FAARFIELD 1.
3 Hands on Training
1. Data Entry
Federal Aviation Administration
Presented to: VIII ALACPA Airport Pavement Seminar & VI FAA Airport Pavement Workshop Buenos Aires, Argentina By: David R. Brill, P.E., Ph.D. Date: 2 September 2011
FAARFIELD What Is It?
Federal Aviation Administration Rigid and Flexible Iterative Elastic Layered Design
FAARFIELD is the new FAA airport pavement thickness design program. FAARFIELD supersedes LEDFAA 1.3 as the standard design procedure in FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 150/5320-6E. Officially released September 30, 2009. Current version is 1.305 (posted 1/18/11)
Federal Aviation Administration 2
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
FAARFIELD Version 1.305
Upgrade was posted January 2011. Now compatible with Windows 7.0 and the 32- and 64-bit versions of Windows Vista.
Previous versions of FAARFIELD (up to 1.302) were not compatible with newer 64-bit operating systems. Link to previous version (1.302) is still maintained.
Design outputs from FAARFIELD are not affected by this version upgrade.
FAARFIELD 1.305 Screen Shot
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
FAARFIELD Technical Background
Computer program for desktop PCs. Program preserves the look and feel of LEDFAA 1.3. Major changes are internal. Main program drives three subprograms:
LEAF (layered elastic analysis) NIKE3D (3D finite element analysis) INGRID (3D mesh generation)
NIKE3D and INGRID information:
Modified for FAARFIELD by the FAA Distributed in compiled form under a software sharing agreement with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
Structural Models in FAARFIELD
Both layered elastic (LEAF) and 3D-FEM (NIKE3D) are used in FAARFIELD. Flexible pavement design
LEAF is used for all structural computations. For flexible, no advantage to using 3D-FEM.
2a q E1, 1 E2, 2 E3, 3 h1 h2
Rigid pavement design
LEAF is used to generate a preliminary thickness. Final iterations are done using 3D-FEM.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
FAARFIELD System/Software Requirements
Minimum Windows 2000 600 MHz Pentium III processor 256 MB memory 200 MB of available space on hard drive. Users of older operating systems may require a one-time installation of the .NET Framework (free download from Microsoft). Recommended Windows 7, Vista, XP or higher.* 2 GHz Pentium IV processor 512 MB memory Users of older operating systems may require a one-time installation of the .NET Framework (free download from Microsoft).
*Note: FAARFIELD 1.305 supports 64-bit operating systems. Users of Windows 7.0 and Vista 64-bit versions must install FAARFIELD version 1.305.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011 Federal Aviation Administration
Running FAARFIELD:
Program Windows and Linkage
NOTES
Additional Section Information and Detailed Output Data
STARTUP
Control and Organization
OPTIONS
Set User Options and Tolerances
Export XML
STRUCTURE
Structure Data Input and Design
AIRCRAFT
Aircraft Load and Traffic Data Input
AIRCRAFT DATA
View Landing Gear Geometry, Load, and Tire Pressure
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
FAARFIELD Input Requirements
Structure Window
For each structural layer:
Material type (FAA specification) Layer Thickness Modulus or R-value (if applicable)
Aircraft Window
Select airplane from library. For each airplane in the mix:
Aircraft Name Gross Taxi Weight Annual departures and percent annual growth if applicable
There are built-in restrictions on the layer types, including relative position and layer properties. For subgrade, can enter CBR or k and FAARFIELD will convert to E.
Enter data for all airplanes in the mix.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
FAARFIELD External Files
New Flexible Pavements Flexible Overlays on Flexible Pavements
LeafSG.out Subgrade layer responses for flexible pavement. LeafAC.out HMA surface layer responses for a flexible pavement.
New Rigid Pavements, Rigid Overlays on Rigid Pavement Flex Overlays on Rigid Pavement
NikePCC.out Stresses at the bottom of PCC layer. Nike3d.txt 3D finite element summary output file. n3dhsp 3D finite element detailed output file.
Common Files
Storage files:
*.JOB.xml job files (XML format) contain data required by FAARFIELD for all the sections in one job. *.DES.xml design information files generated by Save XML command. *.nts notes files (contain user entered information)
Legacy Files
Leaf.loa and Leaf.str Load and structure definition files compatible with programs LEDNEW and Juleaww.exe
Help file: faarfield.chm. External airplane file: FAAAirplaneLibrary.xml
Federal Aviation Administration 9
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
FAARFIELD Job Files (JOB.xml)
Job files in FAARFIELD 1.3 are in XML format. This is a different format than previous job files in LEDFAA. FAARFIELD looks for old job files in the working directory and automatically converts them to the new XML format.
After reading, the old job files are moved to a subdirectory of the working directory called old_job_files. All subsequent changes are written to the JOB.xml files only. The old job files are not changed.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011 Federal Aviation Administration 10
Cumulative Damage Factor (CDF)
Sums the damage contributed from each aircraft not from equivalent aircraft. CDF = (ni /Ni), where:
ni = actual passes of individual aircraft i Ni = allowable passes of individual aircraft i
When CDF = 1, design life is exhausted. In FAARFIELD (and LEDFAA 1.3):
The gear location and wander are considered separately for each aircraft in the total mix. CDF is calculated for each 25.4 cm (10 inch) wide strip over a total 20.83 m (820 inch) width. Miners rule to sum damage for each strip.
Must input the fleet mix, NOT equivalent departures of design aircraft.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011 Federal Aviation Administration 11
Cumulative Damage Factor (CDF)
25.4 cm (10 in.) Total Damage
CDF
Damage from Airplane A
Damage from Airplane B
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
12
FAARFIELD CDF Graphical Display
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
13
Remember - in FAARFIELD
=
Use the entire traffic mix!
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011 Federal Aviation Administration 14
Data Input in FAARFIELD
Federal Aviation Administration
Presented to: VIII ALACPA Airport Pavement Seminar & VI FAA Airport Pavement Workshop Buenos Aires, Argentina By: David R. Brill, P.E., Ph.D. Date: 2 September 2011
Starting Screen No Job Files Created
Click on New Job
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
16
Creating/Naming a Job File
Enter Job Title
Click OK
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
17
Copy Basic Section/Pavement Type from Samples
Click on Samples
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
18
Copy Basic Section/Pavement Type from Samples
Default Basic Pavement Sections
Click on Copy Section
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
19
7 Basic Starting Structures in FAARFIELD
Section Name Pavement Type ACAggregate AConFlex AConRigid NewFlexible New Rigid PCConFlex PCConRigid New flexible on aggregate base HMA overlay on flexible pavement HMA overlay on rigid pavement New flexible on stabilized base New rigid on stabilized base PCC Overlay on flexible Unbonded PCC on rigid
Be sure to select the pavement type that most correctly represents your design requirements.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011 Federal Aviation Administration 20
Copy a Sample Pavement Section
Click on desired pavement section.
Then click on the project where the section will be saved.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
21
Create a New Job Title
Enter job title Click OK
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
22
Create a New Job Title
Click End Copy
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
23
Working With a Pavement Section
Select the job and then the section you want to analyze.
Click on Structure to open the file.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
24
Working With a Pavement Section
The selected sample pavement will appear. By default, FAARFIELD uses U.S. units. To change to metric, hit Alt-O to bring up the Options window. Select Metric and hit OK.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011 Federal Aviation Administration 25
Working With a Pavement Section
Thickness and modulus are now given in metric units.
Click on Modify Structure to modify the structure.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
26
Modifying a Pavement Section
Click on the box for the layer material type you want to modify.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
27
Modifying a Pavement Section
Select the layer type you want to include in the pavement section. (No modification for this example) Click OK (Cancel for this example)
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
28
Layer Placement Restrictions
There are restrictions on placement of certain pavement layers, e.g.:
Cannot place an overlay below a surface course. Cannot have two aggregate base layers (P-209 on P-209) in the structure. Aggregate layer cannot be the surface layer.
Some layer changes cause changes in the pavement type.
Changing the surface HMA layer to PCC will change the pavement type to new rigid.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011 Federal Aviation Administration 29
Modifying a Pavement Section
Click on a property in this area to modify it. Change the layer thicknesses in this example.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
30
Modifying a Pavement Section
Click on the P-401 Surface thickness. Enter the new value of 125 mm. Hit OK. Next, change the P-401/P-403 stabilized base layer to 200 mm.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
31
Modifying a Pavement Section
Click on the subgrade CBR to change the value. Enter the new value for the material property. Click OK. **Some materials will have limits on allowable values.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
32
Layer Types in FAARFIELD
Layer Type P-401/P-403 HMA Surface P-401/P-403 HMA Base P-501 PCC Surface P-306 Econocrete Base Fixed Modulus 1,379 MPa (200,000 psi) 2,760 MPa (400,000 psi) 27,600 MPa (4,000,000 psi) 4,830 MPa (700,000 psi)
P-304 Cement Treated Base 3,450 MPa (500,000 psi) P-301 Soil Cement Base 1,724 MPa (250,000 psi Layer moduli for P-209 crushed aggregate and P-154 uncrushed aggregate layers are determined internally in the program.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011 Federal Aviation Administration 33
Modifying a Pavement Section
New values appear in the structure window.
When done changing properties, click End Modify
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011 Federal Aviation Administration
34
Enter Traffic Mixture
Click on Airplane to enter traffic mix
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
35
Enter Traffic Mixture
Use Clear List to clear the existing airplanes
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
36
Enter Traffic Mixture
For each airplane: Click on the desired airplane group. Then select the desired airplane from the library and click Add Repeat for the complete traffic mixture.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
37
Traffic Mix for This Example
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Name A320-100 A340-600 std A340-600 std Belly A380-800 B737-800 B747-400B Combi B747-400 ER Pass. B757-300 B767-400 ER B777-300 ER B787-8 (Preliminary) Gross Wt., tns. 68.400 365.200 365.200 562.001 79.243 397.801 414.130 124.058 204.570 352.441 220.446 Annual Departures 600 1,000 1,000 300 2,000 400 300 1,200 800 1,000 600 Annual Growth, % 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Federal Aviation Administration 38
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Enter Traffic Mixture
The job file Workshop.JOB.xml is included on your CD handouts. The traffic list stored in this job file is the same as the one in this example. Hint: To avoid typing the airplane list by hand, try copying the above job file to the working directory and opening it in FAARFIELD.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
39
Enter Traffic Mixture
Certain airplanes may appear in the list twice. This is to address the presence of wing gears and belly gears. FAARFIELD treats these as two airplanes. However, the weight and departures are interlocked.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
40
Adjusting Airplane Information
Gross Taxi Weight, Annual Departures and % Annual Growth may be modified.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
41
Adjusting Airplane Information
- Gross Weight
Enter the new weight and click OK
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
42
Adjusting Airplane Information
- Gross Weight
There are limitations on changes to airplane gross weights. A range is provided for each airplane which represents reasonable weights for the airplane:
Default Weight 40% Default Weight + 25%
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
43
Annual Departures in FAARFIELD
Annual departures has the same meaning as in the previous design procedure. Arrivals are ignored. For design purposes, FAARFIELD uses the total annual departures, multiplied by the design period in years:
e.g., 1200 annual departures 20 years = 24,000 departures.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
44
Adjusting Airplane Information
- % Annual Growth of Annual Departures
Click on the annual growth value to bring up the dialog box. Enter the percent annual growth and click OK.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
45
Adjusting Airplane Information
- % Annual Growth of Annual Departures
Allowable range of percent annual growth is +/- 10%. You can create the same effect by modifying the annual departures.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
46
Viewing Airplane Information
Scroll over to reveal additional columns of information.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
47
Viewing Airplane Information
Available in FAARFIELD Airplane Screen:
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
48
Viewing Airplane Information
Values in CDF and P/C ratio columns will be zero when airplanes are first entered. Save the list when finished entering, then click the Back button.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
49
Performing the Pavement Design
The layer with the small arrow is the layer that will be adjusted to provide the structural design. The location of the arrow is determined by the type of structure.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
50
Layers Adjusted During Design
PAVEMENT TYPE ACAggregate AConFlex AConRigid NewFlexible NewRigid PCConFlex PCConRigid LAYER ADJUSTED P-154 Subbase P-401 AC Overlay P-401 AC Overlay P-209 Subbase PCC Surface PCC Overlay on Flex PCC Overlay Unbond
For new flexible sections, the arrow can be moved by double-clicking next to the desired base or subbase layer in modify structure mode.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011 Federal Aviation Administration 51
Design Life
Click on Des. Life to change the number of years for the design period.
When the dialog box appears, enter the desired number of years (1-50). NOTE: The standard for FAA design is 20 years.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
52
Performing the Pavement Design
You are now ready to design the structure. Simply click on Design Structure. The program will keep you informed about the status of the design. The program will adjust the design layer until a CDF of 1.0 is achieved.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011 Federal Aviation Administration 53
Result of the Pavement Design
The program has also determined the minimum base layer requirement.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
54
Reviewing Airplane Data After Completing the Design
CDF and P/C ratio information is now available. This information allows you to see which airplanes have the largest impact on the pavement design.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
55
Reviewing Design Information
To view a summary of the design information, click the Notes button.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
56
Reviewing Design Information
You can view the summary data or copy it to other electronic media.
Data can also be exported in XML format to allow automated entry into FAA Form 5100.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
57
Reviewing Design Information
Notice the statement asphalt CDF was not computed. This means the design assumed the failure was in the subgrade and did not calculate the fatigue in the bottom of the HMA layer.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
58
Computing Fatigue in the HMA Layer
The user can access the optional program features including the HMA layer CDF by clicking on the Options button from the starting screen, or by pressing ALT-O from anywhere in the program.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
59
Computing Fatigue in the HMA Layer
To compute the HMA fatigue, uncheck the No HMA CDF box and re-run the design.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
60
Computing Fatigue in the HMA Layer
As this example demonstrates, the controlling feature is almost always the subgrade. (i.e., the subgrade CDF has reached 1.0 (failure) while the HMA CDF is still 0.06.)
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
61
Minimum Base Course Requirements
FAARFIELD will automatically determine the minimum base layer requirements. Users can do this step manually if desired by deselecting this option.
Remove subbase layer and increase subgrade CBR to 20. Re-run the design to obtain the minimum base thickness.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
62
Determine Minimum Base Thickness
Click on Modify Structure
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
63
Determine Minimum Base Thickness
Click on Add/Delete Layer
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
64
Determine Minimum Base Thickness
Click on the subbase layer.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
65
Determine Minimum Base Thickness
Check the Delete option. Then click OK.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
66
Determine Minimum Base Thickness
Change the P-401 base layer to P-209 Increase the subgrade CBR to 20 Then click End Modify
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
67
Determine Minimum Base Thickness
Click Design Structure
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
68
Determine Minimum Base Thickness
The minimum P-209 base thickness is that necessary to protect the CBR 20 subbase material. Now, convert P-209 to stabilized material.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
69
Determine Minimum Base Thickness
Convert 452.5 mm of P-209 to stabilized base. For this example, use P-401 as stabilized material. Convert to P-401 by dividing the layer thickness by 1.6 as provided in AC 150/5320-6E, 314(d).
TP401Base = TP209 / 1.6 TP401Base = 452.5 mm / 1.6 = 282.8 mm (say 300 mm)
Program performs this calculation automatically when automatic base design is enabled.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011 Federal Aviation Administration 70
Final Thickness Design
Reconstruct the original pavement section. Stabilized P-401 base at 300 mm P-209 as the improved subbase material (design layer). CBR returned to design value. Click End Modify
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
71
Final Thickness Design
Press ALT-O to bring up the Options window. Uncheck Enable Automatic Base Design)
Click OK
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
72
Final Thickness Design
Then click Design Structure
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
73
Final Thickness Design
The final layer thickness requirements are now visible.
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
74
Software Available at:
http://www.faa.gov/airports/engineering/ design_software/ http://www.airporttech.tc.faa.gov/naptf/ download/index1.asp Contact: Dr. David Brill, David.Brill@faa.gov
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
75
Acknowledgments
FAA Staff @ NAPTF:
Dr. Satish K. Agrawal Jeff Gagnon Dr. Gordon F. Hayhoe Dr. Navneet Garg Qingge Jia
Support Contractor SRA
Chuck Teubert Dr. Izydor Kawa Dr. Qiang Wang Dr. Yuanguo Chen
FAA Staff @ HQ
Jeff Rapol Greg Cline
Consultants:
Dr. Edward H. Guo Roy D. McQueen Richard Ahlvin
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
76
Thank You Questions?
FAARFIELD 1.3 Data Entry 2 September 2011
Federal Aviation Administration
77
