Grade 10 Math Formula Sheet
Linear Systems Substitution Step1: isolate a variable with the coefficient of 1 Step2: substitute isolated variable into 2nd equation With ractions Step1: !et rid of fractions by multiplyin! denominators by all Step2: isolate variable with coefficient 1 Step": substitution isolated variable into 2nd equation #limination 1 $ if you don%t already have one variable with the same coefficient with opposite si!ns in both equations Step1: identify which variable to be eliminated Step2: need to multiply one or both equations be inte!ers so that both equations would have one variable with the same coefficient with opposite si!ns #limination 2 Step1: if there is a positive and ne!ative variable& line them up and add columns Step2: substitute the found variable into other equation' chec( LS = )S y=mx +b *nalytic +eometry ,idpoint-. ,/x& y0 = /x1 + x2& y1 +y20 2 2 Slope-. rise -. y2- y1 run x2- x1 Len!th -. *1= /x2- x10 + /y2-y10 ,edian Step1: find midpoint of line opposin! the identified vertex Step2: connect them& find len!th of median Step": find slope of the median Step2: find the equation of the line for median +eometric 3roperties 4entroid: the point where all three medians intersect ormula-. /x1+ x2 + x"& y1+ y2+ y"0 " " 4ircles 4entred at the ori!in )adius-. x + y 4entred at a random point )adius-.x + y = r 5iameter-. d=2r 6uadratic )elations Simplest quadratic-. y=x inite differences- differences found from the yvalues in tables with evenly spaced x-values irst differences are the same means its linear Second differences are the same means its quadratic
y =a/x-h0 + ( (- vertical translation' vertex%s y value if (<7 -. move down ( units #x: y=/x+20 +1 if (>7 -. move up ( units #x: y=/x-80 -9 a- vertical stretch or compression if 7<a 1 -. vertical compression #x: y=7:;/x-10+< if a>1 -. vertical stretch #x: y="/x+20-8 if a is ne!ative-. flips !raph on x-axis #x: y=-2/x-20 /x+20 h- hori=ontal translation' vertex%s x value if h<7 -. move left h units #x: y=/x+"0 if h>7 -. move ri!ht h units #x: y=/x-20 y=a/x-r0/x-s0 r and s are the x intercepts a- vertical stretch or compression if 7<a 1 -. vertical compression #x: y=7:;/x-10+< if a>1 -. vertical stretch #x: y="/x+20-8 if a is ne!ative-. flips !raph on x-axis #x: y=-2/x-20 /x+20 >e!ative exponents When a non-=ero base is raised to a ne!ative exponent& the result is the reciprocal of the base raised to the positive of the exponent #very number with exponent of 7 equals 1 Ari!onometry of )i!ht Arian!les 4on!ruent-. identical shape and si=e Similar-. identical shape but different si=e Scale actor (-. the factors that relate correspondin! side len!ths of two similar trian!les *14 5# 6uadratic #quations 4ompletin! the square is ma(in! y=ax + bx + c into y=a/x-h0 +( or find vertex-. -b 2a 6uadratic ormula-. 6uadratic #xpressions 5istributive 3roperty /x-?0/x+?0 or /x-@+?0 Step1: multiply the two binomials Step2: simplify by collectin! terms /a+b0 = a + 2ab + b or /a-b0 = a $ 2ab + b x + bx + c -. /x+r0/x+s0 Step1: find 2 inte!ers whose product is c and whose sum is b ax +bx +c = 7 Step1: multiply a by c Step2: brea( up middle term& solve
Aan!ent )atio /only ri!ht an!le trian!les0 Step1: identify what is to be found Side len!th- cross multiply& to !et the variable isolated& solve *n!le- divide opposite side len!th by adBacent or opposite side len!th& inverse Aan to !et an!le Aan=opposite adBacent Sine )atio /only ri!ht an!le trian!les0 Step1: identify what is to be found Side len!th- cross multiply& to !et the variable isolated& solve *n!le- divide opposite side len!th by hypotenuse side len!th& inverse sine to !et an!le Sin= opposite hypotenuse 4osine )atio /only ri!ht an!le trian!les0 Step1: identify what is to be found Side len!th- cross multiply& to !et the variable isolated& solve *n!le- divide opposite side len!th by hypotenuse side len!th& inverse cosine to !et an!le 4os= adBacent hypotenuse 3roper labels for a trian!le *14 *
Ari!onometry of *cute *n!les Sine Law /all trian!les0 When have an an!le& side& an!le /*S*0 * = 1 = 4 sin* sin1 sin4 4osine Law /all trian!les0 Cnly two situations that we use this law: side& an!le& side /S*S0 or " sides /SSS0 a = b + c $ 2bc 4os* b = a + c $ 2ac 4os1 c = c + b $ 2cb 4os4
3ytha!orean Aheorem a+b=c a b
c b
1 a
,edian *ltitude 3erpendicular 1isector Square )ectan!le 3arallelo!ram )hombus Dite Arape=oid )i!ht *n!le Arian!le Esosceles Arian!le Scalene Arian!le #quilateral Arian!le
