CBLM Sketching

ACHIEVING COMPETENCE IN
PREPARING/INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING
SKETCHING
This is the first of the modular series produced by the

Jacobo Z. Gonzales Memorial School of Arts and Trades –
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
Region IV-A
Version No.: 1
Performing Drawing Fundamentals Date: May 12, 2006
JZGMSAT By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 1 of 18
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page Number
I. LEARNING GUIDE OVERVIEW …………………………………... …….. 3

II. HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE ……………………………………………….. 4
III. LEARNING ACTIVITIES ……………………………………………………. 5
IV. INFORMATION SHEET
A. FORMS OF SKETCHES ………………………………………………. 6
B. TOOLS AND MATERIALS FOR SKETCHING ………………………. 7
C. TECHNIQUES FOR SKETCHING…………………………………….. 7
D. TYPES OF SKETCHES……………………………………………….. 8
E. CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING MULTIVIEW,
ISOMETRIC, OBLIQUE, AND PICTORIAL SKETCHING.………….. 9
V. SELF CHECK ………………………………………………………………... 11
VI. JOB SHEET
1. SKETCHING AN ISOMETRIC DRAWING ……………..……12
2. SKETCHING A MULTIVIEW DRAWING ……...……………. 14
3. SKETCHING CIRCLES……………………………………….. 17
VII. ANSWER KEY ………………………………………………………………. 17
VIII. RECORD OF COMPETENCE …………………………………….………. 18
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LEARNING GUIDE OVERVIEW
Sketching is one of the primary means of graphic communication. The ability to sketch is
an essential tool in conveying original ideas from the engineer to the designer and from the
designer to the drafter. As instrument drawing becomes less prevalent in industry, the ability to
create accurate technical sketches becomes more important.
In this learning material, the students should be able to communicate technical
information through different types of sketches. This will cover the purpose of sketching,
materials needed for sketching, techniques for sketching, the types of sketches, and differences
between isometric, oblique and perspective and multiview sketches
Competencies will be demonstrated by completing the job sheets and the unit test with a
minimum score of 75 percent.
OBJECTIVES When you have successfully completed the learning activities in this
material, you will be able to:
1. Identify the concepts related to sketching;
2. Explain the concepts related to sketching multiview and
pictorials; and,
3. Make multiview, isometric, oblique, and perspective sketches.
CONTENTS This learning material includes the following:

1. Forms of Sketches
2. Materials for Sketches
3. Techniques for Sketching
4. Types of Sketches
5. Concepts and Principles Underlying Multiview, Isometric,
Oblique, and Pictorial Sketching
PRE-REQUISITES The completion of this learning material requires you to have a basic
understanding of:
If you are unfamiliar with any of the above concepts, work on________
before working on this learning guide.
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HOW TO USE THIS LEARNING GUIDE
This Learning Guide will lead you through a series of activities which will require you to
work at your own pace. These activities will ask you to complete associated learning
and practice activities in order to gain the knowledge and skills you need to achieve the
learning objectives stated earlier.
Refer to Learning Activity Page to know the sequence of learning tasks to undergo
and the appropriate resources to use in each task. This page will serve as your road
map towards the achievement of objectives.
Read the information sheets. This will give you an understanding of the work, and why
things are done the way they are.
Complete the activities as directed in the activity/practice sheets. These will test your
knowledge and give you practice of doing the tasks involved. Performance criteria for
assessing practical exercise are shown to guide you in undertaking the practical
exercises. Always be aware of safety requirements highlighted in this material. Ask for
clearance in using some tools and equipment. Should you require some assistance and
clarification, consult your trainer or facilitator. They should be available anytime you
need them.
Answer self-checks found in each section of the learning guide. Do not write anything
on this learning guide; provide separate sheets for your answers. Self-checks will let
you know how you are going. To know how you fared with self checks, review the
answer keys found at the end of the learning guide.
When you had completed all the tasks required in this learning guide, an assessment
exercise will be given to evaluate if you are already competent with the specified
learning outcomes in and ready for the next task. .If you feel ready for the assessment,
consult the facilitator.
A record of competency is provided on the last page to reflect how much of the
required assessment criteria have been met.
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in this
learner’s guide. Talk to your trainer about having them formally recognized. If you have
qualification or certificate of competence from previous training, show it to your trainer. If
the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to the unit of competency they may
become part of the evidence you can present for Recognition of Prior Learning
(RPL). If you are not sure about the accuracy of your skills, discuss it with your trainer.
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LEARNING ACTIVITIES
In order to accomplish the objectives stated in this leaning guide, you must
perform the learning steps below. Beside each step are the resources or special
instructions you will use to accomplish the corresponding activity.
RESOURCES/SPECIFIC
LEARNING STEPS
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Student will ask the instructor of 1. Instructor will provide the learning
the materials to be used materials in Sketching
2. Read: Information Sheet No. 1 2. Information sheet No 1: Sketching
3. Answer: Self Check 3. Self Check: Sketching
4. Perform: Job Sheet No. 1 4. Job Sheet No. 1: Sketching an

Isometric Drawing
5. Perform: Job Sheet No. 2 5. Job Sheet No. 2: Sketching a

Multiview Drawing
6. Perform: Job Sheet No. 3 6. Job Sheet No. 3: Sketching

Circles
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INFORMATION SHEET NO: 1
SKETCHING
Sketching is a freehand drawing process that allows detailers, designers,
engineers, architects, technicians and tradespersons to record their ideas quickly on paper
without the use of tools. Once they have recorded their ideas, they can revise and refine
their sketches for presentation to their supervisors or clients. Sketching is also helpful in
preliminary planning of a drawing or layout before using tools.
A. FORMS OF SKETCHES
1. Design sketches - Design sketches are rough sketches that are used to quickly capture
an idea. They tend to have less detail, structure and restrictions than freehand or
technical illustrations.
FIG. 1. A ROUGH SKETCH WITH NOTES ABOUT IMPORTANT FEATURES.

2. Freehand technical sketches - Freehand technical sketches can be multiview or pictorial
sketches. This type of sketch usually includes more detail and structure than design
sketches. They also typically include dimensions (see Fig. 2).
3. Technical illustrations - Technical illustrations include more detail, structure, and
restrictions than other types of sketches. The objective here is to create a sketch that
looks as close to the final object as possible.
FIG. 3. A SKETCH CAN SHAPE A

FIG. 2. MULTIVIEW SKETCH FUTURISTIC DESIGN.
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B. TOOLS AND MATERIALS FOR SKETCHING
Paper
You can use a plain paper for sketching. If you need to refine the sketch, use tracing
paper. Control proportions while sketching by using cross-section paper, also called graph
paper or squared paper. There are specially ruled graph papers for particular kinds of drawing
such as isometric and perspective.
You can sketch on any convenient size of paper. However, A4 size drawing paper will
only be allowed for this course as an official drawing paper.
Pencils and Eraser

Most drafters like to use soft lead pencils (grades F, H or HB), properly sharpened. They
also use an eraser that is good for soft leads, such as a plastic eraser or a kneaded-rubber
eraser.
Use drafter’s pencil sharpener to remove the wooden part of the pencil from the lead. Make
the lead of the pencil sharp by using sandpaper block or pad.
Four types of points are used for sketching: sharp, near-sharp, near-dull, and dull. The
points should make the following kinds:
• Sharp point—a thin black line for center,
dimension, and extension lines
• Near-sharp point—visible or object lines
• Near-dull point—cutting-plane line and
border lines
• Dull point—construction lines
FIG. 4 FOUR CONVENIENT PENCIL POINTS FOR

SKETCHING
C. TECHNIQUES FOR SKETCHING

• Horizontal lines should be sketched by
moving the hand and pencil from the left to
the right if right handed. Avoid rotating your
wrist, as this will cause the line to arc.
FIG. 5. DIRECTION OF PENCIL IN SKETCHING
HORIZONTAL LINE IS FROM LEFT TO RIGHT
• Vertical lines should be sketched by

moving the hand and pencil from the top in
a downward direction. Keep the wrist locked
to avoid arcing of line.
FIG. 6. DIRECTION OF PENCIL IN SKETCHING

VERTICAL LINE IS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM
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• Angled lines should be sketched by
moving the hand and pencil from the left to
the right and angling upward or downward.
Rotating the paper so lines are horizontal or
vertical is also a good practice. Avoid
rotating your wrist, as this will cause the line
to arc.
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3
• Arcs and circles should be sketched by A. SKETCHING THE CIRCLE WITHIN A SQUARE
creating horizontal and vertical center lines
at the center point of the arc or circle.
Next, estimate the radius of the arc or circle
on each center line and form a box with
lines parallel to the center lines. Now start at
the top of the box and create four arcs
moving the pencil left to right and rotating STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3
the paper each time. B. MARKING OFF THE LENGTH OF RADIUS ON ALL LINES
FIG. 7. SKETCHING ARCS AND CIRCLES
R=RADIUS ON PAPER PAPER TRAMMEL MARKED

STRIP FOR LARGE CIRCLES WITH MAJOR (R2) & MINOR
(R1) RADII
A. LARGE CIRCLE B. ELLIPSE
FIG. 8. LARGE CIRCLES, LARGE ARCS AND

ELLIPSES ARE EASILY SKETCHED WITH
THE AID OF A STRIP OF PAPER
D. TYPES OF SKETCHES
1. Single-view 2. Multiview 3. Pictorials
FIG. 9. TYPICAL ONE-VIEW FIG. 10 TYPICAL MULTIVIEW FIG. 11. TYPICAL

DRAWINGS. THICKNESS DRAWING PICTORIAL DRAWING
SHOWN.
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E. CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING MULTIVIEW,
ISOMETRIC, OBLIQUE, AND PICTORIAL SKETCHING.
A multiview sketch shows different views of an object as seen from different positions
and arranged in a standard order.
Pictorial sketches show height, width and depth of an object in one view.
The three basic types of pictorials are isometric, oblique, and perspective.
Concepts in Isometric Drawing

1. In an isometric sketch the three axes are equally spaced 120° apart. The prefix "iso"
means equal.
2. The isometric axes are most often positioned so that the receding lines are 30° off the
horizontal. Other positions are possible depending on what surfaces of the object are
being emphasized.
3. Circular shapes will typically appear as ellipses in isometric sketches. Ellipses must be
oriented according to the plane in which they appear.
4. Lines parallel to the isometric axes are called "isometric lines". You can measure along
these lines.
5. Lines that are not parallel to the isometric axes are called "non-isometric lines". You
cannot measure along these lines.
6. A standard angle measuring device such as a protractor cannot be used to measure
angles in isometric. Angles are drawn by locating their end points.
Concepts in Oblique Sketching:

1. The front view is normal to the viewer's line of sight in an oblique sketch.
2. A circle drawn on the frontal plane will appear as a circle. A curve drawn on the frontal
plane will appear true shape.
3. Circles and curves appearing on the side and top planes will be distorted.
4. Receding edges can be sketched at any angle except vertical or horizontal but are
usually drawn at an angle of 30°, 45° or 60°.
5. The long side of an object should be shown in the frontal plane to lessen distortion.
6. Cavalier oblique pictorials are drawn or sketched at full depth. Cabinet oblique pictorials
are drawn or sketched at a reduced depth (usually half).
A B C
GIVEN OBJECT
FIG. 12. CONCEPTS IN DEVELOPING OBLIQUE DRAWING.
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Concepts in Perspective Sketching
1. The most common types of perspective drawings are one-point perspective and two-
point perspective.
2. A perspective sketch is the most realistic of the pictorial sketches because it appears the
most natural. Features that are farther from the observer appear shorter than features
closer to the observer.
3. The receding axes converge at the vanishing point and are not parallel as they are in
isometric and oblique drawings.
TO VANISHING
POINT
DRAFTING STATION
FIG. 12. PERSPECTIVE SKETCHES
Concepts in Multiview Sketching

1. Choose an appropriate number of views to fully describe the shape of the object.
2. If an object can be described with only two dimensions, a one-view drawing may be
sufficient. Two, three or more views may be necessary to fully describe the shape of
more complicated objects.
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SELF- CHECK NO. 1
Check your mastery in sketching by completing the tasks below.
1. Draw straight lines from point A to point B in freehand drawing.
A B
A B
A B
B A
2. Sketch circles with a diameter of:
a. 25mm b. 50mm c. 30mm
Version No.: 1
JOB SHEET NO. 1
Sketching an Isometric Drawing
A. Objectives:
After completing the activity you should be able to:

1. Sketch an isometric drawing;
2. Use correct weights of lines; and,
3. Produce properly drawn isometric sketch.
B. Tool and Materials:
White bond paper

Eraser
Drawing pencil
C. Procedure
1. Choose the orientation; Make sure the front view is along the left side of the isometric
drawing. The length of the object should be projected back at 330 degrees.
2. Sketch the overall block that will represent the isometric drawing. Do your best to align
the drawing in the middle of the sheet. (do not allow portions of the drawing to be cut off)
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3. Add construction line details (you may make mistakes) Details consist of circles, arcs,
holes, angled lines, or any other lines that represent unique features in the object.
(details should be sketched using 4H lead)
4. Darken visible lines. Using your 2H lead (for finished drawings) darken the edges of your
object to make them stand out to the viewer.
NOTE: There is no hidden or center lines in isometric detail drawings, as they are utilized to show realistic
pictorial view of the object.
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JOB SHEET NO. 2
Sketching a Multiview Drawing
A. Objectives:

1. Sketch an multiview drawing;
3. Produce properly sketch multiview drawing.
White bond paper

Eraser
Drawing pencil
C. Procedure
Steps In Sketching A Multiview Drawing:
1. Choose the orientation; which side of the object should be designated as the front, top
and right side. The front view is typically the view with the most detail.
2. Sketch the overall blocks that will represent the three views. When you have determined
the overall dimensions, the Spacing Formula should be used to determine the placement
of your three views.
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3. Add construction line details (you may make mistakes) Details consist of circles, arcs,
holes, angled lines, or any other lines that represent unique features in the object.
(details should be sketched using 4H lead).
4. Darken visible lines. Using your 2H lead (for finished drawings) darken the edges of your
object to make them stand out to the viewer.
5. Darken hidden and center lines. Continue darkening details by adding these lines to the
finished project.
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JOB SHEET NO. 3
Sketching Circles
A. Objectives:

1. Sketch an isometric drawing;
3. Produce properly drawn isometric sketch.
White bond paper

Eraser
Drawing pencil
C. Guidelines for sketching circles
1. Create horizontal and vertical center line lines at the center point of the arc or circle.
2. Estimate the radius of the arc or circle on each center line and form a box with lines
parallel to the center lines.
3. Now start at the top of the box and create four arcs moving the pencil left to right and
rotating the paper each time.
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ANSWER KEY NO. 1
Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it right, refer back to
corresponding resources until you make it perfect.
1.
A B
A B
A B
B A
2.
a. 25mm b. 50mm c. 30mm
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RECORD OF COMPETENCE
Below are your assessment ratings:
ASSESSMENT /PERFORMANCE
CRITERIA YES NO
1. Concepts and principles

underlying multiview and
pictorial sketches are identified
2. Multiview and pictorial technical

sketches are performed in
accordance to drawing
standards
Version No.: 1

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ACHIEVING COMPETENCE IN

PREPARING/INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING

This is the first of the modular series produced by the

Content Page Number

I. LEARNING GUIDE OVERVIEW …………………………………... …….. 3

CONTENTS This learning material includes the following:

2. Read: Information Sheet No. 1 2. Information sheet No 1: Sketching

3. Answer: Self Check 3. Self Check: Sketching

4. Perform: Job Sheet No. 1 4. Job Sheet No. 1: Sketching an

5. Perform: Job Sheet No. 2 5. Job Sheet No. 2: Sketching a

6. Perform: Job Sheet No. 3 6. Job Sheet No. 3: Sketching

FIG. 1. A ROUGH SKETCH WITH NOTES ABOUT IMPORTANT FEATURES.

FIG. 3. A SKETCH CAN SHAPE A

Pencils and Eraser

FIG. 4 FOUR CONVENIENT PENCIL POINTS FOR

C. TECHNIQUES FOR SKETCHING

• Vertical lines should be sketched by

FIG. 6. DIRECTION OF PENCIL IN SKETCHING

FIG. 7. SKETCHING ARCS AND CIRCLES

R=RADIUS ON PAPER PAPER TRAMMEL MARKED

FIG. 8. LARGE CIRCLES, LARGE ARCS AND

FIG. 9. TYPICAL ONE-VIEW FIG. 10 TYPICAL MULTIVIEW FIG. 11. TYPICAL

Concepts in Isometric Drawing

Concepts in Oblique Sketching:

FIG. 12. CONCEPTS IN DEVELOPING OBLIQUE DRAWING.

FIG. 12. PERSPECTIVE SKETCHES

Concepts in Multiview Sketching

1. Draw straight lines from point A to point B in freehand drawing.

2. Sketch circles with a diameter of:

a. 25mm b. 50mm c. 30mm

Sketching an Isometric Drawing

After completing the activity you should be able to:

B. Tool and Materials:

White bond paper

(details should be sketched using 4H lead)

object to make them stand out to the viewer.

Sketching a Multiview Drawing

After completing the activity you should be able to:

B. Tool and Materials:

White bond paper

Steps In Sketching A Multiview Drawing:

of your three views.

(details should be sketched using 4H lead).

object to make them stand out to the viewer.

After completing the activity you should be able to:

B. Tool and Materials:

White bond paper

C. Guidelines for sketching circles

Below are your assessment ratings:

1. Concepts and principles

2. Multiview and pictorial technical

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