JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS 1.1 Understanding Physics PHYSICS

Mechanical Energy

Mechanical Energy

Study of the natural phenomena and the properties of matter. Matter states Energy forms

Heat Energy Light Energy Wave Energy

Solid Liquid Gas

Nuclear Energy hemical Energy

#roperties of Matter

!elationship "ith energy

!elationship "ith matter

#roperties of Energy

in the fields of

Mechanics

Heat

Wave

Electronics

#roperties of matter

Light

Electricity $ Electromagnetism

%tomic #hysics $ Nuclear

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

1.2 1 ' ) +

PHYSICA !UANTITIES any !uantity that can "e measured "y a scienti#ic instrument$ % physical quantity is &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.. stop%atch& metre rule "alance&thermometer&ammeter E%a&'(es )* scienti*ic instruments etc$ (&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % +ase #$antity is a physical quantity "hich cannot *e defined in terms of other physical quantities. Study the follo"ing picture and list the physical quantities that can *e measured. 0he list of physical quantities ( 'eight& 1. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. mass& '. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. si(e& ). &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. age& +. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. temperature& ,. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. current 1. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. Po%er& 3. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. Thermal energy 4. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.

"ase #$antity

battery

List of , *asic physical quantities and their units. -ase quantity Length Mass 0ime urrent 0emperature Sym*ol l m t I T S... /nit meter )ilogram second *mppere +el,in Sym*ol for S... /nit m )g s * +

0"o quantities that have also identified as *asic quantity. 0here are (

i2 &&&&&&&&&&..unit &&&&.. ii2 &&&&&&&&&. unit -ight intensity candela *mount o# su"stance mol &&&&&..

'

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

Standard ,)r& 1 ' ) e.pression o#5 ,ery large and small num"ers Standard form 5 % 6 17n 8simpli#y 1the 9% 9 17 and n integer Standard form is used to &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&... Some physical quantities have e6tremely small magnitudes. Write the follo"ing quantities in standard form ( /$01 . 12/ m
35

1$/10 . 12341 )g a. !adius of the earth 5 1 )37 777 m 5&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. 0$2 777 . 12777 m 777 777 777 777 :11 ;g 5&&&... *. Mass of an electron 5 7.777 777 777 777 1$4 . 12 m c. Si<e of a particle 5 7.777 7) m 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 5$5 . 12 *. =iameter of an atom 5 7.777 777 73' m 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&... c. Wavelength of light 5 7.777 777 ,, m 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.. represent a large physical !uantity or e.tremely small !uantity in 7$I units$ "e#ore the as a multiplying #actor$ 1. #refi6es are usually used to unit &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&... Pre*i%es '. .t "ill *e "ritten &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ). 0he list of prefi6es (
10
12

36

31

Eg (

Tera (T) Giga (G) Mega (M) kilo (k) Hekto (ha) Deka (da) desi (d) centi (s) mili (m) micro () nano (n) pico (p)

109 106
10 3 10 1
2

1 . 1214 m 1 0m 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&. 0$/ . 1230* ).1 m% 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&. Ho" to change the unit > Eg ( / 1. Mega to nano1$00 M* 8 1$00 . 12 * 8 1$00 . 12 /393:; n* 8 1$00 . 12 315 n* '. 0era to micro1$40 Tm to unit m unit 1$40 Tm 8 1$40 . 12 14m 8 1$40 . 12 14 < 93/;m 8 1$40 . 12 16m

10 10-1 0 10 10-2

10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12

). pi;o to Mega 545/ p* to M* unit 545/ p* 8 5$45/ . 12 0 > 9314; p* 8 5$45/ . 12 3:p* 8 5$45/ . 12 3: <9/; M* 8 5$45/ . 12 315 M*

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

+. Some physical quantities have e6tremely large magnitudes. 0hese e6tremely large and small values can *e "ritten in standard *)r& or using standard 're*i%es. Write the quantities in standard prefi6es( :$1 . 12 1M'( a. ?requency of radio "ave 5 :1 777 777 H< 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. 14$6 Mm 8 1$46 . 12 1 Mm *. =iameter of the earth 5 1' 477 777 m 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 060 Mm 8 0$60 . 12 4 Mm c. =istance *et"een the moon and the earth 5 )4) 777 777 m 5 &&&&&&&&& /$2 . 12 14 Tm d. Mass of the earth 5 1 777 777 777 777 777 777 777 777 ;g 5 &&&&&&&&& Deri-ed #$antities 1 ' a physical !uantity %hich com"ines se,eral "asic !uantities % derived quantity is &&.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& through multiplication& di,ision or "oth &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& =etermine the derived unit for the follo"ing derived quantities Deri-ed #$antity area volume density velocity momentum %cceleration ?orce pressure "eight "or; po"er
;inetic energy

,)r&$(a
area 5 length 6 "idth volume 5 length 6 "idth 6 height density = ,elocity = mass ,olume

Deri-ed $nit
m 6 m 5 m' m 6 m 6 m 5 m) ;g m) = ;g m )

Na&e )* deri-ed $nit

displacement time

m = m s 1 s
4 )g m ;g s34 @ m m sA1

momentum 5 mass 6 velocity change in ,elocity acceleration = time force 5 mass 6 acceleration pressure = #orce area

m s 34 )g ms

Nm Js

)g m31 s34 @ 9Nm34; 1 9N; = m s A1 sNe%ton

Joule 9J;
Ne"ton BN2

;g m sA'
31

Aatt 9A; Joule 9J;

34 "eight 5 mass 6 gravitational acceleration +g ms

"or; 5 force 6 displacement po%er = %or) time

1 +$? = mass ,elocity 4 '

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

Deri-ed #$antity
potential energy charge voltage resistance

,)r&$(a
#.E 5 mass 6 gravitational acceleration 6 height

Deri-ed $nit +g ms34

Na&e )* deri-ed $nit

charge 5 current 6 time

Coulom" 9C; Bolt 9,;

Euantity %hich has only magnitude or si(e "or; voltage = J C31 Mass& -ength& 7peed& ,olume charge
resistance =

Euantity %hich has magnitude or si(e and direction$ ,oltage , *31 Chm 9D; Belocity& Force& Fisplacement& current *cceleration

Note that the physical quantities such as "idth8 thic;ness8 height8 distance8 displacement8 perimeter8 radius and diameter are equivalent to length. 1.. 1 ' ) SCA AR AND /ECTOR !UANTITIES Scalar quantities are &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& G E6amples ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Cector quantities are&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&... G G E6amples ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& y Study the follo"ing description of events carefully and then decide "hich events require magnitude8 direction or *oth to specify them. G G

=escription of events Magnitude =irection 7 1. 0he temperature in the room is ', '. 0he location of %yer Hitam is 17 ;m to the northA "est of Dohor -ahru measuring instrument %ith di##erent measuring capa"ilities$ ). 0he po"er of the electric *ul* is 47 W +. % car is travelling at 47 ;m hA1 from Dohor -ahru to Euala Lumpur 1.0 1EASURE1ENTS measure a particular !uantity$

Using A''r)'riate Instr$&ents t) 1eas$re 1 ' 0here are various types of&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. We must ;no" ho" to choose the appropriate instrument to &&&&&&&&&&&..

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

is use to determine the ,olume o# li!uid$ E6amples of instrument and its measuring a*ility. Measuring instrument Measuring tape Meter rule Cernier caliper Micrometer scre" gauge
!ange o" meas#rement $mallest scale di%ision

Ip to a #e% meters 1m 12 cm

2$1 cm 2$1 cm 92$21 m; 2$21 cm 2$221 cm 92$21 mm;

less than Sample of measuring instruments ( 4 cm 942 mm;

is use to determine the length 0.1 A&&eter ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.. incorret reading correct 1 2 3 1 2 is use 3 to measure electric current 0 ' reading
0 '

pointer

mirror

pointer

mirror

#ointerFs image can *e seen

#ointerFs image is *ehind the pointer

+.' 1eas$ring cy(inder ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.................... "rong position of eye !ight position of eye Beye are in a line perpendicular to the plane of the scale2 small o"Hect depth o# a hole "rong position or of eye e.ternal diameter o# a cylinder pipe internal diameter o# a pipe or tu"e
water

2$1 cm

+.) R$(er ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

+.+ Cernier calliper % venier calliper is used to measure ( a. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&*. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. c. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&d. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. % vernier calliper gives readings to an accuracy of &&&&&&&&&&&&&...&. cm.

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

inside ,a&s +ernier scale cm 0 1

o#tside ,a&s

' Main scale S2A A UTA1A

13

Main scale in cm

Length of vernier scale 5 &&& cm Cernier scale is divided into 17 divisions

2$:

0 0 ( 10

Length of the divisions 5 &&&. cm 0he differenct *et"een the main scale and vernier scale 2$21 cm is 5 &&&&&&&&&&&. cm
0 1 cm

2$2:

+ernier scale

Main scale

2$4 cm ) ******* 2$4/ cm

1 2 3 ' (

6 - . 9 10

2$2/ cm +ernier scale ) *******

/ind the di%ision o" %ernier scale &hich is coincides &ith an0 part o" the main scale

0he diagram *elo" sho"s a vernier calliper "ith reading.

17

2$15 Cernier calliper reading 5 &&&&&. cm

+., Micrometer scre" gauge. % micrometer scre" gauge is used to measure ( o"Hects that are small in si(e a. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& diameter o# a %ire *. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. diameter o# small spheres such as "all "earings c. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Gne complete turn of the thim*le B,7 division2 moves the spindle *y 7.,7 mm. =ivision of thim*le 2$5 J 52 5 &&&&&&&.. 2$21 mm 5 &&&&&&&.. % accuracy of micrometer 2$21 mm scre" gauge 5 &&&&&..

4$5 mm Sleeve scale ( &&&&& 2$44 mm 0him*le scale ( &&&&. 4$/4 mm 0otal reading ( &&&&..
3

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

E6ample ( 4$2 mm Sleeve scale ( &&&&& 2$44 mm 0him*le scale ( &&&&. 4$44 mm 0otal reading ( &&&&... +.1 Some others measuring instruments (

*nalogue stop%atch digital stop%atch thermometer &&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&& &&&..

miliammeter

Measuring tape &&&&&&&&&. appropriate instruments.

measuring cylinder &&&&&&&&..

"ea)er &&&&&&

HandsAon activity 1.1 on page 1 of the practical *oo; to learn more a*out choosing E%ercise: /ernier Ca((i'ers And 1icr)&eter Scre5 6a$ge 1. Write do"n the readings sho"n *y the follo"ing Ba2 3 4
%ns"er( &1$1: cm&&&&..

17

B*2

# 7

H 17

%ns"er( K4$41 cmKKKK$$

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

Bc2

%ns"er( KK/$46 cmKKK$$

Bd2

%ns"er( K2$24 cmKKKK$$

17

'. Ba2 0he follo"ing diagram sho"s the scale of a vernier calliper "hen the Ia"s are closed.
7 1

17

Jero error 5 &2$24&&& cm B*2. 0he follo"ing diagram sho"s the scale of the same vernier calliper "hen there are +7 pieces of card*oard *et"een the Ia"s.
, 1

17

!eading sho"n

5 &5$/4&&.cm

orrected reading 5 &5$/4&&..cm

Ba2
7

the readings sho"n *y the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges. B*2

),

30

%ns"er( &&&&&&&&&&. Bc2

%ns"er(&&&&&&&.. Bd2

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide 7

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

', '7

'7 1,

%ns"er(&&&&&&&&&&

%ns"er(&&&&&&&&.

+. Ba2 =etermine the readings of the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges.

Jero error 5 &2$24&&.. mm

Jero error 5 &2$20&&.. mm

B*2 =etermine the readings of the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges.

, 7

1,

Jero error 5 2$20&&&mm

!eading sho"n

5 /$/1&&&..mm

orrected reading 5 /$/4&&&..mm ,. Write do"n the readings sho"n *y the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges. Ba2 B*2
7 , +7
0 5 10 35

),

30

%ns"er( &/$66 mm&&&& Bc2

%ns"er( &..14$04 mm&& Bd2

', '7

%ns"er(&&&+.31 mm&&&&

%ns"er(

:.13 mm&&&&

1. Ba2 =etermine the readings of the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges.

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

7 +,

Jero error 5 K32$24 mm

Jero error 5 &2$20.. mm

B*2 =etermine the readings of the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges.

, 7

1,

Jero error 5 &2$20.mm

!eading sho"n

5 &./$/1..mm

orrected reading 5 &/$/4..mm Acc$racy and c)nsistency in &eas$re&ents. The a"ility o# an instrument to measure nearest to the actual ,alue 1. %ccuracy ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& '. The a"ility o# an instrument to measure consistently %ith little or no relati,e onsistency (de,iation &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& among readings$

The a"ility o# an instrument to detect a small change in the !uantity measured$ ). Sensitivity ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

consistent "ut inaccurate consistent and accurate inaccurate and not consistent &&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&..

target

*ccurate "ut not consistent inaccurate "ut consistent inaccurate "ut not consistent &&&&&&&&.. &&&&&&&&&&&.. &&&&&&&&&&&& HandsAon activity 1.' on page ' of the practical *oo; to determine the sensitivity of some measuring instruments.

target

11

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide Errors in measurements

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

o# appro.imation only$ 1. %ll measurements are values &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ho% close the measurement is to the actual ,alue$ '. .n other "ord8 it is a matter of &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& error e.ist in all measurements$ ). 0his is *ecause &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& +. 0"o main types of errors( 7ystematic errors +.1 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Gccurs due to ( a %ea)ness o# the instrument Le#er to the smallest reading that can "e measured "y an instrument$ a2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& the di##erence "et%een reaction time o# the "rain and the action$ *2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& (ero error is %hen the pointer is not at (ero %hen not in use$ c2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ( smallest reading 8 2$1 cm I#& E6amplesthe Lange o# the measuring instrument < cm a"solute error $ Then& *"solute error 8 2$1 @ 4 8 2$25 a2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Leaction time o# the "rain$ *2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& It occurs "ecause the position o# the eye is not perpendicular to the scale o# the Initial reading is not at the (ero scale < (ero error instrument$ c2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A+s)($te err)r ( %rong &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. right position o# the eye 9no error; &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&. E6ample ( %here the pointer is not at (ero %hen not in use %rong

Para((a% err)r : &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

>2$20 cm 3 2$24 cm

1 0 1 2 3 ' ( 6 - . 9 10

cm

cm

7er) err)r : &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&... orrect reading 5 o*served reading @ <ero error #ositive <ero error
2ero error )
0 1 2 3 ' ( 6 - . 9 10

negative <ero error 2ero error )

Hori<ontal reference
1'

Hori<ontal ) divisions a*ove reference ' divisions *elo" hori<ontal reference hori<ontal reference

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

#ositive <ero error Jero error 5

Jero error of scre" meter gauge Jero error 5

Landom error +.' &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.. Gccurs due to carelessness in ma)ing the measurement$ a2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& paralle. error & incorrect positioning o# the eye %hen ta)ing the readings$ *2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& change o# am"ient #actors such as temperature or air circulation$ c2 sudden &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E6ample ( Leadings are close to the actual ,alue "ut they are not consistent$ a2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..& Can "e minimi(ed "y consistently repeating the measurement at di##erent places in *2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.. an identical manner$ 1.4 SCIENCETI,IC IN/ESTI6ATION Steps 1 Ma;ing o*servation =ra"ing inferences
34planation

Gather all a,aila"le in#ormation a"out the o"Hect or phenomenon "e studied$ Ising the #i,e senses& sight& hearing& touch& taste and smell$

to

'

* conclusion #rom an o"ser,ation or phenomena using in#ormation that already e.ist$

Baria"les are #actors or physical !uantities %hich change in the course o# a scienti#ic in,estigation$ There are three ,aria"les : i$ Manipulated ,aria"les < physical !uantity %hich change according to the aim o# the e.periment$ .dentifying ii$ Lesponding ,aria"les < physicals !uantity %hich is the result o# and controlling the changed "y manipulated ,aria"le$ varia*les iii$ Fi.ed ,aria"les < physicals !uantities %hich are )ept constantduring the e.periment$ 7tatement o# relationship "et%een the manipulated ,aria"le and the responding ,aria"le those %e %ould e.pect$ 'ypothesis can either "e true or #alse$

?ormulating a hypothesis i$ Conduct an e.periment includes the compilation and interpretation o# data$ ii$ Ma)ing a conclusion regarding the ,alidity o# the hypothesis$
1)

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

onducting e6periments

P(an and re')rt an e%'eri&ent Situation ( % fe" children are playing on a different length of s"ing in a playground. .t is found that the time of oscillation for each s"ing is different. Steps
1 2 3 '

E6ample ( refer to the situation a*ove The period o# the oscillation depends on the length o# the pendulum$ Ahen the length o# the pendulum increases& the period o# the oscillation increases$ In,estigate the relationship "et%een length and period o# a simple pendulum$ Manipulated ,aria"le : the length o# the pendulum$ Lesponding ,aria"le : Period Fi.ed ,aria"le : the mass o# the pendulum and the displacement$

.nference Hypothesis %im Caria*les

List of apparatus and materials

Letort stand

protractor

ll

"o"

1+

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics 1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the figure above. 2. Measure the length of the pendulum,l = 6 . !m b" using a meter rule. #. Give the pendulum bob a small displa!ement # .Time of 1 os!illations is measured b" using a stop wat!h. $. %epeat the timing for another 1 os!illations. &al!ulate the average time. 'eriod = t1 os!illations 1 (. %epeat steps 2, # and $ using l = ( . !m, $ . !m, # . !m and 2 . !m 8ength9l 6 cm 60 0 (0 0 '0 0 30 0 20 0 Time "or 10 oscillations 6 s 2 1 5%erage 1( . 1( 1( . 1( 0 1( 0 1( 0 13 1 13 1 13 1 11 9 11 9 11 9 99 99 99 7eriod6 s (T ) t10610) 1 (. 1 (0 1 31 1 19 0 99

#rocedures

0a*ulate the data

%nalyse the data

T6s 1' 12 10 0. 06 0' 02

Graf of period, T vs pendulums length, l

10

20

30

'0

(0

60 l / cm

1 7

=iscussion

onclusion 1 1

're!autions ) 1. *s!illation time is measured when the pendulum attained a stead" state. 2. Time for 1 os!illations is repeated twi!e to in!rease a!!ura!". #. +is!ussion ,refer to given -uestions. The period in!reases when the length of the pendulum in!reases. /"pothesis a!!epted.

1,

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

Rein*)rce&ent Cha'ter 1 Part A :O+8ecti-e !$esti)n 1. Which of the follo"ing is a *ase S. quantityK % Weight - Energy Celocity D Mass '. Which of the follo"ing is a derived quantityK % Length - Mass 0emperature D Voltage ). Which of the follo"ing is not a *asic unitK A Newton - ;ilogram ampere = second +. Which of the follo"ing quantities cannot *e derivedK A Electric current - #o"er Momentum = ?orce ,. Which of the follo"ing quantities is not derived from the *asic physical quantity of lengthK A Electric charge - =ensity Celocity = Colume 1. .nitial velocity u8 final velocity ,8 time t and another physical quantity ) is related *y the equation , 3 u 5 )t$ 0he unit for ) is % m sA1 - mA1 s C m s-2 = m' sA' 3. Which of the follo"ing has the smallest magnitudeK % megametre - centimetre ;ilometre D mikrometre 4. + )'4 777 777 mm in standard form is % +.)'4 6 17A: m - +.)'4 6 17A1 m C 4.328 x !" m = +.)'4 6 17: m :. Which of the follo"ing measurements is the longestK % 1.' 6 17A, cm # 2! x !-4 $m 7.1' mm = 1.' 6 17A11 ;m 17. 0he diameter of a particle is ',7 m. What is its diameter in cmK A 2.% x !-2 - '., 6 17A+ '., 6 17A1 = '., 6 17A4 11. Which of the follo"ing prefi6es is arranged in ascending orderK % mili8 senti8 mi;ro8 desi # mikro& mili& senti& $esi mili8 mi;ro8 desi8 senti = desi8 mi;ro8 mili8 senti 1'. Celocity8 density8 force and energy are % *asic quantities - scalar quantities C $eri'e$ (uantities = vector quantities 1). Which of the follo"ing sho"s the correct conversion of unitsK % '+ mm) 5'.+ 6 17A1 m) # 3!! mm3)3.! x !-* m3 477 mm)54.7 6 17A' m) = 1 777 mm)51.7 6 17A+ m) 1+. Which of the follo"ing measurements is the shortest K % ).+, 6 17) m # 3.4% x !4 cm ).+, 6 173 mm = ).+, 6 171' m 1,. 0he Hit< ?M channel *roadcasts radio "aves at a frequency of :'.4 MH< in the north region. What is the frequency of the radio "ave in H<K % :.'4 6 17+ - :.'4 6 17, C +.28 x !* = :.'4 6 1717 11. %n o*Iect moves along a straight line for time8 t. 0he length of the line8 s is given *y the equation s = S. unit of g is % m' s' - m s-2 sA1 = sA' m
11 1 ' gt . 0he '

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

Part " : Str$ct$re !$esti)n 1. % car moves "ith an average speed of 3, ;m hA1 from to"n # to to"n H in ' hours as sho"n in ?igure 1. -y using this information8 you may calculate the distance *et"een the t"o to"ns. # H

?igure 1 Ba2 Bi2 -ased on the statements given8 state t"o *asic quantities and their respective S. units. Fistance : m and time : s &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Bii2 State a derived quantity and its S. unit. 31 7peed < m s = &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& .2 0 1 # m B*2 onvert the value
= 2. 0 1
2

1 . m to standard form. , 6 17A)

Bc2

omplete 0a*le 1 *y "riting the of each given prefi6. 12 1 value

%or) Force displacement )gms m 1 = 3nit = = 4g m2 s1# time time s Bd2 #o"er is defined as the rate of change of "or; done. =erive the unit for po"er in terms of its *asic units.

0a*le 'ower =

'

Be2

alculate=the $2 volume 0 1 16 of a "ooden *loc; "ith dimension of 3 cm8 , cm *readth and 1' cm height m) 0 and convert its value in standard form. = in $.2 1 1$ m#

5olume = ,6 0 1

12

. ,( 0 1

12

. ,12 0 1

12

13

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

'. ?igure ' sho"s an ammeter of 7L) % range.

?igure ' Mirror Ba2 Bi2 Name component M. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&... To a,oid paralla. error Bii2 What is the function of MK &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. B*2 0a*le ' sho"s three current readings o*tained *y three students.

No 0a*le ' range$ 0rd readings o"tained "y student 4 and 0 are out o# the meter Bi2 =id all the students use the ammeter in ?igure'K ..&&&&&&&&&&&&&. Bii2 E6plain your ans"er in B*2Bi2. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ). ?igure ) sho"s the meniscus of "ater in a measuring cylinder E8 L8 and M are three eye positions "hile measuring the volume of the "ater. Ba2 Bi2 Which of the eye positions is correct "hile ta;ing the reading of the volume of "aterK &&. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&

The cohesi,e #orce is larger than14 the adhesi,e #orce

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide

Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

?igure ) B*2 0he "ater in the measuring cylinder is replaced "ith )7 cm) of mercury. Bi2 .n ?igure +8 dra" the meniscus of the mercury in the measuring cylinder. ?igure + Bii2 E6plain "hy the shape of the meniscus of mercury is as dra"n in B*2Bi2. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

1: