17th Performance and Operations Conference
May 2011
17th Performance and Operations Conference in Dubai
Standard Go - Around
Review of different situations
Presented by Xavier LESCEU / Test Pilot Operational Expert Pilot
Introduction
All engines operating go-arounds do not occur frequently Situation in training whether it is in the aircraft or simulator is different from real life Nevertheless flight crew must be go-around minded and prepared - Sequence of actions - Task sharing - Standard callouts Due to industry-wide in-service experience, the need was felt to discuss go-around
management, and flight crew task sharing for go around
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17th Performance and Operations Conference
May 2011
Contents
1
Introduction
Prepare the Go - Around
Flying the Go - Around
Effects on Go Around perception
Conclusion
AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Prepare the Go-Around
The flight crew must be Go-Around prepared
Prepare the missed approach
GO AROUND PROCEDURE
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Prepare the Go-Around
The flight crew must be Go-Around prepared
Prepare the missed approach
Set navaids, as required
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Prepare the Go-Around
The flight crew must be Go-Around prepared
Prepare the missed approach
PERF GO AROUND page THR RED ALT / ACC ALT EO ACC ALT
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Prepare the Go-Around
The flight crew must be Go-Around prepared
Prepare the missed approach
Copy active, & revise the SEC F-PLN According to circumstances
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Prepare the Go-Around
The flight crew must be Go-Around prepared
Prepare the missed approach Brief the missed approach
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Prepare the Go-Around
The flight crew must be Go-Around prepared
Prepare the missed approach Brief the missed approach Set the missed approach altitude when commencing final approach
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
17th Performance and Operations Conference
May 2011
Contents
1
Introduction
Prepare the Go - Around
Flying the Go - Around
Effects on Go Around perception
Conclusion
AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Flying the Go-Around
Establishing a safe go-around flight path is of primary importance...
ACC ALT
THR RED ALT
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Flying the Go-Around
:
Acquire the PITCH target Set maximum THRUST ANNOUNCE the decision
ACC ALT
THR RED ALT
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Flying the Go-Around
:
Acquire the PITCH target
How to achieve that? - When flying manually, rotate towards the Go-Around pitch target
NAV
Know the Go-Around pitch target! Fly / Monitor the basic flying parameters
F13 LIGHT PARAMETERS DEVIATION CALLOUTS
AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Flying the Go-Around
:
Acquire the PITCH target
How to achieve that? - When flying manually, rotate towards the Go-Around pitch target - With AP ON, set all THR LVRs to TOGA and monitor A/C behavior
Push all THR LVRs to the full forward mechanical stop: - To REMOVE all pitch modes - To ENGAGE SRS mode
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Flying the Go-Around
:
Acquire the PITCH target Set maximum THRUST
How to achieve that? - Set all THR LVRs to TOGA
Set maximum thrust - TOGA
NAV
TOGA 1.620
MAN TOGA
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Flying the Go-Around
:
Acquire the PITCH target Set maximum THRUST ANNOUNCE the decision
How to achieve that? - The PF announces the decision to perform a Go-Around
ACC ALT
THR RED ALT
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Flying the Go-Around
...then the flight crew must manage the aircraft PERFORMANCE and NAVIGATION
ACC ALT
THR RED ALT
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Flying the Go-Around
The PNF retracts the flaps one step on PF order
3 FULL
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Flying the Go-Around
The PNF retracts the flaps one step The PNF retracts the landing gear upon PF orders
(after having checked the positive climb)
NAV
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Flying the Go-Around
The PNF retracts the flaps one step The PNF retracts the landing gear upon PF orders
(after having checked the positive climb)
The flight crew check / select as required lateral mode to follow the
missed approach or follow ATC instructions
NAV DURING GO-AROUND
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Flying the Go-Around
At THR RED Altitude, the PF set the thrust levers to CL detent
NAV
THR CLB | A/THR
NAV
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Flying the Go-Around
At THR RED Altitude, the PF set the thrust levers to CL detent At ACC Altitude, the managed target speed goes to Green Dot PNF retracts the flaps upon PF orders
OP CLB
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Flying the Go-Around
NAV At ACC ALT: OP CLB engages, the A/C accelerates NAV
All THR LVRs set to CL detent A/THR activates NAV
At THR RED ALT: LVR CLB flashes NAV
ACC ALT
All THR LVRs pushed to TOGA
THR RED ALT
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
17th Performance and Operations Conference
May 2011
Contents
1
Introduction
Prepare the Go - Around
Flying the Go - Around
Effects on Go Around perception
Conclusion
AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
17th Flight Safety Conference
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
Spatial disorientation and go-around
Man has the ability to perceive orientation in 3-D space
based on his/her interpretation of the continuous input of signals from many sensory receptors 1) Eyes The brain compares visual inputs transmitted from the retina to the brains model of outside world 2) Pressure sensors in skin, muscles, joints - They are sensors for gravity
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17th Flight Safety Conference
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
Spatial disorientation and go-around
3) Semicircular canals Are sensors of positive and negative accelerations They sense roll, pitch and yaw acceleration motion of the head They detect rotational acceleration They do not detect linear acceleration or constant angular velocity 4) Otolith (utricule & saccule) are sensors for linear acceleration and tilt
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17th Flight Safety Conference
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
Effect of acceleration on vestibular system
Sense hairs bent
Pilot sensation = pitching up
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
17th Flight Safety Conference
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
Spatial disorientation and go-around
There is a mismatch between different signals Balance & orientation is performed automatically and unconsciously Attention which includes vision, reasoning and decision making is
performed consciously Unconscious processing is faster than conscious processing it is why balance and orientation could be felt more quickly
People require conscious clues to make a distinction between linear
acceleration and pitch
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
17th Flight Safety Conference
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
Spatial Disorientation and go-around
Pilot sensation Actual
Possible pilot reaction based on sensation
Pitch-up illusion Application of go-around power coupled to a slow/low selection of pitch gives rise to an unexpected acceleration leading to the sensation of pitch up This may lead to an inappropriate pitch down command
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17th Flight Safety Conference
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
External factors contributing to disorientation
Acceleration due to full thrust applied at low weight Combined angular and linear accelerations Night-ground/sky confusion IMC/VMC transition No external visual clues Visual illusions
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Potential speed exceedance
SPEED REFERENCE SYSTEM (SRS) pitch order ensures that the aircraft remains in the flight
envelope If the SRS pitch order is not followed:
- The aircraft will accelerate - There is NO speed protection - (as long as the A/THR is not active - blue)
Follow SPEED REFERENCE SYSTEM pitch order
AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
17th Performance and Operations Conference
May 2011
Contents
1
Introduction
Prepare the Go - Around
Flying the Go - Around
Effects on Go Around perception
Conclusion
AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Conclusion
The flight crew must be go-around minded and prepared The flight crew must anticipate the use / the need of the AUTOPILOT
:
Acquire the PITCH target Set maximum THRUST ANNOUNCE the decision then PERFORMANCE and NAVIGATION
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17th Flight Safety Conference
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
Operational considerations
High acceleration in go-around Adherence to SOPs
Fly the go-around attitude (pitch and bank) Check flight parameters and make callouts Check and understand the FMA Follow the FD bars in manual flight
At go-around decision
If AP ON, keep it ON for go-around unless automatic control does not perform satisfactorily If in manual flight, continue flying manually, at least, until safe flight
path is established
PF / PNF duty transfer
Control take over I have control + priority P/B on FBW AC
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