / TMH 4. Solar Energy Thermal Processes,/Duffie & Beckman 5. Solar Heating and Cooling / Kreith & Kreider 6. Wind Energy Handbook / Tony Burton, David Sharpe, Nick Jenkins and Ervin Bossanyi / WileyWind Electrical Systems / S.N.Bhadra, D.Kastha and S.Banerjee / Oxford 7. Biogas Technology - A Practical Hand Book / K.Khendelwal & S.S. Mahdi / McGrawHill