Wisconsin Student Assessment System

Criterion-Referenced Test Framework

For the fall Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Examinations Statewide
Assessment

Assessment Framework for

Mathematics
In Grades 3 through 8 and 10

Elizabeth Burmaster, State Superintendent

Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction
 CTB/McGraw-Hill
Test Development Contractor

January, 2005

This document can be found on the Web at

http://dpi.wi.gov/dpi/oea/WKCE/math_framework.html
This document provides an indication of the range of coverage on the math portion of the
Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Examination that will be administered statewide in
Wisconsin each November beginning in 2005 in grades 3 through 8 and 10. It is intended
to foster discussion among educators and others across grades and across subject areas. It
should be used in conjunction with the Wisconsin Model Academic Standards for
Mathematics and your local curriculum.

This framework can be found on the Web at:

www.dpi.wi.gov/dpi/oea/WKCE.html

Wisconsin’s Model Academic Standards for Mathematics can be found on the Web at:

http://dpi.wi.gov/standards/matintro.html

Planning Curriculum in Mathematics information can be found on the Web at:

http://dpi.wi.gov/dltcl/eis/pubsales/math_1.html

January, 2005
 Office of Educational Accountability
Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction
125 S Webster St
P.O. Box 7841
Madison, WI 53707-7841

The Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction does not discriminate on the basis of
sex, race, religion, age, national origin, ancestry, creed, pregnancy, marital or parental
status, sexual orientation or physical, mental, emotional or learning disability.
 Table of Contents
Overview …………………………………………………………………………………. 1

General Test Specifications ………………………………………………………………. 1

Objectives and Subskills ………………………………………………………………….. 3

Frequently Asked Questions ……………………………………………………………… 7

What is the framework? ………………….………………………………………... 7

How can I use the framework? …………...………………………………………... 7
Do I need to teach something if it isn’t assessed at my grade level? …………….... 8
Does the mathematics framework replace our local curriculum or the Wisconsin
Model Academic Standards for Mathematics? …………………………............. 8
How does the framework relate to our local curriculum? …………………………. 9
What is a criterion-referenced test? ………………………………………………... 9
What kinds of questions will be on the test? ……………………………................ 10
How can I help my students prepare for the test? …………………………………. 10
Characteristics of Mathematics Assessment……………………………………….. 11
Constructed Response Rubric for Grades 3 -8……………………………………... 13
Constructed Response Rubric for Grade 10………………………………………... 14

Whom can I contact with questions or suggestions? …………………………….... 16

Grade-Level Frameworks ………………………………………………………………... 17

Beginning of Grade 3 ……………………………………………………………... 17

Beginning of Grade 4 ……………………………………………………………... 21
Beginning of Grade 5 ……………………………………………………………... 25
Beginning of Grade 6 ……………………………………………………………... 29
Beginning of Grade 7 ……………………………………………………………... 33
Beginning of Grade 8 ……………………………………………………………... 37
Beginning of Grade 10 ……………………………………………………………. 41

Mathematics Assessment Framework Matrix……………………………………………. 45

A. Mathematical Process……………………………………………………. 45
B. Number Operations and Relationships…………………………………… 46
C. Geometry…………………………………………………………………. 50
D. Measurement……………………………………………………………… 54
E. Statistics and Probability…………………………………………………. 57
F. Algebraic Relationships…………………………………………………... 60

Calculator Use for Statewide Assessment………………………………………………… 65

Glossary of Terms Used in the Wisconsin Mathematics Assessment Framework............. 67

Feedback Form …………………………………………………………………………… 73

WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Overview and General Test Specifications

Overview

Beginning in the 2005–2006 school year, the federal No Child Left Behind Act requires all
states to test all students in reading and mathematics in grades 3 through 8 and once in high
school (grade 10 under Wisconsin law s. 118.30). These tests are referred to as the Wisconsin
Knowledge and Concepts Examination (WKCE) and will replace WKCE reading and
mathematics tests beginning in fall 2005. Student performance on these tests is reported in
proficiency categories and used to determine the adequate yearly progress of students at the
school, district and state levels. Summative information regarding student performance on
statewide assessments can be found at www.dpi.wi.gov/sig/index.html.

The Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction published a request for proposals to support
the development of customized criterion-referenced reading and mathematics tests to be
vertically scaled over grades 3 through 8 and grade 10. CTB/McGraw-Hill was awarded the
contract. Panels of Wisconsin teachers began meeting during the 2003–2004 school year to
select reading passages, establish grade-level descriptors for reading and mathematics and
review (accept/reject/edit) all customized items developed by the contractor.

CTB/McGraw-Hill conducted item pilot testing in May 2004 and forms calibration in
December 2004 based on a stratified sampling design drawing from all public schools in the
state. The Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction also contracted with three national
experts to evaluate the work of CTB/McGraw-Hill as well as to advise the department on
issues of validity and reliability of the new WKCE test design for reading and mathematics.
This Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) met initially in February 2004 and will meet
twice annually in the future to assure the continued technical validity of the tests.

General Test Specifications

All test items developed for the new WKCE tests in reading and mathematics are either
selected-response (multiple-choice) or constructed-response format. The test reporting
categories and items assigned to measure each reporting category are aligned to the
Wisconsin Model Academic Standards in reading and mathematics with grade-level
appropriate descriptors supporting learning expectations for tests administered in the fall
semester. The test design draws approximately 80% of the total score points from selected-
response items and 20% of the score points from student-generated constructed-response
items.

All students in grades 3 through 8 and 10 will be tested in reading and mathematics using
these new customized WKCE tests beginning in fall 2005. Students with disabilities will be
allowed accommodations during these tests unless an alternate assessment is required based
on an IEP process. Students whose English language proficiency as tested on state-approved
language proficiency examinations is level three or higher will take the WKCE tests with
allowable accommodations. English language learners with language proficiency scores less
than three will take an alternate assessment. All alternate assessments are aligned to state
standards.

January, 2005 1
Reporting Categories WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Students in grades 4, 8 and 10 will continue to be assessed in language arts, science and
social studies as required by s. 118.30 Wisconsin Statutes. These assessments will be a shelf-
test provided under the terms of the department’s contract with CTB/McGraw-Hill.

2 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT
Mathematics Assessment Framework Reporting Categories - Objectives and Subskills

Table 1. Mathematics Assessment Framework Objectives and Subskills.

WKCE MATHEMATICS

REPORTING CATEGORIES
Objectives and Sub-skills

Objective: A. MATHEMATICAL PROCESS

• Reasoning
• Communication
• Connections
• Representation
• Problem Solving

Objective: B. NUMBER OPERATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS

Sub-skills:
• B.a. Number Concepts
• B.b. Number Computation

Objective: C. GEOMETRY
Sub-skills:
• C.a. Describing Figures
• C.b. Spatial Relationships and Transformations
• C.c. Coordinate Systems

Objective: D. MEASUREMENT
Sub-skills:
• D.a. Measurable Attributes
• D.b. Direct Measurement
• D.c. Indirect Measurement

Objective: E. STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Sub-skills:
• E.a. Data Analysis and Statistics
• E.b. Probability

Objective: F. ALGEBRAIC RELATIONSHIPS

Sub-skills:
• F.a. Patterns, Relations and Functions
• F.b. Expressions, Equations and Inequalities
• F.c. Properties

January, 2005 3
Objectives and Subskills Reporting Categories WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Table 2. Mathematics Assessment Framework Objectives and Subskills.

WKCE MATHEMATICS
REPORTING CATEGORIES
(80% of score points: selected response/20% constructed-response)

OBJECTIVES AND SUB-SKILLS Estimated Percentage of Score Points per Grade

Gr3 Gr4 Gr5 Gr6 Gr7 Gr8 Gr10

A. MATHEMATICAL PROCESS 15 18 18 19 19 22 18
Reasoning
Communication
Connections
Representation
Problem Solving

B. NUMBER OPERATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS 21 19 18 19 20 14 10

Number Concepts
Number Computation

C. GEOMETRY 19 16 16 16 17 14 16
Describe Figures
Spatial Relationships and Transformations
Coordinate Systems

D. MEASUREMENT 15 16 16 15 14 16 16
Measurable Attributes
Direct Measurement
Indirect Measurement

E. STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 15 15 16 15 14 14 20

Data Analysis and Statistics
Probability

F. ALGEBRAIC RELATIONSHIPS 15 16 16 16 16 20 20
Patterns, Relations and Functions
Expressions, Equations and Inequalities
Properties

4 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Objectives and Subskills Reporting Categories

Figure 1. Distribution of WKCE mathematics score points by grade. Bands indicate percent of score points at grade level
related to each objective

WKCE-CRT Mathematics
Assessment Blueprint
Process

Number

Geometry

Measurement

Statistics & Probability

Algebra

3 4 5 6 7 8 10

January, 2005 5
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the framework?

In order to develop a customized test aligned with Wisconsin standards, a diverse group of
educators from around the state, content-area specialists from the Department of Public
Instruction (DPI), and test developers from the test contractor met and developed a detailed plan
for the test, called the test blueprint. The framework is derived from this test blueprint and was
developed by the DPI to provide information about the range and coverage of the WKCE at each
grade. Figure 2 indicates that the test blueprint is based on the academic standards, and that the
WKCE and the framework are based on the test blueprint. As we gain experience with the
WKCE, we may gain insight that leads us to revise our test blueprint.

Figure 2. Relationships among the Wisconsin Model Academic Standards, test

blueprint, test, and framework.

WKCE-CRT
Wisconsin
Test
Model
Blueprint
Academic
Standards
Framework

How can I use the framework?

One way you can use the framework is to ensure that your local curriculum includes the
knowledge and skills described in the framework. However, since the mathematics assessment
framework is only an indication of the knowledge and skills that will be assessed on the November
WKCE, this information does not replace your local curriculum.

Another way to use the framework is as a basis for teachers to engage in multi-grade-level discussions.
Since the test is administered in the fall, students should have an opportunity to acquire the knowledge
and skills that will be assessed prior to the tested grade. Similarly, teachers will want to examine test
results from the next-higher grade level for feedback on what is happening at their own grade level, as
illustrated in the example in Figure 3.

January, 2005 7
Frequently Asked Questions WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Figure 3. Knowledge and skills assessed at one grade must be part of the curriculum prior to that grade.

Grade 4 collaborate Grade 8 collaborate Grade 10

administer administer
review test review test review
results results results

WKCE WKCE WKCE

Do I need to teach something if it isn’t assessed at my grade level?

Yes. You may want to ensure that you introduce students to the knowledge and skills that will be
assessed at least one year (or more) before they are assessed. On the other hand, even if
something is no longer assessed you may need to teach it if students haven’t mastered it because
it is assumed to be known and because it may be prerequisite for something that is assessed.

Does the mathematics assessment framework replace our local curriculum or the
Wisconsin Model Academic Standards for Mathematics?

The mathematics assessment framework is an indication of the knowledge and skills that will be assessed
on the November WKCE. This information does not replace your local curriculum or the Model
Academic Standards. You may wish to ensure that your local curriculum includes – but is not limited to –
the knowledge and skills described in the framework.

Table 4 on the following page is intended to help foster discussion among educators about local
curriculum, state standards, and the framework.

To assist in curriculum planning, the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction has prepared a
comprehensive guide “Planning Curriculum in Mathematics.” Information on this guide can be
found on the Web at: http://dpi.wi.gov/dltcl/eis/pubsales/math_1.html .

8 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Frequently Asked Questions

How does the framework relate to our local curriculum?

If your local curriculum is linked to the Wisconsin Model Academic Standards then it is also linked to the
framework, because the mathematics framework is based on the Wisconsin Model Academic Standards.
However, since the framework provides additional information about what may be assessed at each grade
level, you may wish to ensure that your local curriculum includes the knowledge and skills described in
the framework. Note, however, that the framework does not replace your local curriculum. Figure 4
shows the relationships among the framework, local curriculum, and state standards.

Figure 4. Suggested relationships among the Wisconsin Model Academic Standards, mathematics
assessment framework, and local curriculum, instruction, and assessment. Solid arrows indicate
direct influence, and dotted arrows indicate indirect or recommended influence.

Teaching and Learning

Local Curriculum,
Instruction, and
Curriculum Assessment Assessment.

Wisconsin Mathematics State Standards

Model Assessment and Assessment
Academic Framework
Standards

What is a criterion-referenced test?

This term refers to the way test results are interpreted. A criterion-referenced interpretation of an
assessment relates a student’s performance to specific performance criteria, rather than to the
performance of other students (which would be a norm-referenced interpretation). Wisconsin has
defined five proficiency categories: pre-requisite skill, minimal performance, basic, proficient,
and advanced. A combination of professional judgment (involving educators from around
Wisconsin) and statistical analysis is used to link assessment scores with proficiency levels. See
http://dpi.wi.gov/dpi/oea/profdesc.html for more information about the proficiency categories.

January, 2005 9
Frequently Asked Questions WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

What kinds of questions are on the test?

There are both selected-response (multiple-choice) and constructed-response (short answer)

items on the WKCE. Approximately 80% of a student’s score points will come from selected-
response items, and 20% from constructed-response items.

How can I help my students prepare for the test?

The best test preparation involves a rich, engaging curriculum coupled with ongoing assessment
that is integrated into instruction. Students should be familiar with the kinds of items they will
see on the test and with general test-taking strategies, but this should not be a major focus of
instruction.

10 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Characteristics of Mathematics Assessment

Characteristics of Mathematics Assessment

Constructed response—three score points: one point reports to assigned content category and two
points report to the mathematical process category.

Mathematics Tools (vary by grade)

Manipulatives (provided by test contractor): pattern blocks, tangrams, pentomino

Measuring Tools (provided by test contractor): ruler, protractor

Grade Level Tools Tool Features

3 ruler (U.S. customary and metric) ruler interval: 1/2 inch, centimeter
pattern blocks
4 ruler (U.S. customary and metric) ruler interval: 1/4 inch, centimeter
pattern blocks
pentomino (one asymmetrical shape used for
transformational geometry)
5 ruler (U.S. customary and metric) ruler interval: 1/8 inch, millimeter
pattern blocks
6 ruler (U.S. customary and metric) ruler interval: 1/16 inch,
protractor millimeter
tangrams
7 ruler (U.S. customary and metric) ruler interval: 1/16 inch,
protractor millimeter
8 ruler (U.S. customary and metric) ruler interval: 1/16 inch,
protractor millimeter
10 ruler (U.S. customary and metric) ruler interval: 1/16 inch,
protractor millimeter

Calculators (vary by grade, provided by school district)

• GRADES 3 and 4
Calculator use is PROHIBITED for all sessions of the test.

• GRADES 5, 6, 7 and 8
Four-function calculator availability is REQUIRED for most sessions of the test.

• All students may use a scientific calculator.

• Districts may permit use of a graphing calculator.

1. Graphing calculator memory must be cleared.

2. Calculators with QWERTY keyboards, infrared capabilities and those that
perform symbolic manipulation are not permitted.

January, 2005 11
Characteristics of Mathematics Assessment WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

• GRADE 10
Scientific or graphing calculator availability is REQUIRED for most sessions of the
test.

• Districts may permit use of a graphing calculator.

1. Graphing calculator memory must be cleared.

2. Calculators with QWERTY keyboards, infrared capabilities, and those that
perform symbolic manipulation are not permitted.

Suggestions for managing calculator use and test security.

• borrow classroom sets from grades or academic areas not being tested
• encourage teachers to have students bring their own calculator on test day
• provide teachers with extra calculators to use if needed
1. borrow calculators from other grades or classes
2. purchase additional calculators
• at grades 5-8, avoid graphing calculator use during pilot testing in May and December 2004
1. if teachers are unfamiliar with clearing memory
2. if students do not regularly use them in class
Graphing calculator use is a district decision to be made before the Fall 2005 WKCE testing window.
Use of graphing calculators should be based on the district’s mathematics curriculum as well as
customary classroom practice. Graphing calculators offer no advantage to test takers, but students in
some grades and in some classrooms may be more familiar with such calculators where they are
routinely used. The memory function of all graphing calculators permitted at a testing site must be
cleared both before and after each testing session.

The information on the following pages provides a framework to describe what skills in mathematics
are being tested at each grade. The descriptions of the reporting categories by objectives and sub-
skills provide information about the range and coverage of the mathematics test at each grade. The
descriptors represent the item content specifications used to develop customized items for each test
form at each grade. The descriptors further offer teachers insight into the test content in order to
develop instructional strategies to prepare students for successful performance on the test.

12 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Constructed Response Rubric

Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Examinations

Criterion Referenced Test
Mathematics Rubrics

Grades 3-8 Rubric for Brief Constructed Response Questions

2 points The student demonstrates a thorough understanding of the mathematical

concepts and/or procedures represented in the problem. The student uses
appropriate mathematical procedures and/or concepts to explain or
justify the response to Step A, and provides clear and complete
explanations and interpretations containing words, calculations, or
symbols, unless otherwise specified in the item stem.
The response may contain minor flaws that do not detract from the
demonstration of a thorough understanding of the problem.
1 point The student demonstrates only a partial understanding of the
mathematical concepts and/or procedures represented in the problem.
The response lacks an essential understanding of the underlying
mathematical concepts used to provide the response to Step A.
The response contains errors related to the misinterpretation of important
aspects of the problem, misuse of mathematical procedures and/or
concepts, or misinterpretation of results.
0 points The student provides a completely incorrect explanation or justification,
or one that cannot be interpreted.
At grades 3-8, the brief constructed response questions are worth a total of 3 points which are
assigned as follows:
• 1 point: Mathematical Content
• 2 points: Mathematical Process

The item bank contains constructed response items from all mathematics objectives:
• Mathematical Process
• Number Operations and Relationships
• Geometry
• Measurement
• Statistics and Probability
• Algebraic Relationships

January, 2005 13
Constructed Response Rubric WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Examinations

Criterion Referenced Test
Mathematics Rubrics

Grade 10 Rubric for Brief Constructed Response Questions

2 points The student demonstrates a thorough understanding of the mathematical concepts

and/or procedures represented in the problem. The student responds correctly to
the problem, uses mathematical procedures and/or concepts, and provides clear
and complete explanations and interpretations containing words, diagrams, or
calculations unless otherwise specified. The response may contain minor flaws
that do not detract from the demonstration of a thorough understanding of the
problem.

1 point The student provides a response that is only partially correct. The student
provides a correct solution, but may demonstrate a misunderstanding of the
underlying mathematical concepts and/or procedures. The student provides a
correct solution, but in place of showing his/her work writes, “I used my
calculator.” The student provides a thorough demonstration of understanding the
problem, but states an incorrect solution or conclusion.

0 points The student provides a completely incorrect solution, a response that cannot be
interpreted, or no response at all.

Grade 10 Rubric for Extended Constructed Response Questions

4 points The student demonstrates a thorough understanding of the mathematical concepts

and/or procedures represented in the problem. The student responds correctly to
the problem, uses mathematical procedures and/or concepts, and provides clear
and complete explanations and interpretations containing words, diagrams, or
calculations unless otherwise specified.

The response may contain minor flaws that do not detract from the demonstration
of a thorough understanding of the problem.

3 points The student demonstrates an understanding of the mathematical concepts and/or

procedures represented in the problem. The student’s response to the problem is
essentially correct. The mathematical procedures and/or concepts used and the
explanations and interpretations provided demonstrate an essential but less than
thorough understanding of the problem.

14 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Constructed Response Rubric

3 points (continued)
The response may contain minor errors that reflect inattentive execution of
mathematical procedures and/or concepts, or minor errors indicating of some
misunderstanding of the underlying mathematical concepts and/or procedures.

2 points The student demonstrates only a partial understanding of the mathematical

concepts and/or procedures represented in the problem. Although the student may
have used the correct approach to obtain a solution or may have provided a
correct solution, the response lacks an essential understanding of the underlying
mathematical concepts.

The response contains errors related to the misinterpretation of important aspects

of the problem, misuse of mathematical procedures and/or concepts, or
misinterpretation of results.

1 point The student demonstrates a very limited understanding of the mathematical

concepts and/or procedures represented in the problem. The response is
incomplete and exhibits many flaws. Although the response may have addressed
some of the conditions of the problem, the conclusion is inadequate and/or
includes reasoning that was faulty or incomplete.

The response exhibits many errors or may be incomplete.

0 points The student provides a completely incorrect solution, a response that cannot be
interpreted, or no response at all.

* The student will not receive points for writing, “I used my calculator” on any part of the problem in place
of showing his/her work.

The item bank for brief constructed response and extended constructed response questions
contains items from all mathematics objectives:
• Mathematical Process
• Number Operations and Relationships
• Geometry
• Measurement
• Statistics and Probability
• Algebraic Relationships

January, 2005 15
Contact Information Wisconsin Mathematics Assessment Framework

Whom can I contact with questions or suggestions?

We welcome your questions and suggestions! Please contact:

Laura J. Moranchek
Mathematics Assessment Consultant
Office of Educational Accountability

(608) 267-5153 Office

(608) 266-8770 FAX

laura.moranchek@dpi.wi.gov

Mailing address:

Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction

P.O. Box 7841
Madison, WI 53707-7841

There is a questionnaire at the end of this document with some questions that are of interest to us
for evaluating the mathematics framework. Please take a moment to complete the survey and
return it to us.

16 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Beginning of Grade 3
Grade Level Framework

Beginning of Grade 3

How to use the Framework

The mathematics assessment framework is an indication of the knowledge and skills that will be assessed on the
November WKCE. This information does not replace your local curriculum. However, you may wish to ensure
that your local curriculum includes the knowledge and skills described in the framework.

This section of the framework describes the types of content that students may encounter on the WKCE

The knowledge and skills to be assessed are organized into objectives, subskills, and descriptors as shown below.
WKCE results will be reported by objectives and subskill.

A. Objective: A group of cognitively related skills.

A.a. Subskill: A group of related knowledge and skills that may include, but is not limited to, the
descriptors that follow.
• Descriptor: an example of a specific knowledge or skill that may be assessed.

Objectives, Subskills, and Descriptors

Objective Mathematical Processes

A:
Students will effectively use mathematical knowledge, skills and strategies related to reasoning,
communication, connections, representation and problem solving.

Descriptors, such as but not limited to

• Use reasoning and logic to:

ƒ Perceive patterns
ƒ Identify relationships
ƒ Formulate questions
ƒ Pose problems
ƒ Make conjectures
ƒ Justify strategies
ƒ Test reasonableness of results

• Communicate mathematical ideas and reasoning using the vocabulary of mathematics in a variety of
ways e.g., using words, numbers, symbols, pictures, charts, tables, diagrams, graphs, and models.
• Connect mathematics to the real world, as well as within mathematics.

• Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.

• Solve and analyze routine and non-routine problems.

January, 2005 17
Beginning of Grade 3 WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Objective Number Operations and Relationships

B:
Subskill Concepts
B.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Recognize and apply place-value concepts to whole numbers less than 1,000

• Read, write, and represent numbers using words, numerals, pictures (e.g. base-ten blocks), number
lines, , arrays, expanded forms (24=20+4) and symbolic renaming e.g., 24=30-6.

• Compare and order whole numbers less than 1,000

• Count by 2s, 3s, 5s, 10s, 25s and 100s

• Count, compare and make change using a collection of coins (up to one dollar) and one-dollar bills.

• Identify a fractional part of a collection/set.

Read, write and represent fractional parts of a whole e.g., 1/4, 1/2.

Subskill Computation
B.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use addition and subtraction in everyday situations and solve one-step word problems.

• Solve single and double-digit addition and subtraction problems with regrouping including horizontal
format in problems with and without context.

• Demonstrate the concept of multiplication as grouping or repeated addition in context with products
up to 50.
• Demonstrate understanding of the concept of division as repeated subtraction, partitioning/sharing or
measuring (dividend up to 30 and divisors up to 5).
• Use fractions to represent quantities when solving problems involving equal sharing or partitioning.

• Represent with shaded circles, rods, squares, pictorial representations of a whole.

• Estimate sums to tens and hundreds and differences to ten.

• Determine reasonableness of answers.

Objective Geometry
C:
Subskill Describing figures
C.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Identify, describe, and compare properties of 2 and 3 dimensional figures such as squares, triangles,
rectangles, circles, pattern block shapes, cubes, pyramids, rectangular prisms, cylinders, and spheres
(e.g., comparing sides, faces, corners, and edges).

Subskill Spatial relationships and transformations

C.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Identify 2-dimensional geometric shapes created by combining or decomposing other shapes e.g.,
square/triangles; trapezoid/rhombus, triangle; hexagon/triangles, rhombus, trapezoid.
• Apply concepts of single-motion geometry (e.g., slides, flips and turns) to match two identical
shapes.
Subskill Coordinate systems
C.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use simple 2-dimensional coordinate systems to find locations on maps and to represent points and
simple figures with coordinates of letters and numbers,
(e.g., (E, 3)).

18 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Beginning of Grade 3

Objective Measurement
D:
Subskill Measurable attributes
D.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Describe attributes of length, time and temperature and identify appropriate units to measure them.
Units include: inches, feet, yards, centimeters, meters, seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, years
and degrees Fahrenheit/Celsius.
• Compare attributes of length and weight by observation or when given actual measurements.

Subskill Direct measurement

D.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Read and interpret measuring instruments to determine the measurement of objects with non-standard
and standard units to the nearest centimeter or 1/2-inch.
• Read thermometers to the nearest 5 degrees F/C.

• Tell time to the nearest minute using analog and digital clocks; translate time from analog to digital
clocks and vice versa.
• Investigate measurements of area.

Subskill Indirect measurement

D.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Apply estimation techniques using non-standard units.

Objective Statistics and Probability

E:
Subskill Data analysis and statistics
E.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Answer and pose questions about collecting, organizing and displaying data. Work with data in the
context of real-world situations by determining what data to collect and when and how to collect it to
answer questions.

• Collect, organize and display data in simple bar graphs and charts including translating data from one
form to the other.

• Draw reasonable conclusions based on simple interpretations of data.

• Read, use information and draw reasonable conclusions from data in graphs, tables, charts and Venn
diagrams.

Subskill Probability
E.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Determine if the occurrence of future events are more, less or equally likely to occur.

• Choose a fair and an unfair spinner.

January, 2005 19
Beginning of Grade 3 WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Objective Algebraic Relationships

F:
Subskill Patterns, relations and functions
F.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Recognize, extend, describe, create and replicate a variety of patterns including attribute, number and
geometric patterns.
Such as:
• Picture patterns
• Patterns in tables and charts
• “What’s-my–rule?” patterns
• Patterns using addition and subtraction rules.
Focusing on relationships within patterns as well as extending patterns e.g., patterns and relationships
represented with pictures, tables and charts, and “what’s-my–rule?” patterns using addition and
subtraction rules.
• Determine odd or even with a total set of 20 or less.

Subskill Expressions, equations and inequalities

F.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Demonstrate an understanding that the “=” sign means “the same as” by solving open or true/false
number sentences.
• Use notation to represent mathematical thinking: letter or box (variable); operation symbols (+, -, =).
Subskill Properties
F.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use properties and or relationships of arithmetical thinking to determine and to reason about what
number goes in a “box” to make a number sentence true,
• identity property of e.g., zero Ex: property 12 + 0 = “box”
adding 1 to any number, commutative property for addition of single-digits
• Use simple equations in a variety of ways to demonstrate the properties above.

20 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Beginning of Grade 4

Grade Level Framework

Beginning of Grade 4

How to use the Framework

The mathematics assessment framework is an indication of the knowledge and skills that will be assessed on the
November WKCE. This information does not replace your local curriculum. However, you may wish to ensure
that your local curriculum includes the knowledge and skills described in the framework.

This section of the framework describes the types of content that students may encounter on the WKCE

The knowledge and skills to be assessed are organized into objectives, subskills, and descriptors as shown below.
WKCE results will be reported by objectives and subskill.

A. Objective: A group of cognitively related skills.

A.a. Subskill: A group of related knowledge and skills that may include, but is not limited to, the
descriptors that follow.
• Descriptor: an example of a specific knowledge or skill that may be assessed.

Objectives, Subskills, and Descriptors

Objective Mathematical Processes

A:
Students will effectively use mathematical knowledge, skills and strategies related to reasoning,
communication, connections, representation and problem solving.
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use reasoning and logic to:
ƒ Perceive patterns
ƒ Identify relationships
ƒ Formulate questions
ƒ Pose problems
ƒ Make conjectures
ƒ Justify strategies
ƒ Test reasonableness of results
• Communicate mathematical ideas and reasoning using the vocabulary of mathematics in a variety of
ways e.g., using words, numbers, symbols, pictures, charts, tables, diagrams, graphs, and models.

• Connect mathematics to the real world, as well as within mathematics.

• Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.

• Solve and analyze routine and non-routine problems.

Objective Number Operations and Relationships

B:
Subskill Concepts
B.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Recognize and apply place-value concepts to whole numbers less than 10,000.

• Read, write, and represent numbers using words, numerals, pictures (e.g. base ten blocks), number
lines, , arrays, expanded forms (243=200+40+3) and symbolic renaming e.g., 243=250-7.

January, 2005 21
Beginning of Grade 4 WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

• Compare and order whole numbers less than 10,000

• Count by 2s, 3s, 5s, 10s, 25s and 100s starting with any multiple and 100s starting with any number.
• Identify and name counting patterns
• Count, compare and make change up to $10.00 using a collection of coins and one-dollar bills..

• Identify a fractional part of a collection/set or parts of a whole.

Read, write, order and represent unit fractions (e.g.,1/2, 1/3, 1/4) and part(s) of a set.
Subskill Computation
B.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use addition and subtraction in everyday situations and solve one-and two-step word problems

• Solve double-and triple-digit addition and subtraction problems with regrouping in horizontal and
vertical format in problems with and without context.
• Demonstrate understanding of multiplication as grouping or repeated addition or arrays in problems
with and without context (without context up to 5 x 9; in context products up to 100).
• Demonstrate understanding of the concept of division as repeated subtraction, partitioning/sharing or
measuring (dividend up to 45 and divisors up to 5).

• Use fractions to represent quantities when solving problems involving equal sharing or partitioning
including fractions less than one as well as mixed numbers.

Represent with shaded circles, rods, squares or pictorial representations of objects (for a set).
• Estimate sums to tens, hundreds and thousands and differences of ten and hundreds.

• Determine reasonableness of answers.

Objective Geometry
C:
Subskill Describe figures
C.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to;
• Identify, describe, and compare properties of 2 and 3 dimensional figures such as squares, triangles,
rectangles, pentagon, hexagon, octagon, pattern block shapes, circles, cubes, pyramids, rectangular
prisms, tetrahedrons, cylinders, and spheres (e.g., comparing sides, faces, corners, and edges).

Subskill Spatial relationships and transformations

C.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Create and identify 2-dimensional geometric shapes by combining or decomposing other shapes.

• Identify cubes and square pyramid shapes from their nets (flat patterns).

• Apply concepts of single-motion geometry (e.g., slides, flips and turns) to match two identical
shapes.
Subskill Coordinate Systems
C.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use simple 2-dimensional coordinate systems to find locations on maps and to represent points and
simple figures with coordinates using letters and numbers,
(e.g., (E, 3)).

• Identify and use relationships among figures (e.g., location, position and intersection).

22 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Beginning of Grade 4

Objective Measurement
D:
Subskill Measurable attributes
D.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Describe attributes of length, time, temperature, liquid capacity, weight/mass, volume and identify
appropriate units to measure them. Units include: inches, feet, yards, miles, meters, centimeters,
millimeters, cups quarts, gallons, liters, seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, years, ounces,
pounds, grams and degrees Fahrenheit/Celsius.
• Compare attributes of length, volume and weight by observation or when given actual measurements.

• Make measurement conversions within a system (e.g., yards to feet; feet to inches; hours to minutes;
days to hours; years to months; gallons to quarts).

Subskill Direct measurement

D.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Read and interpret and use measuring instruments to determine the measurement of objects with non-
standard and standard units to the nearest centimeter, 1/4-inch.

• Read thermometers to the nearest 5 degrees F/C.

• Tell time to the nearest minute and translate time from analog to digital clocks and vice versa.
• Determine and compare elapsed time in multiples of 15 minutes in problem-solving situations.

• Investigate measurements of area and perimeter.

Subskill Indirect measurement
D.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Apply estimation techniques using non-standard units.

Objective Statistics and Probability

E:
Subskill Data analysis and statistics
E.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Answer and pose questions about collecting, organizing and displaying data. Work with data in the
context of real-world situations by formulating questions that lead to data collection and analysis and
determining what data to collect and when and how to collect the data.

• Collect, organize and display data in simple bar graphs and charts, including translating data from
one form to the other.

• Draw reasonable conclusions based on simple interpretations of data.

• Read, use information and draw reasonable conclusions from data in graphs, tables, charts and Venn
diagrams.
Subskill Probability
E.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Determine if the occurrence of future events are more, less or equally likely to occur.

• Design a fair and an unfair spinner.

• Predict the outcomes of a simple event using words to describe probability.

Ex: Flipping a coin has a 1 out of 2 chance of getting a head.

• Describe and determine the number of combinations for choosing 2 out of 3 items.
Ex: Red hat, blue jacket and green jacket. What are the combinations of wearing a hat and a jacket?

January, 2005 23
Beginning of Grade 4 WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Objective Algebraic Relationships

F:
Subskill Patterns, relations and functions
F.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Recognize, extend, describe, create and replicate a variety of patterns including attribute, number and
geometric patterns.
Such as:
• Picture patterns
• Patterns in tables and charts
• “What’s-my–rule?” patterns
• Patterns using addition and subtraction rules.
Focusing on relationships within patterns as well as extending patterns e.g., patterns and relationships
represented with pictures, tables and charts; “what’s-my–rule?” patterns using addition and
subtraction rules.

• Determine odd or even.

Subskill Expressions, equations and inequalities
F.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Demonstrate an understanding that the “ =” sign means “the same as” by solving open or true/false
number sentences.
• Use notation to represent mathematical thinking: letter or box (variable); operation symbols (+, - , =).
• Demonstrate a basic understanding of equality and inequality using symbols (<, >, =) with simple
addition and subtraction.
Subskill Properties
F.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use properties and relationships of arithmetic to determine what number goes in a “box” to make a
number sentence true,
• Identity property of zero Ex: 12 + 0 =”box”
• Identity property of one Ex: 5 x 1 = “box”
• Commutative property for addition of single-digits
• Associative property
• Use simple equations in a variety of ways to demonstrate the properties above.

24 January, 2005
 WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Beginning of Grade 5

Grade Level Framework

Beginning of Grade 5

How to use the Framework

The mathematics assessment framework is an indication of the knowledge and skills that will be assessed on the November
WKCE. This information does not replace your local curriculum. However, you may wish to ensure that your local
curriculum includes the knowledge and skills described in the framework.

This section of the framework describes the types of content that students may encounter on the WKCE

The knowledge and skills to be assessed are organized into objectives, subskills, and descriptors as shown below. WKCE
results will be reported by objectives and subskill.

A. Objective: A group of cognitively related skills.

A.a. Subskill: A group of related knowledge and skills that may include, but is not limited to, the descriptors
that follow.
• Descriptor: an example of a specific knowledge or skill that may be assessed.

Objectives, Subskills, and Descriptors

Objective Mathematical Processes

A:
Students will effectively use mathematical knowledge, skills and strategies related to reasoning,
communication, connections, representation and problem solving.
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use reasoning and logic to:
ƒ Perceive patterns
ƒ Identify relationships
ƒ Formulate questions
ƒ Pose problems
ƒ Make conjectures
ƒ Justify strategies
ƒ Test reasonableness of results
• Communicate mathematical ideas and reasoning using the vocabulary of mathematics in a variety of ways
e.g., using words, numbers, symbols, pictures, charts, tables, diagrams, graphs, and models.

• Connect mathematics to the real world, as well as within mathematics.

• Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.

• Solve and analyze routine and non-routine problems.

Objective Number Operations and Relationships

B:
Subskill Concepts
B.a.:

Descriptors, such as but not limited to

• Recognize and apply place-value concepts to whole numbers less than 1,000,000
• Read, write, and represent numbers using words, numerals, pictures (e.g.,. base ten blocks), number lines, ,
arrays, expanded forms (243=200+40+3) and symbolic renaming e.g., 243=250-7.
Compare and order numbers less than 10,000 represented in numbers, arrays, symbols (<, > , =) and words.
•

January, 2005 25
 Beginning of Grade 5 WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

• Use basic facts to determine the first ten multiples of 2-10 and determine factors for numbers up to 100.
Recognize the divisibility potential of numbers (divisors of 2, 5, 10, 25)
Count using whole numbers less than 10,000 and by any number 1-12 and ‘friendly numbers’ through 100.
(ex. 20, 25, etc.)
• Read, write, represent, count, compare and order, and make change using a collection of coins and bills
equal to and less than $20.00.

• Read, write and identify, equivalent fractions (1/4s, 1/2s, 1/8s, 1/10s, 1/16s)
Represent fractions (1/4s, 1/2s, 1/8s, 1/10s, 1/16s) using numbers, pictures (e.g. drawings or base ten
blocks), and number lines.

Order and compare fractions (1/4s, 1/2s, 1/8s, 1/10s, 1/16s)represented numerically or as models ( including
parts of a set and parts of a whole)
Rename improper fractions to mixed numbers.

Subskill Computation
B.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use all operations in everyday situations to solve single or multi-step word problems.
• Solve three-and four-digit addition and subtraction with regrouping; multiplication of two-digit by one-digit
numbers; division with single-digit divisors and two-digit dividends and with two-step or mixed operation
problems with single-digit numbers.

Add and subtract decimals in the context of money.

• Solve problems using basic multiplication and division facts.

• Add and subtract fractions with like denominators.

• Estimate: multiplication of two-digit by one-digit problems, addition and subtraction of decimals using
money, and division in context
• Determine reasonableness of answers.

Objective Geometry
C:
Subskill Describe figures
C.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Identify, describe and compare properties of 2-and 3-dimensional figures, comparing sides, faces, vertices
and edges of regular figures including parallel and perpendicular lines and line segments.

• Determine the number of faces, edges and vertices given an illustration of a 3-dimensional figure.
Subskill Spatial relationships and transformations
C.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use pattern blocks and dot paper (geoboards) to describe, model and construct plane figures.
• Identify cubes, rectangular and triangular prisms and rectangular and triangular pyramids from simple nets
(flat patterns).

• Use slides, flips and turns on figures. Identify congruent shapes using figures that have been manipulated
by one or two motions (slides, flips and turns).
• Discern a shape with one line of symmetry.
• Identify and describe 3-dimensional figures from multiple perspectives.

Subskill Coordinate systems

C.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use simple 2-dimensional coordinate systems to identify or plot locations on maps and to represent points
and simple figures with coordinates using letters and numbers,
(e.g., (E, 3)).
• Identify and use relationships among figures (e.g., location, position and intersection).

26 January, 2005
 WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Beginning of Grade 5

Objective Measurement
D:
Subskill Measurable attributes
D.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Identify appropriate units to measure length, liquid capacity, volume, weight/mass, time, temperature. Units
include: inches, feet, yards, miles, millimeters, centimeters, meters, kilometers, ounces, cups quarts,
gallons, liters, seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, years, ounces, pounds, grams, kilograms and degrees
Fahrenheit/Celsius.
• Compare attributes of length and weight by direct observation or when given actual measurements.
• Make measurement conversions within a system between units (e.g., feet and yards; inches and feet; quarts
and gallons; meters and centimeters; minutes and hours; hours and days; months and years).
Subskill Direct measurement
D.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Read, interpret and use measuring instruments to determine the measurement of objects with non- standard
and standard units to the nearest ¼- inch or centimeter.
• Read thermometers to the nearest five degrees F/C and read a scale to the nearest ounce or five grams.

• Translate time on an analog clock to a digital clock and vice versa.

• Determine and compare elapsed time in problem-solving situations.

Subskill Indirect Measurement
D.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Estimate measurement using U.S customary and metric measurements.
• Determine perimeter and area of regular shapes and the area of plane rectangular shapes.
Determine perimeter and area of irregular shapes when given a reference tool such as a grid.

Objective Statistics and Probability

E:
Subskill Data analysis and statistics
E.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Formulate questions to collect, organize and display data.
• Collect, organize and display data in appropriate graphs or charts.

• Draw reasonable conclusions based on contextual data.

• Use data to predict outcomes or trends from graph or table.

• Read and interpret information from single bar graphs, line plots, picture graphs and Venn diagrams.

• Describe a given set of data of seven items/numbers or fewer using the terms range, mode and median in
problems with and without context.
Subskill Probability
E.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Determine if future events are more, less or equally likely, impossible or certain to occur.
• Choose or design an event that is fair or unfair.

• Predict the outcomes of a simple event using words to describe probability and test predictions using data
from a variety of sources.

• Describe and determine the number of combinations for choosing 2 out of 4 items
Ex: What are the possible combinations when selecting 2 items from a menu of 4 items (chips, cookie,
pizza, banana, etc.)?

January, 2005 27
Beginning of Grade 5 WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Objective Algebraic Relationships

F:
Subskill Patterns, relations and functions
F.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Recognize, extend, describe, create and replicate a variety of patterns including attribute, numeric and
geometric patterns.
• Represent patterns and relationships with pictures, tables and charts.
• Describe a rule that explains a functional relationship or pattern using addition, subtraction or
multiplication rules.
• Determine a future event in a pattern up to the eighth item when given the first five.
Subskill Expressions, equations and inequalities
F.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Solve simple one-step open sentences involving all operations in context.
• Demonstrate a basic understanding of equality and inequality using symbols (<, >, =) with all
operations.
• Solve simple one-step open sentences including missing factor in problems with and without context
e.g., “box” or letter variable and whole number coefficients.
• Represent problem situations with one-step equations involving multiplication and division with
simple open sentences.
• Represent problem situations with one-step equations or expressions using one of the four operations.
Subskill Properties
F.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use the commutative property of multiplication with positive single digits.
• Use the inverse relationship of division and multiplication with single digit, whole numbers.
• Demonstrate understanding of order of operations by solving two-step open sentences involving all
operations.

28 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Beginning of Grade 6
Grade Level Framework

Beginning of Grade 6

How to use the Framework

The mathematics assessment framework is an indication of the knowledge and skills that will be assessed on the
November WKCE. This information does not replace your local curriculum. However, you may wish to ensure
that your local curriculum includes the knowledge and skills described in the framework.

This section of the framework describes the types of content that students may encounter on the WKCE

The knowledge and skills to be assessed are organized into objectives, subskills, and descriptors as shown below.
WKCE results will be reported by objectives and subskill.

A. Objective: A group of cognitively related skills.

A.a. Subskill: A group of related knowledge and skills that may include, but is not limited to, the
descriptors that follow.
• Descriptor: an example of a specific knowledge or skill that may be assessed.

Objectives, Subskills, and Descriptors

Objective Mathematical Processes
A:
Students will effectively use mathematical knowledge, skills and strategies related to reasoning,
communication, connections, representation and problem solving.
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use reasoning and logic to:
ƒ Perceive patterns
ƒ Identify relationships
ƒ Formulate questions
ƒ Pose problems
ƒ Make conjectures
ƒ Justify strategies
ƒ Test reasonableness of results
• Communicate mathematical ideas and logical reasoning using the vocabulary of mathematics in a
variety of ways e.g., using words, numbers, symbols, pictures, charts, tables, diagrams, graphs, and
models.
• Connect mathematics to the real world, as well as within mathematics.
• Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.
• Solve and analyze routine and non-routine problems.
Objective Number Operations and Relationships
B:
Subskill
Concepts
B.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Recognize and apply place-value concepts to whole numbers less than 10,000,000.

• Read, write and represent numbers using words, numerals, pictures (base-ten blocks), number lines, ,
arrays, expanded forms (12,436=10,000+2,000+400+30+6) and symbolic renaming e.g.,
12,436=12,450-14.
• Compare and order numbers less than 100,000 represented in numbers, arrays, symbols (<, >, =) and
words.
• Identify and use number theory concepts:
ƒ prime and composite numbers
ƒ divisibility potential of numbers (divisors of 1-10, 25).
ƒ least common multiples through 24
greatest common factors through 50

January, 2005 29
Beginning of Grade 6 WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

• Read, write and identify monetary amounts represented with visual models.

Compare and order monetary amounts.

Equate a monetary value with its benchmark fraction and percent. (Eg. $.25=1/4=25%)
• Demonstrate basic understanding of proportionality in proportional contexts.

• Read, write, identify, order, compare and mixed fractions.

Represent fractions using numbers, pictures, and number lines.

Rename improper fractions to mixed numbers in lowest terms.

Identify and represent equivalence between fractions, percents, and decimals.

Subskill Computation
B.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use all operations in everyday situations to solve single or multi-step word problems.

• Solve three and four-digit addition and subtraction with regrouping, multiplication of three-digit by
two-digit numbers, division with single-digit divisors and four-digit dividends with two-step or
mixed operation problems.

Compute with decimals in the context of money and make change.

• Solve problems using basic multiplication and division facts.
• Rename improper fractions.

Add and subtract fractions with unlike denominators (halves, thirds, fourths, fifths, and tenths) with
sums or differences between 0 and 1.
• Estimate using basic whole number operations, benchmark fractions and benchmark decimals.

• Determine reasonableness of answers.

Objective Geometry
C:
Subskill Describing figures
C.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Recognize and name polygons with 3, 4, 5, 6 or 8 sides.

• Identify lines and line segments in a plane figure.

• Classify plane figures by characteristics of angles (acute, obtuse and right) and describe rays found in
open-angle situations.

Subskill Spatial relationships and transformations

C.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use tangrams to describe, model, and construct plane figures.

• Identify figures that are congruent and/or similar.

• Describe and compare cubes, rectangular and triangular prisms and rectangular and triangular
pyramids from nets (flat patterns).

• Use slides, flips and turns on figures. Identify congruent shapes using figures that have been
manipulated by one or two motions (slides, flips and turns).

• Identify lines of symmetry and the number of lines of symmetry in figures and design shapes that
have at least one line of symmetry.

• Identify and describe 3-dimensional figures from multiple perspectives.

30 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Beginning of Grade 6

Subskill Coordinate systems

C.c.:
• Identify and plot the coordinates of locations or objects on simple one quadrant grids using numbers
only for coordinates, (e.g., (3, 2)).
• Locate the fourth coordinate pair when given three vertices of a rectangle or parallelogram on a
coordinate grid.

Objective Measurement
D:
Subskill Measurable attributes
D.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Identify appropriate units to measure length, liquid capacity, volume, time, weight/mass,
temperature, including mixed measures. Units include: inches, feet, yards,(i.e. 1 foot 3 inches) miles,
centimeters, millimeters, meters, kilometers, ounces, cups quarts, gallons, liters, hours, minutes,
seconds (i.e. 1 hour 15 minutes) , days, months, years, ounces, pounds, grams, kilograms and degrees
Fahrenheit/Celsius.
• Compare attributes of length, volume and weight by observation or when given actual measurements.

• Make measurement conversions within a system between units (e.g., feet and yards; inches and yards;
quarts and gallons; meters and centimeters; seconds and hours).

Subskill Direct measurement

D.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Measure down to the nearest -1/8-inch, centimeter or millimeter.
Determine angle measurement to nearest five degrees using a protractor.
• Read and interpret measuring instruments to determine the measurement of objects with standard
units (U.S. customary).
• Determine and compare elapsed time in problem-solving situations.
Subskill Indirect measurement
D.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Estimate measurements using U.S. customary and metric measurement.

• Determine the area of regular shapes including right triangles.

• Determine distance between points using a scale.

Objective Statistics and Probability

E:
Subskill Data analysis and statistics
E.a:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Formulate questions to collect, organize and display data.

• Collect, organize and display data in appropriate graphs or charts.

• Draw reasonable conclusions based on contextual data.

• Use data to predict outcomes or trends from graphs and tables.

• Extract, interpret and analyze data from single bar graphs, tables and charts, line plots, context, circle
graphs and Venn diagrams.

• Describe a given set of data of ten or fewer items/numbers using the terms mean, median, mode and
range to extract information from organized charts, tables, graphs and Venn diagrams in problems
with and without context.

January, 2005 31
Beginning of Grade 6 WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Subskill Probability
E.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Determine the likelihood of future events, predict outcomes of future events and test predictions
using data from a variety of sources.
• Choose or design an event that is fair or unfair.
• Determine the probability of events in context using words, percents or fractions.
• Describe and determine the number of combinations of selecting 3 items from 4 or more items.

Objective Algebraic Relationships

F:
Subskill Patterns, relations and functions
F.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Recognize, extend, describe, create and replicate a variety of patterns including attribute, numeric and
geometric patterns.

• Represent patterns and relationships with pictures, table and charts.

• Describe a rule that explains a functional relationship or pattern using addition, subtraction or
multiplication rules.
• Determine a future event in a pattern up to the tenth item when given the first five.

• Solve simple two-step, two operation patterns.

Ex: 5, 8, 6, 9, 7, 10, 8……..
(Pattern: +3-2….)Represent patterns and relationships with pictures, table and charts.
Subskill Expressions, equations and inequalities
F.b:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Demonstrate basic understanding of equality and inequality using symbols (<, >, =) with multi-step,
mixed operations.
• Solve one-step equations with “box” variable and whole number coefficients in problems with and
without context using whole number coefficients.

• Solve two-step multi-operation equations with “box” or letter variable and whole number coefficients
with and without context.
Ex: 3 * ”box” +1 = 7

• Represent problem situations with one or two-step equations or expressions. Solve simple two-step,
two operation patterns.

• Solve two-step open sentences involving all operations.

• Solve equations involving any two operations.

Ex: 3 * 4 -2=?
Ex: 12/3 +1=”box”
Ex: 5 * 2 – 1 = a

Subskill Properties
F.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use the commutative property of multiplication with positive single digits.
• Use the inverse relationship of division and multiplication with single whole digits.
• Simplify (evaluate) two-step numerical expressions using correct order of operations.

• Demonstrate understanding of distributive property.

• Demonstrate understanding of order of operations by solving two-step open sentences involving all
operations.

32 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Beginning of Grade 7
Grade Level Framework

Beginning of Grade 7

How to use the Framework

The mathematics assessment framework is an indication of the knowledge and skills that will be assessed on the
November WKCE. This information does not replace your local curriculum. However, you may wish to ensure
that your local curriculum includes the knowledge and skills described in the framework.

This section of the framework describes the types of content that students may encounter on the WKCE

The knowledge and skills to be assessed are organized into objectives, subskills, and descriptors as shown below.
WKCE results will be reported by objectives and subskill.

A. Objective: A group of cognitively related skills.

A.a. Subskill: A group of related knowledge and skills that may include, but is not limited to, the
descriptors that follow.
• Descriptor: an example of a specific knowledge or skill that may be assessed.

Objectives, Subskills, and Descriptors

Objective Mathematical Processes
A:
Students will effectively use mathematical knowledge, skills and strategies related to reasoning,
communication, connections, representation and problem solving.
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use reasoning and logic to:
ƒ Perceive patterns
ƒ Identify relationships
ƒ Formulate questions
ƒ Pose problems
ƒ Make conjectures
ƒ Justify strategies
ƒ Test reasonableness of results
• Communicate mathematical ideas and logical reasoning using the vocabulary of mathematics in a
variety of ways e.g., using words, numbers, symbols, pictures, charts, tables, diagrams, graphs, and
models.
• Connect mathematics to the real world, as well as within mathematics.
• Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.
• Solve and analyze routine and non-routine problems.

Objective Number Operations and Relationships

B:
Sub-skill
Concepts
B.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Recognize and apply place-value concepts to numbers less than 10,000,000 with decimals to the
thousandths place.
• Read, write and represent numbers using words, numerals, number lines, arrays, and expanded form
(12.09=10+2+.09) and symbolic renaming (12.09= 13-.91).

• Compare and order a set of fractions or decimals (to the hundredths place)
and use symbols (<, >, =, ≠, <, >).

• Identify and use number theory concepts:

ƒ prime and composite numbers
ƒ divisibility potential of numbers (divisors of 1-10, 25, and multiples of 10).
ƒ least common multiples
ƒ greatest common factor of two numbers

January, 2005 33
Beginning of Grade 7 WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

• Demonstrate understanding of fractions and benchmark percents in problems with context.

e.g., Joe got six questions correct and two were wrong, what percent did he get correct?.
• Apply proportional reasoning to a variety of problem situations. (E.g., comparisons and/or rates).

• Identify equivalent forms of fractions, decimals and percents.

Sub-skill Computation
B.b.:
• ƒ Use all operations in everyday situations (including monetary contexts) to solve single or
multi-step word problems.
ƒ Solve problems involving percents with and without context.
ƒ Add and subtract decimals including thousandths with and without context.
ƒ Multiply decimals including hundredths with and without context.
ƒ Divide decimals including hundredths by single-digit divisors in problems with and without
context.
• Demonstrate understanding of the concept of division of fractions in a contextual setting.

• Add, subtract, and multiply mixed numbers and fractions with like and unlike denominators.

• Estimate the sum, difference and product of whole numbers, common fractions, mixed numbers and
decimals to thousandths and estimate benchmark fractions.
• Determine reasonableness of answers.

Objective Geometry
C:
Sub-skill Describing figures
C.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Name regular and irregular polygons up to eight sides and identify and justify by characteristics
whether a shape is a polygon.
• Determine the number of faces, edges and vertices given an illustration of a 3-dimensional figure.

• Classify shapes according to characteristics such as parallel and perpendicular lines; identify right,
acute and obtuse angles with varied orientations.
• Find the measure of the third angle of a triangle when given the measures of two interior angles.

• Decompose convex polygons into triangles using diagonals from a single vertex.

Sub-skill Spatial relationships and transformations

C.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Draw and/or describe a similar figure when given a polygon drawn on graph paper with vertices at
lattice points.

• Identify figures that are congruent and/or similar.

• Demonstrate understanding of similarity by finding the relationship between the sides of two figures.
• Draw or identify the image of a figure based on one or more transformations (reflection, rotation
and/or translation).
• Design symmetrical shapes.
Draw or identify lines of symmetry.
• Identify and describe 3-dimensional figures from multiple perspectives.
Sub-skill Coordinate systems
C.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Identify, locate, plot coordinates in the four quadrants and transformations of points across the x- or
y-axis.
• Locate or plot coordinates in the four quadrants using a geometric figure (e.g., transformations).

34 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Beginning of Grade 7

Objective Measurement
D:
Sub-skill
Measurable attributes
D.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Select the appropriate unit of measure to estimate the length, liquid capacity, volume, weight/mass of
everyday objects using U.S. customary and metric.

• Convert units within a system e.g., feet to yards; ounces to pounds; inches to feet; pints to quarts.
Approximate conversions of units between metric and U.S. customary systems using a model or in
context (quart/liter; yard/meter).
Sub-skill
Direct measurement
D.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Apply appropriate tools and techniques to measure down to the nearest 1/4-, 1/8- or 1/16-inch or nearest
centimeter or millimeter.
• Determine and compare elapsed time in problem-solving situations.

• Measure and/or draw angles up to 180 degrees.

Sub-skill
Indirect measurement
D.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Estimate area given a reference.

• Determine perimeter/circumference and area of squares, rectangles, triangles, parallelograms and

circles in real-world context.
• Determine the distance between points using a scale.

Objective Statistics and Probability

E:
Sub-skill Data analysis and statistics
E.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Summarize data sets in tables, charts and diagrams with and or without context.

• Evaluate a set of data to generate or confirm/deny hypotheses.

• Extract, interpret and analyze data from tables, simple stem-and-leaf plots, simple bar graphs, line
plots, line graphs, simple circle graphs, charts and diagrams.

• Create graph with one-variable data sets using simple stem-and-leaf plots, bar graphs, circle graphs,
line plots and line graphs; discuss appropriateness of graphs selected.
• Find mean, median (with odd set of data), mode and range of a set of data with and without context.
• Evaluate sources of data in context and multiple representations of a given data set.

Sub-skill Probability
E.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Determine the likelihood of an event and probability based on one independent event, e.g., spinning
the arrow on a spinner.
• Use probabilities to estimate outcomes and evaluate fair and unfair simple events.

• Use data from simulations provided in charts/tables to solve and interpret probability problems.
• Describe and determine the number of combinations of selecting 3 items from 4 or more items.
• Solve problems involving sample spaces or diagrams.
• Analyze outcomes based on an understanding of theoretical and experimental probability.

January, 2005 35
Beginning of Grade 7 WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Objective Algebraic Relationships

F:
Sub-skill Patterns, relations and functions
F.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use two concurrent numeric patterns to describe and analyze functional relationships between two
variables in two concurrent numeric patterns using addition and subtraction.

• Extend a given arithmetic sequence of pictures or numbers.

• Describe and interpret linear patterns in tables and graphs.

• Identify the rule to complete or extend a function table or any combination of the two using one
operation (+, -, x, ÷) and numbers (0 through 100) in the function table.

• Describe real-world phenomena represented by a graph. Describe real-world phenomena that a given
graph might represent.

Sub-skill Expressions, equations and inequalities

F.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Demonstrate understanding of equality and inequality and solve single-variable equations using
symbols (<, >, =+).
• Solve single-variable one-step equations and algebraic expressions with one variable and one
operation and whole number coefficients with and without context.
• Describe in words the generalization for a given one-operation pattern.
• Solve two-step multi-operation equations with letter variables and whole number coefficients with
and without context. Ex: 3x +1 = 7
• Represent problem situations with one or two-step equations or expressions.

• Describe in words the generalization for a given one-operation pattern.

• Evaluate formulas with and without context by solving for a specified variable.
Sub-skill Properties
F.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Identify a pair of equivalent numerical expressions where the commutative property of either addition
or multiplication has been used.
• Demonstrate understanding of up to three-step order of operations expression with and without
context using parentheses and exponents.

• Demonstrate understanding of distributive property.

36 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Beginning of Grade 8
Grade Level Framework

Beginning of Grade 8

How to use the Framework

The mathematics assessment framework is an indication of the knowledge and skills that will be assessed on the
November WKCE. This information does not replace your local curriculum. However, you may wish to ensure
that your local curriculum includes the knowledge and skills described in the framework.

This section of the framework describes the types of content that students may encounter on the WKCE

The knowledge and skills to be assessed are organized into objectives, subskills, and descriptors as shown below.
WKCE results will be reported by objectives and subskill.

A. Objective: A group of cognitively related skills.

A.a. Subskill: A group of related knowledge and skills that may include, but is not limited to, the
descriptors that follow.
• Descriptor: an example of a specific knowledge or skill that may be assessed.

Objectives, Subskills, and Descriptors

Objective Mathematical Processes
A:
Students will effectively use mathematical knowledge, skills and strategies related to reasoning,
communication, connections, representation and problem solving.
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use reasoning and logic to:
ƒ Perceive patterns
ƒ Identify relationships
ƒ Formulate questions
ƒ Pose problems
ƒ Make conjectures
ƒ Justify strategies
ƒ Test reasonableness of results
• Communicate mathematical ideas and logical reasoning using the vocabulary of mathematics in a
variety of ways e.g., using words, numbers, symbols, pictures, charts, tables, diagrams, graphs, and
models.
• Connect mathematics to the real world, as well as within mathematics.
• Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.
• Solve and analyze routine and non-routine problems.

Objective Number Operations and Relationships

B:
Subskill
Concepts
B.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Recognize and apply place-value concepts to numbers less than 100,000,000 with decimals to the
thousandths place.

• Read, write and represent numbers using words, numerals, number lines, arrays, and expanded form
(12.09=10+2+.09) and symbolic renaming (12.09= 13-.91).
• Compare and order a set of fractions or decimals (to the hundredths place)
and use symbols (<, >, =, ≠).
• Identify and use number theory concepts:
ƒ prime and composite numbers
ƒ divisibility potential of numbers (divisors of 1-10, 25, and multiples of 10).
ƒ least common multiples
ƒ greatest common factor of two numbers

January, 2005 37
Beginning of Grade 8 WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

• Demonstrate understanding of fractions and percents with and without contexts (e.g.,sales tax and
discounts, 40 is 25 percent of what number?; What number is 25 percent of 160?)
• Apply proportional reasoning to a variety of problem situations. (E.g. comparisons, rates, and
similarities).

• Identify equivalent forms of fractions, decimals and percents.

Subskill
Computation
B.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use all operations in everyday situations to solve single or multi-step word problems.

Solve problems involving percents with and without context.

• ƒ Add and subtract decimals including thousandths with and without text.
ƒ Multiply decimals and integers (-100 to 100) including thousandths with and without context.
(Ex. interest rates )
ƒ Divide decimals and integers in problems with and without context.
• Demonstrate understanding of the concept of division of fractions in a contextual setting.

• Add and subtract mixed numbers and fractions with unlike denominators, multiply mixed numbers.
• Estimate the sum, difference and product of whole numbers, common fractions, mixed numbers and
decimals to thousandths.
• Determine reasonableness of answers.

Objective Geometry
C:
Subskill Describing figures
C.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Name 3-dimensional figures (e.g., rectangular prisms, square pyramids, cones, cylinders and spheres.)

• Find the measure of the third angle of a triangle when given the measures of two interior or exterior
angles.
• Determine the sum of the angles of a polygon using diagonals drawn from one vertex.

• Determine the measure of an angle in a drawing of an adjacent and supplementary or adjacent and
complementary pair of angles when given the measure of the other angle.

Subskill Spatial relationships and transformations

C.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Draw and/or describe a similar figure when given a polygon drawn on graph paper with vertices at
lattice points.

• Identify figures that are congruent and/or similar.

• Demonstrate understanding of similarity by finding the relationship between the sides of two figures.
• Draw or identify the image of a figure based on one or more transformations (reflection, rotation and/or
translation).
• Design symmetrical shapes.
Draw or identify lines of symmetry.
• Classify figures possessing line symmetry only; line and rotation symmetry; rotational symmetry only;
no symmetry.
• Identify and describe 3-dimensional figures from multiple perspectives.

Subskill Coordinate systems

C.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Identify, locate, plot coordinates in all four quadrants; draw or identify the reflection of a point across
the x- or y-axis or the translation of a point at integer coordinates in any of the four quadrants.
• Locate or plot coordinates in any of the four quadrants using a geometric figure (e.g., transformations).

38 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Beginning of Grade 8

Objective Measurement
D:
Subskill
Measurable attributes
D.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Select the appropriate unit of measure (U.S. customary and metric) to estimate the length, liquid
capacity, volume, time, and weight/mass of everyday objects.
• Convert units within a system e.g., feet to yards; ounces to pounds; inches to feet; pints to quarts.
Approximate conversions of units between metric and U.S. customary systems using a model or in
context (quart/liter; yard/meter).
Subskill
Direct measurement
D.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Apply appropriate tools techniques to measure down to the nearest 1/4-, 1/8- or 1/16-inch or nearest
centimeter or millimeter.
• Determine and compare elapsed time in problem-solving situations.
• Measure and/or draw angles up to 360 degrees.
Subskill
Indirect measurement
D.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Estimate area given a reference.

• Determine perimeter/circumference and area of polygons and circles with and without context.

• Determine the distance between points using a scale.

• Determine volume and surface area of cylinders, rectangular prisms and pyramids with base shapes
of triangle, square, regular pentagon and regular hexagon in real-world context.
• Draw similar figures in any shape using a scale factor (e.g., enlarge/shrink).

• Use ratio and proportion in context.

• Use d = r*t formula in simple contexts.

Objective Statistics and Probability

E:
Subskill
Data analysis and statistics
E.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Compare two sets of data to generate or confirm/deny hypotheses.

• Extract, interpret and analyze data including multiple representations of the same data from tables,
double back-to-back stem-and-leaf plots, double bar graphs, simple circle graphs, line plots, line
graphs, charts and diagrams with and without context.

• Create graph with one-variable data sets using back-to-back stem-and-leaf plots, double bar graphs,
circle graphs, line plots and line graphs; discuss appropriateness of graph selected.

• Find mean, median (with odd or even number of data), mode and range of a set of data with and
without context.
• Evaluate sources of data in context and multiple representations of a given data set.
• Compare two sets of data to generate or confirm/deny hypotheses.

Subskill
Probability
E.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Determine the likelihood of an event and probability based on one or two dependent or independent
events.
• Use probabilities to estimate outcomes and evaluate fair and unfair simple events.

• Use data from simulations provided in charts/tables to solve and interpret probability problems.

January, 2005 39
Beginning of Grade 8 WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

• Determine the number of arrangements from a set of 5 or less.

Ex: How many different ways could 5 students stand in line?

• Solve problems involving sample spaces or diagrams.

• Analyze outcomes based on an understanding of theoretical and experimental probability.

Objective Algebraic Relationships

F:
Subskill Patterns, relations and functions
F.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use two concurrent numeric patterns to describe and analyze functional relationships between two
variables.
Describe and analyze in words functional relationships in two concurrent numeric patterns s using
multiplication and exponents and describe the relationship in words.
• Extend an increasing or decreasing arithmetic or geometric pattern.
• Describe and interpret linear patterns in tables and graphs.
• Identify the rule to complete or extend a function table or any combination of the two using one or
two operations (+, -, x, ÷) and numbers ( -100 through 100) in the function table..
• Describe real-world phenomena represented by a graph. Describe real-world phenomena that a given
graph might represent.
• Justify the accuracy of the chosen item in a sequence.
Subskill Expressions, equations and inequalities
F.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Solve single-variable inequalities using symbols.
• Solve single-variable one- and two-step equations with whole number, whole number integer, or
rational, coefficients with and without context.

• Find values of expressions with one variable and up to two operations including basic operations and
exponents.

• Solve two-step multi-operation equations with letter variables and whole number or integer
coefficients with and without context.
Ex: -3x +1 =.

• Write an algebraic expression (with one or two operations) which generalizes a linear pattern.

• Create a corresponding algebraic expression when given an arithmetic operation/relationship

expressed in words.

• Evaluate formulas with and without context by solving for a specified variable.

Subskill Properties
F.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to

• Identify a pair of equivalent numerical or one-variable expressions when using commutative or

associative properties with addition and multiplication.
• Demonstrate understanding of up to four-step order of operations expression using parentheses,
exponents and fraction symbol.
• Demonstrate understanding of distributive property without variables.

• Solve order of operations problems with one variable to demonstrate understanding of commutativity
and associativity.

40 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Beginning of Grade 10
Grade Level Framework

Beginning of Grade 10

How to use the Framework

The mathematics assessment framework is an indication of the knowledge and skills that will be assessed on the
November WKCE. This information does not replace your local curriculum. However, you may wish to ensure
that your local curriculum includes the knowledge and skills described in the framework.

This section of the framework describes the types of content that students may encounter on the WKCE

The knowledge and skills to be assessed are organized into objectives, subskills, and descriptors as shown below.
WKCE results will be reported by objectives and subskill.

A. Objective: A group of cognitively related skills.

A.a. Subskill: A group of related knowledge and skills that may include, but is not limited to, the
descriptors that follow.
• Descriptor: an example of a specific knowledge or skill that may be assessed.

Objectives, Subskills, and Descriptors

Objective Mathematical Processes
A:
Students will effectively use mathematical knowledge, skills and strategies related to reasoning,
communication, connections, representation and problem solving.
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use reasoning and logic to:
ƒ Perceive patterns
ƒ Identify relationships
ƒ Formulate questions
ƒ Pose problems
ƒ Make conjectures
ƒ Justify strategies
ƒ Test reasonableness of results
• Communicate mathematical ideas and logical reasoning using the vocabulary of mathematics in a
variety of ways e.g., using words, numbers, notation, symbols, pictures, charts, tables, diagrams,
graphs, and models.
• Connect mathematics to the real world, as well as within mathematics.
• Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.
• Solve and analyze routine and non-routine problems.

Objective Number Operations and Relationships

B:
Subskill Concepts
B.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Compare and order real numbers.

• Analyze and solve problems using percents.

• Apply proportional reasoning and ratios in mathematical and real-world contexts.

Subskill Computation
B.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Compare, perform and explain operations on real numbers with and without context e.g., transitivity,
rate of change, exponential functions, scientific notation, roots, powers, reciprocals, absolute value,
ratios, proportions, percents.

January, 2005 41
Beginning of Grade 10 WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

• Select and use appropriate properties, computational procedures, and modes of representation with
and without context e.g., simple and compound interest, commission, percents, proportions.
• Determine reasonableness of answers.

Objective Geometry
C:
Subskill Describing figures
C.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Identify, describe and analyze properties of 2 and 3 dimensional figures, relationships among figures
and relationships among their parts (e.g., parallel, perpendicular and congruent sides, diagonals,
various types of angles and triangles, complementary and supplementary angles, sum of angles in a
triangle).
• Present convincing geometric arguments by means of informal proof, counter-examples or other
logical means.

• Model problems using the Pythagorean Theorem and right triangle trigonometry.

Subskill Spatial relationships and transformations

C.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use proportional reasoning to solve congruence and similarity problems (e.g., scale drawings and
similar geometric figures).
• Use transformations and symmetry to solve problems.

• Visualize 3-dimensional figures in problem-solving situations.

Subskill Coordinate systems
C.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Use the two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system to describe and characterize properties of
geometric figures. Identify and apply symmetry about an axis.
• Use the two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system and algebraic procedures to describe and
characterize geometric properties and relationships (e.g., slope, intercepts, parallelism, and
perpendicularity, Pythagorean Theorem, distance formula).

Objective Measurement
D:
Subskill Measurable attributes
D.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Identify, describe and use derived attributes to represent and solve problems (e.g., speed,
acceleration, density, money conversion.)
Subskill Direct measurement
D.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to

• Select and use tools with appropriate degree of precision to determine measurements directly.

Subskill Indirect measurement

D.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Determine the perimeter/area of two-dimensional figures.

• Determine the surface area/volume of three-dimensional figures.

• Solve for angles, and segments in similar polygons and arcs in circles.

• Use right-triangle trig functions and the Pythagorean Theorem to solve right-triangle problems.

• Use formulas in applications (e.g., Distance Formula, simple and compound interest).

42 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Beginning of Grade 10

Objective Statistics and Probability

E:
Subskill Data analysis and statistics
E.a:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Organize, display, compare and interpret data in a variety of ways in mathematical and real-world
contexts e.g., histograms, line graphs, stem-and-leaf plots, scatter plots, box-and whiskers, bar
charts, Venn diagrams, tables, circle graphs.
• Interpret, analyze and make predictions from organized and displayed data. e.g., measures of central
tendency such as mean, median, mode, and, measures of variation such as standard deviation, mean,
median, mode, range, dispersion, outliers, line of best fit, percentiles.
• Analyze, evaluate and critique methods and conclusions of statistical experiments, e.g., randomness,
sampling, techniques, surveys.

Subskill Probability
E.b.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Determine the likelihood of occurrence of simple and complex events
Ex: Combinations and permutations, fundamental counting principle, experimental versus theoretical
probability and independent, dependent and conditional probability.

Objective Algebraic Relationships

F:
Subskill Patterns, relations and functions
F.a.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Describe, recognize, interpret and translate graphical representations of mathematical and real-world
phenomena on coordinate grids, e.g., slope, intercepts, rate of change, linear and non-linear functions,
and quadratic, exponential and constant functions.
• Analyze, generalize and represent patterns of change, e.g., direct and inverse variations, including
numerical sequences, patterns to a given term, algebraic expressions and equations.
Subskill Expressions, equations and inequalities
F.b:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Solve linear and quadratic equations, linear inequalities and systems of linear equations and
inequalities.

• Model and solve a variety of mathematical and real-world problems by using algebraic expressions,
equations and inequalities, e.g., linear, exponential, quadratic.

• Translate between different representations and describe the relationship among variable quantities in
a problem, e.g., tables, graphs, functional notations, formulas.

Subskill Properties
F.c.:
Descriptors, such as but not limited to
• Demonstrate understanding of properties by evaluating and simplifying expressions.
• Demonstrate understanding of properties by solving linear and quadratic equations, linear
inequalities, and systems of linear equations and inequalities with one or two variables.

January, 2005 43
44 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Objective A: Mathematical Processes

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Use reasoning Use reasoning Use reasoning Use reasoning Use reasoning Use reasoning Use reasoning
Students will effectively use mathematical knowledge, skills and strategies related to reasoning,

and logic to: and logic to: and logic to: and logic to: and logic to: and logic to: and logic to:
ƒ perceive patterns ƒ perceive patterns ƒ perceive patterns ƒ perceive patterns ƒ perceive patterns ƒ perceive patterns ƒ perceive patterns
ƒ identify ƒ identify ƒ identify ƒ identify ƒ identify ƒ identify ƒ identify
relationships relationships relationships relationships relationships relationships relationships
ƒ formulate questions ƒ formulate questions ƒ formulate questions ƒ formulate questions ƒ formulate questions ƒ formulate questions ƒ formulate questions
ƒ pose problems ƒ pose problems ƒ pose problems ƒ pose problems ƒ pose problems ƒ pose problems ƒ pose problems
communication, connections, representation and problem solving.

ƒ make conjectures ƒ make conjectures ƒ make conjectures ƒ make conjectures ƒ make conjectures ƒ make conjectures ƒ make conjectures
ƒ justify strategies ƒ justify strategies ƒ justify strategies ƒ justify strategies ƒ justify strategies ƒ justify strategies ƒ justify strategies
ƒ test reasonableness ƒ test reasonableness ƒ test reasonableness ƒ test reasonableness ƒ test reasonableness ƒ test reasonableness ƒ test reasonableness
of results of results of results of results of results of results of results
A. Mathematical Processes

Communicate Communicate Communicate Communicate Communicate Communicate Communicate

mathematical mathematical mathematical mathematical mathematical mathematical mathematical
ideas and ideas and ideas and ideas and ideas and ideas and ideas and
reasoning using reasoning using reasoning using reasoning using reasoning using reasoning using reasoning using
the vocabulary of the vocabulary of the vocabulary of the vocabulary of the vocabulary of the vocabulary of the vocabulary of
mathematics in a mathematics in a mathematics in a mathematics in a mathematics in a mathematics in a mathematics in a
variety of ways variety of ways variety of ways variety of ways variety of ways variety of ways variety of ways
e.g., using words, e.g., using words, e.g., using words, e.g., using words, e.g., using words, e.g., using words, e.g., using words,
numbers, numbers, numbers, numbers, numbers, numbers, numbers,
symbols, pictures, symbols, pictures, symbols, pictures, symbols, pictures, symbols, pictures, symbols, pictures, symbols, pictures,
charts, tables, charts, tables, charts, tables, charts, tables, charts, tables, charts, tables, charts, tables,
diagrams, graphs, diagrams, graphs, diagrams, graphs, diagrams, graphs, diagrams, graphs, diagrams, graphs, diagrams, graphs,
and models. and models. and models. and models. and models. and models. and models.
Connect Connect Connect Connect Connect Connect Connect
mathematics to mathematics to mathematics to mathematics to mathematics to mathematics to mathematics to
the real world, as the real world, as the real world, as the real world, as the real world, as the real world, as the real world, as
well as within well as within well as within well as within well as within well as within well as within
mathematics. mathematics. mathematics. mathematics. mathematics. mathematics. mathematics.
Create and use Create and use Create and use Create and use Create and use Create and use Create and use
representations to representations to representations to representations to representations to representations to representations to
organize, record, organize, record, organize, record, organize, record, organize, record, organize, record, organize, record,
and communicate and communicate and communicate and communicate and communicate and communicate and communicate
mathematical mathematical mathematical mathematical mathematical mathematical mathematical
ideas. ideas. ideas. ideas. ideas. ideas. ideas.
Solve and analyze Solve and analyze Solve and analyze Solve and analyze Solve and analyze Solve and analyze Solve and analyze
routine and non- routine and non- routine and non- routine and non- routine and non- routine and non- routine and non-
routine problems. routine problems. routine problems. routine problems. routine problems. routine problems. routine problems.

January, 2005 45
Objective B: Number Operations and Relationships WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework
Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10
Recognize and apply Recognize and apply
Recognize and apply Recognize and apply Recognize and apply Recognize and apply place-value concepts to place-value concepts to
place-value concepts to place-value concepts to place-value concepts to place-value concepts to numbers less than numbers less than
whole numbers less than whole numbers less than whole numbers less than whole numbers less than 10,000,000 with 100,000,000 with
1,000. 10,000. 1,000,000. 10,000,000. decimals to the decimals to the
thousandths place. thousandths place.
Read, write and Read, write and
Read, write, and Read, write, and
Read, write, and represent numbers using Read, write and represent numbers using
represent numbers using represent numbers using
represent numbers using words, numerals, represent numbers using words, numerals,
words, numerals, words, numerals,
words, numerals, pictures (base-ten words, numerals, number lines, arrays,
pictures (e.g., base ten pictures (e.g., base ten
pictures (e.g., base-ten blocks), number lines,, number lines, arrays, and expanded form
blocks), number lines, blocks), number lines,
blocks), number lines, arrays, expanded forms and expanded form (12.097=10+2+.09+.007
arrays, expanded forms arrays, expanded forms
arrays, expanded forms (12,436=10,000+2,000+ (12.09=10+2+.09) and ) and symbolic
B. Number Operations & Relationships

(243=200+40+3) and (243=200+40+3) and

(24=20+4) and symbolic 400+30+6) and symbolic renaming renaming (12.097= 13-
symbolic renaming, e.g., symbolic renaming, e.g.,
renaming, e.g., 24=30-6. symbolic renaming, e.g., (12.09= 13-.91). .003).
243=250-7. 243=250-7.
12,436=12,450-14.
Compare and order Compare and order
Compare and order a set Compare and order a set
numbers less than numbers less than
Sub Skill B.a.: Concepts

Compare and order Compare and order of fractions or decimals of fractions, decimals
10,000 represented in 100,000 represented in Compare and order real
whole numbers less than whole numbers less than (to the hundredths (to the thousandths) and
numbers, arrays, numbers, arrays, numbers.
1,000. 10,000. place) and use symbols use symbols
symbols (<, >, =) and symbols (<, >, =) and
(<, >, =, ≠, ≤, ≥). (<, >, =, ≠, ≤, ≥).
words. words.
Use basic facts to
determine the first ten
multiples of 2-10 and
determine factors for Identify and use number Identify and use number Identify and use number
numbers up to 100. theory concepts: theory concepts: theory concepts:
Recognize the ƒ prime and ƒ prime and ƒ prime and
divisibility potential of composite composite composite
Count by 2’s, 3’s, 5’s, numbers (divisors of 2, numbers numbers numbers
10’s, 25’s and 100’s 5, 10, 25).
ƒ divisibility ƒ divisibility ƒ divisibility
starting with any
potential of potential of potential of
multiple and 100’s Count using whole
Count by 2’s, 3’s, 5’s, numbers numbers numbers
starting with any numbers less than
10’s, 25’s and 100’s. (divisors of 1-10, (divisors of 1-10, (divisors of 1-10,
number. 10,000 and by any
25) 25) 25)
number 1-12 and
ƒ least common ƒ least common ƒ least common
Identify and name ‘friendly numbers’
multiples multiples multiples
counting patterns. through 100. (ex. 20, 25,
through 24 ƒ greatest common ƒ greatest common
etc.)
ƒ greatest common factors of two factors of two or
factors through numbers three numbers
50

46 January, 2005
Objective B: Number Operations & Relationships WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework
Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10
Read, write and identify
monetary amounts Demonstrate
Demonstrate
represented with visual understanding of
understanding of
Read, write, represent, models. fractions and benchmark
Count, compare and Count, compare and fractions and percents
count, compare and percents in problems
make change using a make change up to with and without Analyze and solve
order, and make change Compare and order with context.
collection of coins (up $10.00 using a contexts (e.g.,sales tax problems using
using a collection of monetary amounts. E.g., Joe got six
to one dollar) and one- collection of coins and and discounts, 40 is 25 percents.
coins and bills equal to questions correct and
B. Number Operations & Relationships - Continued

dollar bills. one-dollar bills. percent of what

and less than $20.00. Equate a monetary value two were wrong, what
number?; What number
with its benchmark percent did he get
is 25 percent of 160?)
fraction and percent. correct?
(Eg. $.25=1/4=25%)
Apply proportional
Apply proportional
Demonstrate basic reasoning to a variety of Apply proportional
reasoning to a variety of
Sub Skill B.a.: Concepts Continued

understanding of problem situations. reasoning and ratios in

problem situations.
proportionality in (E.g. comparisons and mathematical and real-
(E.g. comparisons, rates,
proportional contexts. rates). world contexts.
and similarities).
Read, write and identify, Read, write, identify,
equivalent fractions order, compare and
(1/4s, 1/2s, 1/8s, 1/10s, mixed fractions.
1/16s)
Represent fractions
Represent fractions using numbers, pictures,
(1/4s, 1/2s, 1/8s, 1/10s, and number lines.
1/16s) using numbers,
Identify a fractional part Identify a fractional part pictures (E.g. drawings Rename improper
of a collection/set. of a collection/set or or base ten blocks), and fractions to mixed
parts of a whole. number lines. numbers in lowest Identify equivalent
Identify equivalent
Read, write and terms. forms of fractions,
forms of fractions,
represent fractional Read, write, order and Order and compare decimals and percents.
decimals and percents.
parts of a whole e.g., represent unit fractions fractions (1/4s, 1/2s,
1/4, 1/2. (e.g., 1/2, 1/3, 1/4) and 1/8s, 1/10s,
part(s) of a set. 1/16s)represented Identify and represent
numerically or as equivalence between
models ( including parts fractions, percents, and
of a set and parts of a decimals.
whole)

Rename improper
fractions to mixed
numbers.

January, 2005 47
 Objective B: Number Operations and Relationships WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Use all operations in Use all operations in
everyday situations everyday situations to
Use addition and Use addition and Use all operations in (including monetary solve single or multi-
Use all operations in contexts) to solve single
subtraction in everyday subtraction in everyday everyday situations to step word problems.
everyday situations to or multi-step word
situations and solve situations and solve solve single or multi-
solve single or multi- problems.
one-step word one-and two-step word step word problems. Solve problems
step word problems.
problems. problems. Solve problems involving percents with
involving percents with and without context.
and without context.
Solve three-and four- Solve three and four- Add and subtract Add and subtract
digit addition and digit addition and decimals including decimals including
subtraction with subtraction with thousandths with and thousandths with and
regrouping; regrouping, without context. without text.
B. Number Operations & Relationships

Solve single and Solve double-and multiplication of two- multiplication of three-

double-digit addition triple-digit addition and digit by one-digit digit by two-digit Multiply decimals Multiply decimals and
and subtraction subtraction problems numbers; division with numbers, division with including hundredths integers (-100 to 100)
problems with with regrouping in single-digit divisors and single-digit divisors and with and without including thousandths
with and without Compare, perform and
Sub Skill B.b.: Computation

regrouping including horizontal and vertical two-digit dividends and four-digit dividends context.
horizontal format in format in problems with two-step or mixed with two-step or mixed context. (Ex. interest explain operations on
problems with and with and without operation problems with operation problems. Divide decimals rates ) real numbers with and
without context. context. single-digit numbers. including hundredths by without context e.g.,
Divide decimals and transitivity, rate of
Compute with decimals single-digit divisors in integers in problems
Add and subtract in the context of money problems with and change, exponential
with and without functions, scientific
decimals in the context and make change. without context. context.
of money. notation, roots, powers,
Demonstrate reciprocals, absolute
understanding of value, ratios,
Demonstrate the multiplication as proportions, percents.
concept of grouping or repeated
multiplication as addition or arrays in
grouping or repeated problems with and
addition in context without context
with products up to 50. (without context up to 5
Demonstrate Demonstrate
x 9; in context products
Solve problems using Solve problems using understanding of the understanding of the
up to 100).
basic multiplication and basic multiplication and concept of division of concept of division of
Demonstrate
division facts. division facts. fractions in a contextual fractions in a contextual
Demonstrate understanding of the
setting. setting.
understanding of the concept of division as
concept of division as repeated subtraction,
repeated subtraction, partitioning/sharing or
partitioning/sharing or measuring (dividend up
measuring (dividend to 45 and divisors up to
up to 30 and divisors 5).
up to 5).

48 January, 2005
 Objective B: Number Operations & Relationships WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework
Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10
Use fractions to
Use fractions to represent quantities
B. Number Operations & Relationships

Rename improper
represent quantities when solving problems
fractions.
when solving problems involving equal sharing
Add and subtract mixed
involving equal or partitioning Add, subtract, and
Sub Skill B.b.: Computation Continued

Add and subtract Add and subtract numbers and fractions

sharing or partitioning. including fractions less multiply mixed numbers
fractions with like fractions with unlike with unlike
than one as well as and fractions with like Select and use
denominators. denominators (halves, denominators, multiply
Represent with shaded mixed numbers. and unlike appropriate properties,
thirds, fourths, fifths, mixed numbers.
circles, rods, squares, denominators. computational
and tenths) with sums or
pictorial Represent with shaded procedures, and modes
differences between 0
representations of a circles, rods, squares or of representation with
and 1.
whole. pictorial representations and without context e.g.,
of objects (for a set). simple and compound
Estimate the sum, interest, commission,
Estimate:
difference and product Estimate the sum, percents, proportions.
multiplication of two- Estimate using basic
Estimate sums to tens, of whole numbers, difference and product
Estimate sums to tens digit by one-digit whole number
hundreds and thousands common fractions, of whole numbers,
and hundreds and problems, addition and operations, benchmark
and differences of ten mixed numbers and common fractions,
differences to ten. subtraction of decimals fractions and benchmark
and hundreds. decimals to thousandths mixed numbers and
using money, and decimals.
and estimate benchmark decimals to thousandths.
division in context.
fractions.
Determine Determine Determine Determine Determine Determine Determine
reasonableness of reasonableness of reasonableness of reasonableness of reasonableness of reasonableness of reasonableness of
answers. answers. answers. answers. answers. answers. answers.

January, 2005 49
Objective C: Geometry WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Identify, describe, and
Identify, describe, and compare properties of 2
compare properties of 2 and 3 dimensional
Identify, describe and
and 3 dimensional figures such as squares,
compare properties of 2-
figures such as squares, triangles, rectangles, Name regular and
and 3-dimensional Name 3-dimensional
triangles, rectangles, pentagon, hexagon, irregular polygons up to
figures, comparing Recognize and name figures (e.g., rectangular
circles, pattern block octagon, pattern block eight sides and identify
sides, faces, vertices and polygons with 3, 4, 5, 6 prisms, square pyramids,
shapes, cubes, shapes, circles, cubes, and justify by
edges of regular figures or 8 sides. cones, cylinders and
pyramids, rectangular pyramids, rectangular characteristics whether a Identify, describe and
including parallel and spheres.)
prisms, cylinders, and prisms, tetrahedrons, shape is a polygon. analyze properties of 2
perpendicular lines and
spheres (e.g., cylinders, and spheres and 3 dimensional
line segments.
comparing sides, faces, (e.g., comparing sides, figures, relationships
corners, and edges). faces, corners, and among figures and
edges). relationships among their
Determine the number parts (e.g., parallel,
Determine the number of
of faces, edges and Identify lines and line perpendicular and
faces, edges and vertices
vertices given an segments in a plane congruent sides,
Sub-Skill C.a.: Describing Figures

given an illustration of a
illustration of a 3- figure. diagonals, various types
3-dimensional figure.
dimensional figure. of angles and triangles,
Classify shapes complementary and
C. Geometry

according to supplementary angles,

Classify plane figures by
characteristics such as sum of angles in a
characteristics of angles
parallel and triangle).
(acute, obtuse and right)
perpendicular lines;
and describe rays found
identify right, acute and
in open-angle situations.
obtuse angles with Present convincing
varied orientations. geometric arguments by
Find the measure of the means of informal proof,
Find the measure of the
third angle of a triangle counter-examples or other
third angle of a triangle
when given the measures logical means.
when given the measures
of two interior or exterior
of two interior angles.
angles.
Decompose convex Determine the sum of the Model problems using
polygons into triangles angles of a polygon using the Pythagorean
using diagonals from a diagonals drawn from one Theorem and right
single vertex. vertex. triangle trigonometry.
Determine the measure
of an angle in a drawing
of an adjacent and
supplementary or
adjacent and
complementary pair of
angles when given the
measure of the other
angle.

50 January, 2005
Objective C: Geometry WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Identify 2-dimensional
geometric shapes created
by combining or
Create and identify 2- Draw and/or describe a Draw and/or describe a
decomposing other Use pattern blocks and
dimensional geometric Use tangrams to describe, similar figure when similar figure when given
shapes e.g., dot paper (geoboards)
shapes by combining or model, and construct given a polygon drawn a polygon drawn on
square/triangles; to describe, model and
decomposing other plane figures. on graph paper with graph paper with vertices Use proportional
trapezoid/rhombus, construct plane figures.
shapes. vertices at lattice points. at lattice points. reasoning to solve
triangle;
congruence and
hexagon/triangles,
similarity problems
rhombus, trapezoid.
(e.g., scale drawings
Identify figures that are
Identify figures that are Identify figures that are and similar geometric
congruent and/or
congruent and/or similar. congruent and/or similar. figures).
similar.
Sub-Skill C.b: Spatial Relationships and Transformations

Demonstrate Demonstrate
understanding of understanding of
similarity by finding the similarity by finding the
relationship between the relationship between the
sides of two figures. sides of two figures.
Identify cubes,
Describe and compare
rectangular and
cubes, rectangular and
Identify cubes and square triangular prisms and
C. Geometry

triangular prisms and

pyramid shapes from rectangular and
rectangular and triangular
their nets (flat patterns). triangular pyramids from
pyramids from nets (flat
simple nets (flat
patterns).
patterns).
Use slides, flips and Use slides, flips and turns
Draw or identify the Draw or identify the
Apply concepts of single- Apply concepts of turns on figures. Identify on figures. Identify
image of a figure based image of a figure based
motion geometry (e.g., single-motion geometry congruent shapes using congruent shapes using Use transformations
on one or more on one or more
slides, flips and turns) to (e.g., slides, flips and figures that have been figures that have been and symmetry to solve
transformations transformations
match two identical turns) to match two manipulated by one or manipulated by one or problems.
(reflection, rotation (reflection, rotation
shapes. identical shapes. two motions (slides, two motions (slides, flips
and/or translation). and/or translation).
flips and turns). and turns).
Design symmetrical
shapes.
Draw or identify lines of
Identify lines of symmetry.
symmetry and the
Design symmetrical
number of lines of
Discern a shape with one shapes.
symmetry in figures and
line of symmetry. Draw or identify lines of
design shapes that have at
symmetry.
least one line of
symmetry.

January, 2005 51
Objective C: Geometry WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Classify figures
possessing line symmetry
Sub-Skill C.b: Spatial Relationships and Transformations

only; line and rotation

symmetry; rotational
symmetry only; no
symmetry
C. Geometry - Continued

Identify and describe 3-

Identify and describe 3- Identify and describe 3- Identify and describe 3- Visualize 3-dimensional
dimensional figures
dimensional figures from dimensional figures from dimensional figures from figures in problem-solving
from multiple
multiple perspectives. multiple perspectives. multiple perspectives. situations.
perspectives.

52 January, 2005
Objective C: Geometry WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Use simple 2- Use simple 2- Identify, locate, plot
Use simple 2-
dimensional coordinate dimensional coordinate Identify and plot the coordinates in all four Use the two-dimensional
dimensional coordinate Identify, locate, plot
systems to find locations systems to identify or coordinates of locations quadrants; draw or rectangular coordinate
systems to find locations coordinates in the four
Sub-Skill C.c.: Coordinate Systems

on maps and to represent plot locations on maps or objects on simple one identify the reflection of system to describe and
on maps and to represent quadrants and
points and simple and to represent points quadrant grids using a point across the x- or characterize properties
points and simple transformations of
figures with coordinates and simple figures with numbers only for y-axis or the translation of geometric figures.
figures with coordinates points across the x- or y-
C. Geometry

using letters and coordinates using letters coordinates, (e.g., (3, of a point at integer Identify and apply
of letters and numbers, axis.
numbers, and numbers, 2)). coordinates in any of the symmetry about an axis.
(e.g., (E, 3)).
(e.g., (E, 3)). (e.g., (E, 3)). four quadrants.
Use the two-dimensional
rectangular coordinate
system and algebraic
Locate the fourth
Identify and use Identify and use Locate or plot Locate or plot procedures to describe
coordinate pair when
relationships among relationships among coordinates in the four coordinates in any of the and characterize
given three vertices of a
figures (e.g., location, figures (e.g., location, quadrants using a four quadrants using a geometric properties and
rectangle or
position and position and geometric figure (e.g., geometric figure (e.g., relationships (e.g., slope,
parallelogram on a
intersection). intersection). transformations). transformations). intercepts, parallelism,
coordinate grid.
and perpendicularity,
Pythagorean Theorem,
distance formula).

January, 2005 53
Objective D: Measurement WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Identify appropriate units
Describe attributes of Identify appropriate to measure length, liquid
length, time, units to measure capacity, volume, time,
temperature, liquid length, liquid capacity, weight/mass,
Describe attributes of
capacity, weight/mass, volume, weight/mass, temperature, including
length, time and
volume and identify time, temperature. mixed measures. Units
temperature and Select the appropriate Select the appropriate
appropriate units to Units include: inches, include: inches, feet,
identify appropriate unit of measure to unit of measure (U.S.
measure them. Units feet, yards, miles, yards,(i.e. 1 foot 3
units to measure them. estimate the length, customary and metric)
include: inches, feet, millimeters, inches) miles,
Units include: inches, liquid capacity, to estimate the length,
yards, miles, meters, centimeters, meters, centimeters, millimeters,
feet, yards, volume, weight/mass liquid capacity,
centimeters, kilometers, ounces, meters, kilometers,
centimeters, meters, of everyday objects volume, time, and
millimeters, cups cups quarts, gallons, ounces, cups quarts,
seconds, minutes, using U.S. customary weight/mass of
quarts, gallons, liters, liters, seconds, gallons, liters, hours,
hours, days, months, and metric. everyday objects.
seconds, minutes, minutes, hours, days, minutes, seconds, (i.e. 1
years and degrees
hours, days, months, months, years, ounces, hour 15 minutes) , days,
Sub-Skill D.a.: Measurable Attributes

Fahrenheit/Celsius.
years, ounces, pounds, pounds, grams, months, years, ounces,
grams and degrees kilograms and degrees pounds, grams, kilograms
D. Measurement

Fahrenheit/Celsius. Fahrenheit/Celsius. and degrees

Fahrenheit/Celsius.
Compare attributes of Compare attributes of Compare attributes of Compare attributes of
length and weight by length, volume and length and weight by length, volume and
observation or when weight by observation direct observation or weight by observation
given actual or when given actual when given actual or when given actual
measurements. measurements. measurements. measurements.
Convert units within a Convert units within a
system e.g., feet to system e.g., feet to
Make measurement yards; ounces to yards; ounces to
Make measurement
Make measurement conversions within a pounds; inches to feet; pounds; inches to feet;
conversions within a
conversions within a system between units pints to quarts. pints to quarts.
system between units
system (e.g., yards to (e.g., feet and yards;
(e.g., feet and yards; Approximate Approximate
feet; feet to inches; inches and feet; quarts
inches and yards; conversions of units conversions of units
hours to minutes; days and gallons; meters
quarts and gallons; between metric and between metric and
to hours; years to and centimeters;
meters and U.S. customary U.S. customary
months; gallons to minutes and hours;
centimeters; seconds systems using a model systems using a model
quarts). hours and days;
and hours). or in context or in context
months and years).
(quart/liter; (quart/liter;
yard/meter). yard/meter).
Identify, describe and
use derived attributes
to represent and solve
problems (e.g., speed,
acceleration, density,
money conversion.)

54 January, 2005
Objective D: Measurement WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Read and interpret and
Read and interpret Read, interpret and use Measure down to the
use measuring
measuring instruments measuring instruments nearest -1/8-inch,
instruments to
to determine the to determine the centimeter or millimeter
determine the
measurement of objects measurement of objects
measurement of objects
with non-standard and with non- standard and Determine angle
with non-standard and
standard units to the standard units to the measurement to nearest
standard units to the
nearest centimeter or nearest ¼- inch or five degrees using a Apply appropriate tools
Sub-Skill D.b.: Direct Measurement

nearest centimeter, or Apply appropriate tools

1/2-inch. centimeter. protractor. and techniques to
1/4-inch. techniques to measure
measure down to the
Read thermometers to down to the nearest 1/4-,
D. Measurement

nearest 1/4-, 1/8- or 1/16-

Read thermometers to Read thermometers to the nearest five degrees 1/8- or 1/16-inch or
inch or nearest
the nearest 5 degrees the nearest 5 degrees F/C and read a scale to nearest centimeter or
Read and interpret centimeter or
F/C. F/C. the nearest ounce or millimeter. Select and use tools
measuring instruments millimeter.
five grams. with appropriate degree
to determine the
Tell time to the nearest of precision to
Tell time to the nearest measurement of objects
minute using analog determine
minute and translate Translate time on an with standard units
and digital clocks; measurements directly.
time from analog to analog clock to a digital (U.S. customary).
translate time from
digital clocks and vice clock and vice versa.
analog to digital clocks
versa.
and vice versa.
Determine and compare
Determine and compare Determine and compare Determine and compare Determine and compare
elapsed time in
elapsed time in elapsed time in elapsed time in elapsed time in
multiples of 15 minutes
problem-solving problem-solving problem-solving problem-solving
in problem-solving
situations. situations. situations. situations.
situations.
Investigate Measure and/or draw Measure and/or draw
Investigate
measurements of area angles up to 180 angles up to 360
measurements of area.
and perimeter. degrees. degrees.

January, 2005 55
Objective D: Measurement WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Estimate measurement Estimate measurements
Apply estimation Apply estimation
using U.S customary using U.S. customary Estimate area given a Estimate area given a
techniques using non- techniques using non-
and metric and metric reference. reference.
standard units. standard units.
measurements. measurement.
Determine perimeter
and area of regular Determine
shapes and the area of perimeter/circumferenc Determine
Determine the area of
plane rectangular e and area of squares, perimeter/circumferenc Determine the
regular shapes including
shapes. Determine rectangles, triangles, e and area of polygons perimeter/area of two-
right triangles.
perimeter and area of parallelograms and and circles with and dimensional figures.
irregular shapes when circles in real-world without context.
given a reference tool context.
Sub-Skill D.c.: Indirect Measurement

such as a grid.
Determine distance Determine distance Determine distance
between points using a between points using a between points using a
D. Measurement

scale. scale. scale.

Determine volume and
surface area of
cylinders, rectangular
prisms and pyramids Determine the surface
with base shapes of area/volume of three-
triangle, square, regular dimensional figures.
pentagon and regular
hexagon in real-world
context.
Draw similar figures in Solve for angles, and
any shape using a scale segments in similar
factor (e.g., polygons and arcs in
enlarge/shrink). circles.
Use right-triangle trig
functions and the
Use ratio and
Pythagorean Theorem
proportion in context.
to solve right-triangle
problems.
Use formulas in
applications (e.g.,
Use d = r*t formula in
Distance Formula,
simple contexts.
simple and compound
interest).

56 January, 2005
Objective E: Statistics and Probability WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Answer and pose
questions about
Answer and pose
collecting, organizing
questions about
and displaying data.
collecting, organizing
Work with data in the
and displaying data.
context of real-world
Work with data in the Formulate questions to Formulate questions to
situations by
context of real-world collect, organize and collect, organize and
formulating questions
situations by display data. display data.
that lead to data
determining what data
collection and analysis
to collect and when
and determining what
and how to collect it to
data to collect and
answer questions.
when and how to
collect the data.
Sub-Skill E.a.: Data analysis and statistics

Collect, organize and Collect, organize and

E. Statistics and Probability

display data in simple display data in simple Collect, organize and Collect, organize and
bar graphs and charts bar graphs and charts display data in display data in Organize, display,
including translating including translating appropriate graphs or appropriate graphs or compare and interpret
data from one form to data from one form to charts. charts. data in a variety of
the other. the other. ways in mathematical
and real-world
contexts e.g.,
Draw reasonable Draw reasonable Summarize data sets in
Draw reasonable Draw reasonable histograms, line
conclusions based on conclusions based on tables, charts and
conclusions based on conclusions based on graphs, stem-and-leaf
simple interpretations simple interpretations diagrams with and or
contextual data. contextual data. plots, scatter plots,
of data. of data. without context.
box-and whiskers, bar
charts, Venn diagrams,
tables, circle graphs.

Compare two sets of

Evaluate a set of data
Use data to predict Use data to predict data to generate or
to generate or
outcomes or trends outcomes or trends confirm/deny
confirm/deny
from graph or table. from graphs and tables. hypotheses.
hypotheses.

January, 2005 57
Objective E: Statistics and Probability WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Extract, interpret and
analyze data including
multiple
Extract, interpret and
Extract, interpret and representations of the
Read, use information Read, use information analyze data from
Read and interpret analyze data from same data from tables,
and draw reasonable and draw reasonable tables, simple stem-
information from single bar graphs, double back-to-back
conclusions from data conclusions from data and-leaf plots, simple
single bar graphs, line tables and charts, line stem-and-leaf plots,
in graphs, tables, in graphs, tables, bar graphs, line plots,
plots, picture graphs plots, context, circle double bar graphs,
charts and Venn charts and Venn line graphs, simple
and Venn diagrams. graphs and Venn simple circle graphs,
diagrams. diagrams. circle graphs, charts
diagrams. line plots, line graphs,
and diagrams.
Sub-Skill E.a.: Data analysis and statistics Continued

charts and diagrams Interpret, analyze and

with and without make predictions from
context. organized and
E. Statistics and Probability

Describe a given set of displayed data. e.g.,

data of ten or fewer measures of central
Create graph with one- tendency such as
Describe a given set of items/numbers using Create graph with one-
variable data sets using mean, median, mode,
data of seven the terms mean, variable data sets using
back-to-back stem- and, measures of
items/numbers or median, mode and simple stem-and-leaf
and-leaf plots, double variation such as
fewer using the terms range to extract plots, bar graphs, circle
bar graphs, circle standard deviation,
range, mode and information from graphs, line plots and
graphs, line plots and mean, median, mode,
median in problems organized charts, line graphs; discuss
line graphs; discuss range, dispersion,
with and without tables, graphs and appropriateness of
appropriateness of outliers, line of best fit,
context. Venn diagrams in graphs selected.
graph selected. percentiles.
problems with and
without context.

Find mean, median

Find mean, median
(with odd or even
(with odd set of data),
number of data), mode
mode and range of a
and range of a set of
set of data with and
data with and without
without context.
context.

Analyze, evaluate and

Evaluate sources of Evaluate sources of critique methods and
data in context and data in context and conclusions of
multiple multiple statistical experiments,
representations of a representations of a e.g., randomness,
given data set. given data set. sampling, techniques,
surveys.

58 January, 2005
Objective E: Statistics and Probability WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Determine the
likelihood of future Determine the Determine the
Determine if future
Determine if the Determine if the events, predict likelihood of an event likelihood of an event
events are more, less or
occurrence of future occurrence of future outcomes of future and probability based and probability based
equally likely,
events are more, less or events are more, less or events and test on one independent on one or two
impossible or certain to
equally likely to occur. equally likely to occur. predictions using data event, e.g., spinning the dependent or
occur.
from a variety of arrow on a spinner. independent events.
sources.
Use probabilities to Use probabilities to
Choose or design an Choose or design an
Choose a fair and an Design a fair and an estimate outcomes and estimate outcomes and
event that is fair or event that is fair or
unfair spinner. unfair spinner. evaluate fair and unfair evaluate fair and unfair
unfair. unfair.
simple events. simple events.
E. Statistics and Probability

Predict the outcomes of Predict the outcomes of

a simple event using a simple event using Use data from Use data from Determine the
Determine the
Sub-Skill E.b.: Probability

words to describe words to describe simulations provided in simulations provided in likelihood of occurrence
probability of events in
probability. probability and test charts/tables to solve charts/tables to solve of simple and complex
context using words,
Ex: Flipping a coin has predictions using data and interpret probability and interpret probability events
percents or fractions.
a 1 out of 2 chance of from a variety of problems. problems. Ex: Combinations and
getting a head. sources. permutations,
Describe and determine Describe and determine fundamental counting
the number of the number of principle, experimental
combinations for combinations for versus theoretical
Determine the number
choosing 2 out of 3 choosing 2 out of 4 Describe and determine Describe and determine probability and
of arrangements from a
items. items the number of the number of independent, dependent
set of 5 or less.
Ex: Red hat, blue Ex: What are the combinations of combinations of and conditional
Ex: How many
jacket and green jacket. possible combinations selecting 3 items from 4 selecting 3 items from 4 probability.
different ways could 5
What are the when selecting 2 items or more items. or more items.
students stand in line?
combinations of from a menu of 4 items
wearing a hat and a (chips, cookie, pizza,
jacket? banana, etc.)?
Solve problems Solve problems
involving sample spaces involving sample spaces
or diagrams. or diagrams.
Analyze outcomes Analyze outcomes
based on an based on an
understanding of understanding of
theoretical and theoretical and
experimental experimental
probability. probability.

January, 2005 59
Objective F: Algebraic Relationships WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Recognize, extend,
describe, create and Recognize, extend,
replicate a variety of describe, create and
patterns including replicate a variety of
attribute, number and patterns including
geometric patterns. attribute, number and
Such as: geometric patterns.
Such as: Use two concurrent
• Picture patterns
• Picture patterns numeric patterns to
• Patterns in tables
and charts • Patterns in tables describe and analyze
Use two concurrent
and charts functional relationships Describe, recognize,
• “What’s-my–rule?” numeric patterns to
• “What’s-my–rule?” Recognize, extend, Recognize, extend, between two variables. interpret and translate
patterns describe and analyze
patterns describe, create and describe, create and Describe and analyze in graphical
• Patterns using functional relationships
Sub-Skill F.a: Patterns, Relations and Functions

Patterns using addition replicate a variety of replicate a variety of words functional representations of
addition and between two variables
and subtraction rules. patterns including patterns including relationships in two mathematical and real-
subtraction rules. in two concurrent
attribute, numeric and attribute, numeric and concurrent numeric world phenomena on
F. Algebraic Relationships

Focusing on numeric patterns using

Focusing on relationships within geometric patterns. geometric patterns. patterns s using coordinate grids, e.g.,
relationships within addition and
patterns as well as multiplication and slope, intercepts, rate of
patterns as well as subtraction.
extending patterns e.g., exponents and describe change, linear and non-
extending patterns e.g., patterns and the relationship in linear functions, and
patterns and relationships words. quadratic, exponential
relationships represented with and constant functions.
represented with pictures, tables and
pictures, tables and charts; “what’s-my–
charts, and “what’s- rule?” patterns using
my–rule?” patterns addition and subtraction
using addition and rules.
subtraction rules.
Represent patterns and Represent patterns and
Extend a given Extend an increasing or
relationships with relationships with
arithmetic sequence of decreasing arithmetic or
pictures, tables and pictures, table and
pictures or numbers. geometric pattern.
charts. charts.

Describe a rule that Describe a rule that

explains a functional explains a functional
Determine odd or even Describe and interpret Describe and interpret
relationship or pattern relationship or pattern
with a total set of 20 or Determine odd or even. linear patterns in tables linear patterns in tables
using addition, using addition,
less. and graphs. and graphs.
subtraction or subtraction or
multiplication rules. multiplication rules.

60 January, 2005
Objective F: Algebraic Relationships WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Identify the rule to
Identify the rule to
complete or extend a
complete or extend a
Subskill F.a: Patterns, Relations and Functions Continued

function table or any

Determine a future Determine a future function table or any
combination of the two
F. Algebraic Relationships Continued

event in a pattern up to event in a pattern up to combination of the two

using one or two
the eighth item when the tenth item when using one operation (+,
operations (+, -, x, ÷)
given the first five. given the first five. -, x, ÷) and numbers (0
and numbers ( -100
through 100) in the
through 100) in the
function table.
function table.
Solve simple two-step,
two operation patterns.
Ex: 5, 8, 6, 9, 7,10,
8……..
(Pattern: +3-2….) . .
Analyze, generalize and
Represent patterns and
represent patterns of
relationships with
change, e.g., direct and
pictures, table and
inverse variations,
charts.
including numerical
Describe real-world Describe real-world
sequences, patterns to a
phenomena represented phenomena represented
given term, algebraic
by a graph. Describe by a graph. Describe
expressions and
real-world phenomena real-world phenomena
equations.
that a given graph might that a given graph might
represent. represent.
Justify the accuracy of
the chosen item in a
sequence.

January, 2005 61
Objective F: Algebraic Relationships WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Solve simple one-step
Demonstrate an Demonstrate an open sentences
understanding that understanding that involving all operations
the “=” sign means the “ =” sign means in context.
“the same as” by “the same as” by Demonstrate basic Demonstrate
Demonstrate a basic
solving open or solving open or understanding of understanding of
understanding of Solve single-variable
true/false number true/false number equality and inequality equality and inequality
equality and inequality inequalities using
sentences. sentences. using symbols (<, >, =) and solve single-
using symbols (<, >, =) symbols.
with multi-step, mixed variable equations using Solve linear and
with all operations.
operations. symbols (<, >, =+). quadratic equations,
Solve simple one-step Solve one-step Solve single-variable linear inequalities and
Solve single-variable
open sentences equations with “box” one-step equations and systems of linear
Use notation to Use notation to one- and two-step
Sub-Skill F.b.: Expressions, Equations and Inequalities

including missing factor variable and whole algebraic expressions equations and
represent mathematical represent mathematical equations with whole
in problems with and number coefficients in with one variable and inequalities.
thinking: letter or box thinking: letter or box number, whole number
without context e.g., problems with and one operation and
(variable); operation (variable); operation integer, or rational,
“box” or letter variable without context using whole number
F. Algebraic Relationships

symbols (+, -, =). symbols (+, - , =). coefficients with and

and whole number whole number coefficients with and
without context.
coefficients. coefficients. without context.

Demonstrate a basic Represent problem Find values of

understanding of situations with one-step Describe in words the expressions with one
equality and inequality equations involving generalization for a variable and up to two
using symbols (<, >, =) multiplication and given one-operation operations including
with simple addition division with simple pattern. basic operations and
and subtraction. open sentences. exponents

Model and solve a

variety of mathematical
and real-world
problems by using
Solve two-step multi- algebraic expressions,
Solve two-step multi- Solve two-step multi-
operation equations equations and
operation equations operation equations
with “box” or letter inequalities, e.g., linear,
with letter variables and with letter variables and
variable and whole exponential, quadratic.
whole number whole number or
number coefficients
coefficients with and integer coefficients with
with and without
without context. and without context.
context.
Ex: 3x +1 = 7 Ex: -3x +1 = 7
Ex: 3 * ”box” +1 = 7

62 January, 2005
Objective F: Algebraic Relationships WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Translate between
Sub-Skill F.b.: Expressions, Equations and Inequalities Continued

different representations
Represent problem and describe the
Represent problem Write an algebraic
situations with one or Represent problem relationship among
situations with one-step expression (with one or
two-step equations or situations with one or variable quantities in a
equations or two operations) which
expressions. Solve two-step equations or problem, e.g., tables,
expressions using one generalizes a linear
F. Algebraic Relationships

simple two-step, two expressions. graphs, functional

of the four operations. pattern.
operation patterns. notations, formulas.

Create a corresponding
algebraic expression
Describe in words the when given an
Solve two-step open
generalization for a arithmetic
sentences involving all
given one-operation operation/relationship
operations.
pattern. expressed in words.

Solve equations
involving any two
operations. Evaluate formulas with Evaluate formulas with
Ex: 3 * 4 -2=? and without context by and without context by
Ex: 12/3 +1=”box” solving for a specified solving for a specified
Ex: 5 * 2 – 1 = a variable. variable.

January, 2005 63
Objective F: Algebraic Relationships WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 10

Use properties and or Use properties and
relationships of relationships of arithmetic
arithmetical thinking to to determine what number
determine and to reason goes in a “box” to make a Identify a pair of
about what number Identify a pair of
number sentence true, equivalent numerical or
goes in a “box” to make equivalent numerical Demonstrate
• identity property of Use the commutative Use the commutative one-variable
a number sentence true, expressions where the understanding of
zero; ex: 2 + 0 = ”box” property of property of expressions when using
commutative property properties by evaluating
• identity property of • identity property of
multiplication with multiplication with commutative or
of either addition or and simplifying
e.g., zero; positive single digits. positive single digits. associative properties
one; Ex: 5 x 1 = “box” multiplication has been expressions.
Ex: 12 + 0 = “box” with addition and
• commutative property used.
adding 1 to any number, multiplication.
for addition of single-
commutative property
digits
for addition of single-
digits • Associative property
Use simple equations in Use simple equations in a
F. Algebraic Relationships

a variety of ways to variety of ways to

Sub-Skill F.c.: Properties

demonstrate the demonstrate the properties

properties above. above.
Use the inverse
relationship of Use the inverse
division and relationship of division
multiplication with and multiplication with
single digit, whole single whole digits.
numbers.
Demonstrate
Demonstrate Demonstrate
understanding of up to
understanding of Simplify (evaluate) understanding of up to
three-step order of
order of operations two-step numerical four-step order of
operations expression
by solving two-step expressions using operations expression
with and without
open sentences correct order of using parentheses, Demonstrate
context using
involving all operations. exponents and fraction understanding of
parentheses and
operations. symbol. properties by solving
exponents.
linear and quadratic
Demonstrate
Demonstrate Demonstrate equations, linear
understanding of
understanding of understanding of inequalities, and
distributive property
distributive property. distributive property. systems of linear
without variables.
equations and
Solve order of inequalities with one or
Demonstrate operations problems two variables.
understanding of order with one variable to
of operations by solving demonstrate
two-step open sentences understanding of
involving all operations. commutativity and
associativity.

64 January, 2005
Article written for the Wisconsin Mathematics Council Fall 2004 Journal

Calculator Use for Statewide Assessment

WKCE – Beginning November 2005

Background
The newest ESEA reauthorization known as No Child Left Behind (NCLB) has impacted schools
and districts nationwide. State education agencies across the United States have been
redesigning statewide assessment systems and implementing new policies and procedures in
order to comply. The NCLB federal legislation mandates yearly testing in both reading and
mathematics at grades 3-8 and once in high school. Since the mid-1990’s, Wisconsin law (WI
stats.118.30) has required testing in grades 4, 8 and 10 in reading, language arts, mathematics,
science and social studies. With the enactment of NCLB, reading and mathematics testing in
Wisconsin will be expanded to cover grades 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10. Testing of language arts,
science and social studies will continue at grades 4, 8 and 10.

WKCE Test Development

Development of the Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Examination-Criterion Referenced
Test (WKCE) for reading and mathematics began in 2003. Experts from across the state were
involved in all phases of test development. Field testing and forms calibrations of the new test
items were conducted during May and December 2004. The first official administration of
WKCE will be November 2005.

WKCE Calculator Use

During the development phase of the WKCE, educators, administrators, statewide committees
and mathematics leaders, including the Wisconsin Mathematics Council Board of Directors and
past-presidents, were consulted regarding the use of calculators on statewide assessment. The
consensus of the various groups was that calculators are a tool of mathematics and are used to
enhance learning. Calculators are not a replacement for student knowledge of basic computation
and estimation skills. The groups recommended that during statewide assessments, students
should be allowed to use the same calculator that is used for classroom instruction. It is
important to note that at grades 5-8 and 10, the WKCE items have been designed so that
scientific or graphing calculators do not give students an advantage over four-function
calculators.

In consultation with state educators, administrators, and mathematics leaders, the Wisconsin
Department of Public Instruction has established specifications for the use of calculators on
statewide mathematics assessments beginning November 2005.
9 Grades 3 & 4: - No calculators permitted during any session
9 Grades 5, 6, 7, 8, 10: - No calculator sessions and calculator required sessions
In grades 5-8, all students must have either a four-function, scientific or graphing calculator
during the calculator-required sessions. In grade 10, all students must have either a scientific or
graphing calculator. Calculators with QWERTY keyboards, infrared capabilities, memory disks
or those that perform symbolic manipulations are not permitted. Graphing calculators must have
the memory cleared prior to the test. (These are the same specifications for the current 10th grade
WKCE.) If the memory cannot be cleared prior to test administration, students are not permitted
to use that calculator and another calculator must be provided. In grades 5-8 and 10, anything
other than a four-function calculator offers no advantage to students during the test. Allowable
January, 2005 65
Article written for the Wisconsin Mathematics Council Fall 2004 Journal

accommodations for students with IEP or Section 504 plans will be specified in the test
directions.

The use of calculators on WKCE has implications for districts and schools to consider prior to
the 2005 testing window. First, it is the district’s responsibility to ensure that all students in
grades 5-8 and 10 have access to a calculator during the calculator-required sessions of WKCE.
Second, a policy regarding the type of calculator to be used at grades 5-8 and 10 needs to be
established. The use of graphing calculators on the test is a district decision and should be
aligned with the district’s curriculum and instructional practices. Third, if the district has
determined that graphing calculators will be allowed at any levels, then procedures need to be
established for disabling the specified functions. Fourth, districts and schools need to consider
how all students will have access to a calculator during the ‘calculator required’ sessions of the
mathematics test, including having students bring calculators from home or sharing calculators
across grade levels by scheduling the mathematics tests at different times or on different days.
Finally, although calculators are not permitted on the tests at grades 3 and 4, there are curricular
implications for all grade levels. It is particularly important to have discussions about the
appropriate use of calculators at early elementary grades.

Future assessment updates will continue to be distributed to districts and schools. The updates
will also be available through the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction’s Office of
Educational Accountability (OEA) website at: http://dpi.wi.gov/dpi/oea/WKCE.html.

66 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Glossary

Glossary of Terms Used in the Wisconsin Assessment Framework

A
Analyze. In Bloom’s Taxonomy this refers to Congruence. The relationship between two objects
breaking down a text into its component parts in that have exactly the same size and shape.
order to make the relationships between the ideas
more explicit. Correlation. The amount of positive or negative
relationship existing between two measures. For
Associative property. When adding or multiplying example, if the height and weight of a set of
three numbers, it doesn’t matter if the first two or the individuals were measured, it could be said that there
last two numbers are added or multiplied first. is a positive correlation between height and weight if
the data showed that larger weights tended to be
paired with larger heights and smaller weights tended
Attribute (measurable). An identifiable property of to be paired with smaller heights. The stronger those
an object, set, or event that is subject to being tendencies, the larger the measure of correlation.
measured. For example, some of the measurable
attributes of a box are its length, weight, and capacity
(how much it holds). Constructed response. On the WKCE reading test, a
type of item that requires a brief written response
from a student.
B
Criterion-referenced. An interpretation of a test
Bias. A preference or attitude that may prevent score relative to specified performance criteria.
impartial judgment.

Box plot. A graphic method that shows the D

distribution of a set of data by using the median,
quartiles, and the extremes of the data set. The box Descriptor. In the WKCE assessment framework, an
shows the middle 50% of the data; the longer the box, example of a specific knowledge or skill that may be
the greater the spread of the data. assessed on the test.

C
Direct measurement. A process of obtaining the
Cause and effect. A way of organizing text that measurement of some entity by reading a measuring
emphasizes the causal relationships between two or tool, such as a ruler for length, a scale for weight, or a
more events or situations. protractor for angle size.

Dispersion. The scattering of the values of a

Central tendencies. A number which in some way frequency distribution (of data) from an average.
conveys the “center” or “middle” of a set of data. The
most frequently used measures are the mean and the Distributive property. Property indicating a special
median. way in which multiplication is applied to addition of
two (or more) numbers. For example,
Combinations. Subsets chosen from a larger set of 5 x 23 = 5 x (20 + 3) = 5 x 20 + 5 x 3 = 100 + 15 =
objects in which the order of the items in the subset 115.
does not matter. For example, determining how many
different committees of four persons could be chosen
from a set of nine persons. (See also, Permutations) E
Commutative property. Numbers can be added or Evaluate. In Bloom’s Taxonomy this refers to
multiplied in either order. making a judgment about the value of some idea, text,
For example, 15 + 9 = 9 + 15; 3 x 8 = 8 x 3. and so on for some purpose.

January, 2005 67
Glossary WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Expanded notation. Showing place value by multiplied to find the area of that rectangle, then the
multiplying each digit in a number by the appropriate area is an indirect measurement.
power of 10. For example, 523 = 5 x 100 + 2 x 10 + 3
x 1 or 5 x 102 + 2 x 101 + 3 x 100. Integers. The set of numbers: {..., -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -
1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,...}
Exponential function. A function that can be
represented by an equation of the form Intercept. The points where a line drawn on a
y = abx + c, where a, b, and c are arbitrary, but fixed, rectangular-coordinate-system graph intersect the
numbers and a 0 and b > 0 and b 1. vertical and horizontal axes.

Exponential notation (exponent). A symbolic way Inverse. For addition: For any number N, its inverse
of showing how many times a number or variable is (also called opposite) is a number -N so that N + (-N)
used as a factor. In the notation 5 3, the exponent 3 = 0 (e.g., the opposite of 5 is -5, the opposite of -3/4
shows that 5 is a factor used three times; that is 5 3 = is 3/4).
5 x 5 x 5 =125.
For multiplication: For any number N, its inverse
(also called reciprocal) is a number N* so that N x
Extend. To draw conclusions or make predictions (N*) = 1 (e.g., the reciprocal of 5 is 1/5; the
that go beyond what is stated. reciprocal of -3/4 is -4/3.

F J–L
Framework. For the WKCE, a document developed Line of best fit. A straight line used as a best
by the Department of Public Instruction to help approximation of a summary of all the points in a
educators understand the range of coverage of the test. scatter-plot* (See definition below). The position and
slope of the line are determined by the amount of
Frequency distribution. An organized display of a correlation* (See definition above) between the two
set of data that shows how often each different piece paired variables involved in generating the scatter-
of data occurs. plot. This line can be used to make predictions about
the value of one of the paired variables if only the
Function. A relationship between two sets of other value in the pair is known.
numbers or other mathematical objects where each
member of the first set is paired with only one Line plot. A graphical display of a set of data where
member of the second set. Functions can be used to each separate piece of data is shown as a dot or mark
understand how one quantity varies in relation to (is a above a number line.
function of) changes in the second quantity. For
example, there is a functional relationship between Linear equation. An equation of the form y = ax + b,
the price per pound of a particular type of meat and where a and b can be any real number. When the
the total amount paid for ten pounds of that type of ordered pairs (x, y) that make the equation true for
meat. specific assigned values of a and b are graphed, the
result is a straight line.
G–I

Identity. For addition: The number 0; that is N + 0 = M

N for any number N. For multiplication: The number
1; that is, N x 1 = N for any number N. Matrix (pl.: matrices). A rectangular array of
numbers, letters, or other entities arranged in rows
Indirect measurement. A process where the and columns.
measurement of some entity is not obtained by the
direct reading of a measuring tool, or by counting of Maximum/minimum (of a graph). The
units superimposed alongside or on that entity. For highest/lowest point on a graph. A relative
example if the length and width of a rectangle are maximum/minimum is higher/lower than any other
point in its immediate vicinity.

68 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Glossary

Mean. The arithmetic average of a set of numerical Permutations. Possible arrangements of a set of
data. objects in which the order of the arrangement makes
a difference. For example, determining all the
Median. The middle value of an ordered set of different ways five books can be arranged in order on
numerical data. For example, the median value of the a shelf.
set {5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11,13} is 10.
Prime number. A whole number greater than 1 that
Mode. The most frequently occurring value in a set can be divided exactly (i.e., with no remainder) only
of data. For example, the mode of the set {13, 5, 9, by itself and 1. The first few primes are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11,
11, 11, 8, 10} is 11. 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37.

Model (mathematical). A [verb] and a noun. Pythagorean theorem (relationship). In a right

[Generate] a mathematical representation (e.g., triangle, c2 = a2 + b2 , where c represents the length of
number, graph, matrix, equation(s), geometric figure) the hypotenuse (the longest side of the triangle which
for real world or mathematical objects, properties, is opposite the right (angle), and a and b represent the
actions, or relationships. lengths of the other two, shorter sides of the triangle.

N Q

(Non)-Linear functional relationship. (See Quadratic function. A function that can be

definition of Function above.) Many functions can be represented by an equation of the form y = ax2 (or
represented by pairs of numbers. When the graph of ax^2) + bx + c, where a, b, and c are arbitrary, but
those pairs results in points lying on a straight line, a fixed, numbers and a 0. The graph of this function is
function is said to be linear. When not on a line, the a parabola.
function is nonlinear.
Quartiles. The 25th, 50th and 75th percentile points.
Norm-referenced. An interpretation of a test score (See definition of Percentile.)
relative to the scores of other test-takers.

R
O
Range (of a set of data). The numerical difference
Outlier. For a set of numerical data, any value that is between the largest and smallest values in a set of
markedly smaller or larger than other values. For data.
example, in the data set {3, 5, 4, 4, 6, 2, 25, 5, 6, 2}
the value of 25 is an outlier.
Rational number. A number that can be expressed
as the ratio, or quotient, of two integers, a/b, provided
P b 0. Rational numbers can be expressed as common
fractions or decimals, such as 3/5 or 0.6. Finite
decimals, repeating decimals, mixed numbers and
Patterns. Recognizable regularities in situations such whole numbers are all rational numbers.
as in nature, shapes, events, sets of numbers. For Nonrepeating decimals cannot be expressed in this
example, spirals on a pineapple, snowflakes, way, and are said to be irrational.
geometric designs on quilts or wallpaper, the number
sequence {0, 4, 8, 12, 16,...}.
Real numbers. All the numbers which can be
expressed as decimals.
Percentile. A value on a scale that indicates the
percent of a distribution that is equal to it or below it.
For example, a score at the 95th percentile is equal to
or better than 95 percent of the scores.

January, 2005 69
Glossary WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework

Real-world problems. Quantitative and spatial investigator. For example, suppose one wanted to
problems that arise from a wide variety of human gather data about the actual order of birth of boys and
experiences, applications to careers. These do not girls in families with five children. (e.g., BBGBG is
have to be highly complex ones and can include such one possibility) Rather than wait for five children to
things as making change, figuring sale prices, or be born to a single family, or identifying families that
comparing payment plans. already have five children, one could simulate births
by repeatedly tossing a coin five times. Heads vs.
Rectangular coordinate system. This system uses tails has about the same chance of happening as a boy
two (for a plane) or three (for space) mutually vs. a girl being born.
perpendicular lines (called coordinate axes) and their
point of intersection (called the origin) as the frame Slope. A measure of the steepness or incline of a
of reference. Specific locations are described by straight line drawn on a rectangular-coordinate-
ordered pairs or triples (called coordinates) that system graph. The measure is obtained by the
indicate distance from the origin along lines that are quotient “rise/run” (vertical change divided by
parallel to the coordinate axes. horizontal change) between any two points on that
line.
Rubric. A scoring guide used to evaluate a student’s
performance. Stem-and-leaf plot. A way of 1|3699
showing the distribution of a set 2|268
of data along a vertical axis. The 3|344
plot at right shows the data 13,
S 19, 33, 26, 19, 22, 34, 16, 28, Key: 1|5 means 15
34. The ten’s digits of these data
Scaling (Scale drawing). The process of drawing a are the stems and the one’s digits
figure either enlarged or reduced in size from its are the leaves.
original size. Usually the scale is given, as on a map
1 inch equals 10 miles. Summary statistics. A single number representation
of the characteristics of a set of data. Usually given
Scatter plot. Also known as scattergram or scatter by measures of central tendency and measures of
diagram. A two dimensional graph representing a set dispersion (spread).
of bi-variate data. That is, for each element being
graphed, there are two separate pieces of data. For Symmetry. A figure has symmetry if it has parts that
example, the height and weight of a group of 10 correspond with each other in terms of size, form,
teenagers would result in a scatter plot of 10 separate and arrangement. For example, a figure with line (or
points on the graph. mirror) symmetry has two halves which match each
other perfectly if the figure is folded along its line of
Scientific notation. A short-hand way of writing symmetry.
very large or very small numbers. The notation
consists of a decimal number between 1 and 10
multiplied by an integral power of 10. For example, T
47,300 = 4.73 x 4; 0.000000021 = 2.1 x 10 -8
Technical Advisory Committee. For the Wisconsin
Selected-response. A kind of test item in which a Student Assessment System, a group of nationally-
student must choose the best response from among recognized experts that meets twice a year to advise
several choices. Also known as multiple-choice. the state on technical issues related to the
assessments.
Similarity. The relationship between two objects that
have exactly the same shape but not necessarily the Transformation. A change in the size, shape,
same size. location or orientation of a figure.

Simulation. Carrying out extensive data collection Transitive property. For equality: If a=b and b=c,
with a simple, safe, inexpensive, easy-to-duplicate then a=c;
event that has essentially the same characteristics as For inequality: If a>b and b>c, then a>c; or If a<b
another event which is of actual interest to an and b<c, then a<c.

70 January, 2005
WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Glossary

Tree diagram. A schematic way of showing the

number of ways a compound event may occur. For
example, the tree diagram at the right shows the eight
possible ways the tossing of three coins could
happen.

Unit fraction. A fraction with a numerator of 1, such

as 1/4 or 1/7.

Variable. A quantity that may assume any one of a

set of values. Usually represented in algebraic
notation by the use of a letter. In the equation
y = 2x + 7, both x and y are variables.

Variance. The value of the standard deviation

squared.

Vertical angles. The pair of angles that are directly

across from each other when two straight lines
intersect. Angles a and b at the right are an example
of vertical angles.

W- Z

Whole Numbers. The numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...

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WKCE-CRT Mathematics Assessment Framework Glossary

Wisconsin Mathematics Assessment Framework

Feedback Form
We welcome your comments and questions. To use this form to provide feedback please print a copy of
this page, fill out the form, and mail or fax it to:

Viji Somasundaram
WKCE Program Manager

(608) 267-7268 Office

(608) 266-8770 FAX

visalakshi.somasundaram@dpi.wi.gov

Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction

P.O. Box 7841
Madison, WI 53707-7841

Name:
School: District:

Optional contact information:

Email: Phone:

1. Please describe your primary role in education (e.g., curriculum coordinator, director of instruction,
district administrator, parent, principal, math specialist, teacher, etc.):

2. Please answer the following questions about the mathematics assessment framework:

Key: 1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree 1 2 3 4 5

1. The framework is easy to understand.

2. The framework will be useful as we review our

curriculum.
3. The framework reflects major conceptual understandings,
principles, and theories of mathematics.
4. The framework reflects knowledge and skills that are
appropriate at each grade level.
5. The framework reflects knowledge and skills that are
relevant and engaging to students.

3. Please indicate your comments or questions:

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