Stomach
Small Intestines Duodenum
S - Serosa ME - Muscularis Externa L - Longitudinal Layer C - Circular Layer SubM - Submucosal Layer MM - Muscularis Mucosae BGI - Brunner's Glands; Submucosal Glands; Duodenal Glands Muc - Tunica Mucosa D - Duct V - Villus
ME - Muscularis Externa SubM - Submucosa Muc - Mucosa PC - Plica Circularis V - Villus L - Lacteal
MM - Muscularis Mucosae GI - Intestinal Glands S - Serosa ME - Muscularis Externa L - Lacteal V - Villus
L - Lacteal M - Smooth Muscle Cell LP - Lamina Propria EC - Endothelial Cell Ly - Lymphocyte SB - Striated Border; Brush Border (location of microvilli) GC - Goblet Cell Arrow is pointing to basal lamina of epithelium.
Histology of Liver and Pancreas
PV - Hepatic Portal Vein CV - Central Vein HV - Hepatic Vein L - Lymphatic Nodule CT - Connective Tissue BD - Bile Ductules HA - Hepatic Arteries
S - Sinusoid KC - Kuppfer Cell BC - Bile Caniliculi EN - Endothelial Cell CV - Central Vein
Histology of Colon
TC - Tenia Coli ME - Muscularis Externa SubM - Submucosa Muc - Mucosa BV - Blood Vessel S - Serosa ME(c) - Circular Layer ME (l) - Longitudinal Layer
LP - Lamina Propria A - Adipose Tissue SubM - Submucosa MM - Muscularis Mucosae Muc - Mucosa Arrows are pointing to the openings of intestinal glands.
GC - Goblet Cells AC - Absorptive Cells LP - Lamina Propria Arrows are pointing to the openings of intestinal glands
Pancreas
Find pancreatic islet (islet of Langerhans) (lighter stained group of cells) --- acinar cells or pancreatic acini (the greater majority of cells and very dark staining --- pancreatic ducts.
Pancreas
higher magnification)
Pancreas
higher magnification)
Find pancreatic islet (islet of Langerhans) (lighter stained group of cells) --- acinar cells or pancreatic acini (the greater majority of cells and very dark staining --- pancreatic ducts.
Find hepatic or right colic flexure --- splenic or left coli flexure --transverse colon --- ascending colon --- sigmoid colon --- rectum --descending colon --- taeniae coli --- haustra --- ileum --- ileocecal valve or sphincter --- cecum --- mesocolon --- pylorus --- jejunum --- vermiform appendix --- lesser curvature of stomach --- greater curvature of stomach --- fundus of stomach --- C-loop of duodenum --- gall bladder --- spleen --- liver --- pancreas with pancreatic duct --- sublingual salivary gland --tongue --- lesser sublingual (Rivinus) duct --- submandibular salivary gland --- submandibular (Whartons) duct --- parotid salivary gland --esophagus.
Find hepatic artery --- hepatic veins --- hepatic portal vein --- left and right hepatic (bile) ducts --- cystic duct --- gall bladder --- round ligament (ligamentum teres) --- falciform ligament --- caudate lobe --- quadrate lobe --- right lobe --- left lobe --- inferior vena cava --- common hepatic duct --ligamentum venosum.
Caudate Lobe hepatic artery
Hepatic veins
common bile duct Quadrate Lobe Left Hepatic Duct Right Hepatic Duct hepatic portal vein
Cystic Duct
Common Hepatic Duct
Right Hepatic Duct
Lab 2: Urinary System A. Histology of Urinary System 1. Slide #6B (kidney) Find glomerulus and Bowmans capsule together called the renal corpuscle --- proximal convoluted tubule (lumen smaller due to larger cells and microvilli which stain pink) --- distal convoluted tubule (more open lumen) --- collecting duct (very distinct, cuboidal cells with scalloped appearance) --- juxtaglomerular apparatus with --juxtaglomerular cells --- and macula densa. 2. Slide #7B (ureter) Find transitional epithelium --- mucosa --- lamina propria --- tunica muscularis --- (longitudinal and circular layers) --- adventitia.
Lab 3 & 4: Reproductive System A. Histology of Male Reproductive System 1. Slide #11B (testis) Find seminiferous tubules --- interstitial endocrinocytes (cells of Leydig) --- spermatogonium (large and on the edge of the tubule) --spermatocytes (primary and secondary) going through meiosis --spermatid (small, dark staining and round) --- spermatozoa (bulletshaped cells with tails) --- sustentacular (Sertoli) cells (large nucleus with prominent nucleolus). 2. Slide #12B (penis) Find Dorsal artery and vein --- two corpora cavernosa penis --- corpus spongiosum penis --- spongy (cavernous) urethra --- median septum --tunica albuginea --- deep arteries inside the corpus cavernosum.
C. Histology of Female Reproductive System 1. Slide #13B (ovary with mature follicles) Find germinal epithelium --- tunica albuginea --- primary oocyte --primordial follicle (small and towards the surface of the ovary with simple squamous follicular cells) --- primary follicle (with one layer of cuboidal follicular cells around the oocyte) --- secondary follicle (vesicular follicle) with two or more layers of follicular cells around the oocyte --- Graafian follicle (mature vesicular or tertiary follicle) --- corona radiata --- zona pellucida --- theca cells --- granulosa cells --- atretic follicles (blue and degenerative) --- antrum. 2. Slide #14B (ovary with corpus luteum) Find corpus luteum --- theca lutein cells --- granulosa lutein cells --corpus albicans
Cadaver and Review [We may not be able to do this :(] I will demonstrate these parts in small groups. You need to bring gloves in order to examine the cadaver on your own! Find parietal pleura --- visceral pleura --- parietal peritoneum --visceral peritoneum --- pancreas --- pancreatic (Wirsung) duct --accessory pancreatic (Santorini) duct --- liver with right, left and quadrate lobes --- falciform ligament --- gall bladder --- cystic duct --common bile duct --- stomach --- greater and lesser curvatures --- small intestines (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) --- mesentery --- vermiform appendix --- cecum --- ascending colon --- hepatic (right colic) flexure --transverse colon --- mesocolon --- splenic (left colic) flexure --descending colon --- sigmoid colon --- taeniae coli --- epiploic appendages --- spleen --- kidney --- ureter --- urinary bladder --- hepatic portal vein --- testes --- vas or ductus deferens --- spermatic cord --epididymis --- inguinal ring.
The material you will use to study the rest of the axial skeleton include vertebrae from box of bones, articulated spinal column, miscellaneous isolated vertebrae, vertebral columns of articulated skeletons Cervical Vertebrae C-1 (atlas) with --- anterior and posterior arches --C-2 (axis) with --- dens (odontoid process) --- C-3 through C-4 --- C-7 (vertebra prominens) --- transverse foramina --- transverse process --spinous process (some bifid) --- pedicle --- lamina --- superior articular process and facet --- inferior articular process and facet --- vertebral canal or foramen --- vertebral (neural) arch --- body (centrum). Thoracic Vertebrae T-1 through T-12 --- transverse process --- facets and demifacets for ribs --- spinous process --- pedicle --- lamina --superior articular process and facet --- inferior articular process and facet --- vertebral canal or foramen --- vertebral (neural) arch --- body (centrum). Lumbar Vertebrae Transverse process --- spinous process --- pedicle --- lamina --- superior articular process and facet --- inferior articular process and facet --- vertebral canal or foramen --- vertebral (neural) arch --- body (centrum). Sacrum Sacral ala --- body --- anterior sacral foramina --- superior articular process and facet --- sacral promontory --- base of sacrum --transverse line (ridge) --- apex of sacrum --- sacral canal --- posterior sacral foramina --- auricular surfaces --- median sacral crest --- sacral hiatus --- sacral cornu. Coccyx coccygeal cornu. Sternum manubrium --- body --- xiphoid process --- clavicular notch --suprasternal (also manubrial or jugular) notch --- sternal angle --- costal notches. Ribs - head (capitulum) --- tubercle --- neck --- costal groove --- seven true (vertebrosternal) ribs --- five false ribs divided into --- three vertebrochondral false ribs --- two floating false ribs.
C. Preserved Human and Pork Kidneys Find renal capsule --- renal cortex --- renal medulla --- renal column --- minor calyx --- renal pyramid --- renal papilla --- minor calyx --- renal pelvis --- adipose tissue --- ureter --- hilus.
