BEE2922
INDUSTRIAL INSTALLATION
Syllabus
1. Electrical Power Supply (T) Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE)regulation Power Distribution 2. Main Switch Board-MSB (T)
Power factor correction Switchgear and protective devicesRCCB,ACB,VCB Over current protective devices-CT ratio, TMS(time multiply setting) , relays Standby generator
3. Sub-Switch Board-SSB (T)
Feeder pillar Choose of cable size Switchgear and protective devicesMCCB,ACB,fuses Meters
4. Distribution Board-DB (T)
Current carrying capacity Cable sizing Circuit breaker rating Three phase and single phase supply Assessment
5. Loads (T)
Total Connected Load(TCL) Current carrying capacity Voltage drop Sensitivity Balanced three phase circuit Maximum demand Tariffs
6. Project (P)
Configuration of tools and equipment Schematic drawing-assignment Conduit and trunks Installation and wiring Cables - Armoured cable Inspection and Testing- Condition of equipment and materials, continuity, insulation, termination, earth electrode
LEARNING OUTCOMES
This subject introduces student to three phase wiring. The students will learn how to do electrical wiring involving three phase supply and also the safety measures required. The students should be able to:
i. Differential between domestic and Industrial wiring
ii. Demonstrate the component and function of distribution board iii. Explain the flow of distribution power system. iv. Practice right installation and wiring technique.
CHAPTER 1
ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY
IEE POWER DISTRIBUTION
IEE REGULATION
The 16th IEE regulation (Institution of Electrical Engineers) currently is used in commenwealth countries It must be follow as practically in order to achieve/fulfill the safety and rule requirement
ELECTRICAL REGULATION 1994
The rule to describe how the activities in generation, transmission, distribution, consuming, supervising, handling, license, competent person, importing, manufacturing, upgrading, etc is applied
COMPETENT PERSON
Pendawai Elektrik (Wireman), PW1 to PW6 Penjaga Jentera Elektrik (Chargeman), A0 to A4 Penyelia Elektrik (Electrical Supervisor) Pencantum Kabel (Cable Jointer) Jurutera Elektrik Kompeten (Competent Engineer) Jurutera Elektrik Perkhidmatan (Servising Engineer) Jurutera Elektrik Kompeten Residen (Competent Resident Electrical Engineer)
POWER STATION
ALTERNATOR
Main intake substation
POWER GENERATION TNB 33kV/11kV
11kV/433kV substation
TRANSMISSION and DISTRIBUTION
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 2 :POWER DISTRIBUTION
TNB SUBSTATION 11 kV MAIN SWITCH BOARD 415V SUB SWITCH BOARD 415/240V DISTRIBUTION BOARD 415/240V LOAD
POWER DISTRIBUTION
MSB (415V)
STANDBY GENSET
SSB 415V
SSB 415V
SSB) 415V
MSB
SSB
SSB
SSB
SSB
DB
DB
DB
DB
INSIDE SUBSTATION
Ring Main Unit (RMU) /
Switchgear 11kV Transformer (11/0.415kV) MSB Feeder pillar High voltage & low voltage cable
2.0:MAIN SWITCH BOARD(MSB)
2.1 CAPACITOR BANK power factor correction <= 0.85 Lowest PF penalty
RESIDUAL CURRENT CIRCUIT BREAKER (RCCB)
Automatic Circuit Breaker for current leakage to earth Current rating:40A and 60/63A Sensitivity of current leaking :10mA, 30mA, 100mA, 300mA Three phase and single phase type
2.3 AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER
Current rating 600A and above Add - Current Transformer, relay and shunt trip coil for operation Current trip be adjusted
2.3 CT, TMS, RELAY
CURRENT TRANSFORMER (CT)
2.4 STANDBY GENSET
3.0 SSB
3.1 SWITCH GEAR PROTECTION 3.2 RCCB, ACB, VCB
Type of protection
Over current (short circuit) overload earth fault earth leakage lightning Overheating unbalance phase reverse phase sequence
3.0 SUB SWITCH BOARD (SSB)
EARTH FAULT RELAY
MOULDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCCB)
Function=MCB For 60A and above usage For three phase power supply Replace switch fuse and fuse switch ON- after Short circuit and over loading Easy to operate
3 PHASE ELCB CONSTRUCTION
PLBB Tiga Fasa
R Y B N
Elemen sensitif Suis 4 kutub jenis link
Perintang uji
Punatekan uji
Teras besi ( Gelung secondary )
BEBAN
BALANCE CONDITION
K eadaan yang seim bang
R Y B N
20A
20A
20A 20A
BEBA N
Keadaan yang seimbang UNBALANCE CONDITION
R Y B N
20A
20A
20A 10A
BEBAN bocor ke bumi
3.2 FEEDER PILLAR
CABLE CONSTRUCTION
conductor Aluminium/Copper insulator Paper, PVC, XLPE Lembar (strand) helaian paling kecil core himpunan helaian Perisai (armour) perlindungan mekanikal Salut (sheath) kemasan luaran Pengisi (filler) mengisi ruang kosong Screen (thin copper foil) stress uniformity Pengalas (bedding) alas antara bahagian keras dgn bahagian lembut
PILCDSTAS CABLE (PAPER CABLE)
VARIOUS TYPE OF CABLES
KABEL PVC/SWA/PVC
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3.3 CABLE SIZE vs CURRENT RATING
mm SQUARE 1 1.5 2.5 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 CURRENT (A) 13.5 17.5 24 32 41 57 76 101 125 151 192 232 269 300
3.4 METERS
CT meter kWhour meter
4.0 DB
FUSE/MCB (Amp) 5/6 15 20 30 (gelang) 30 (jejari) 15 30 15 15 30 63
CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY
CABLE SIZE (mm) 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4.0 2.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 6.0 16/25
MAX POWER(watt) 1000/1200 1 x 13A s/s/o 2 x 13A s/s/o 10 x 13A s/s/o 6 X 13A s/s/o 1 x cooker 3 kW 1 x cooker 8 kW 1 x heater 1.5kW
1 x 1.5 HP air cond 1 x 2.5 HP air cond Kabel masuk utama
4.0:DB-SINGLE PHASE
CONTENT: ISOLATOR (63A) ELCB -4 pole LIVE TERMINAL NEUTRAL TERMINAL EARTH TERMINAL MCB
CABLE SIZING
1.25 / 1.5 mm square (lamp/fan circuit) 2.5 mm square (socket 13A, radial) 4.0 mm square (socket 13A, ring) 6.0 mm square (socket 13A, ring) 10.0 mm square (main cable) 16.0 mm square (main cable) 25 mm square (main cable) 35 mm square (main cable) 50 mm square (main cable) 70 mm square( main cable)
MCB
Cable sizing
size
No of core/
LOad
1.25 mm2 1.5 mm2
Core size(diameter ) (7/0.53 mm) lamp circuit (3/0.737 mm) lamp circuit/
voltage rating 300/500 volt 300/500 volt 400/750 volt 400/750 volt
Size of cable (diameter) 2.5 mm 3.0 mm
heater
2.5 mm2
(7/0.67 mm) Power
4 mm2
circuit/water heater 5kW20A (7/0.85 mm) water heater 7kW- 30A
3.7 mm
4.2 mm
INTERNAL MCB COMPONENT
MCB-internal design
Earth chamber & earth electrode
Earth chamber & earth electrode
EARTH RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT
The grounding system is an essential element for the electrical system security and it is required to: Allow for protective devices activation when there is an insulation fault. Equalize the potential of conductive parts that can be accessed simultaneously, with the potential in the surrounding soil in order to prevent people from being exposed to hazardous voltages. Allow the lightning strike energy to be safely dissipated. Reduce electromagnetic interferences.
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Earth electrode
Standard Earth Electrode 6 inches length Galvanised Iron (G.I) hollow pipe with diameter 2 in Wire mesh Max resistance-for domestic wiring=1 ohm Max resistance-for lightning=10 ohm
Air terminal
Down conductors
5.1: total connected load
TCL is a total load in each electrical equipment it is need supply for project or installation These equipment lamp, fan, power point, lift, water pump, and electrical equipment Exp:
load 1 x 18 W 1 x 36 W Ceiling fan
rate 30W 50W 65W
Emergency 20W lamp Socket 250 W outlet 13A Socket 500 W
VOLTAGE DROP
IEE regulation Voltage drop4% from voltage source EXAMPLE :VOLTAGE SOURCE= 240V MAXIMUM VOLTAGE DROP = 240 X 4% = 9.6V VOLTAGE SOURCE =415V MAXIMUM VOLTAGE DROP= 415 X 4% = 16.6V
CHAPTER 6: size of trunks
Trunks factor
Trunks size (mm)
cable size Cable factor 1.5 mm 2.5 mm 4 mm 6 mm 10 mm 8.1 11.4 15.4 22.9 36.3 50 x 38 50 x 50 75 x 25 75 x 38 75 x 50 75 x 75 100 x 25 100 x 38 100 x 50 100 x 75 100 x 100
factor
767 1037 738 1146 1555 2371 99.3 1542 2091 3189 4252
example
a. Calculate the size of trunks to carried the cable size as below:
12 x 1.5mm 16x2.5mm 8 x 4mm 4x6mm b. c. d.
solution
a. b. c. d.
define the cable factor:
12 x 1.5mm =12 x 8.1=97.2 16x2.5mm=16 x 11.4=182.4 8 x 4mm=8 x 15.4= 123.2 4x6mm= 4 x 22.9= 91.6
494.4 Trunks size=75 x 25 mm
FLAXIBLE CONDUIT
TYPE OF TRUNKING
STARTING
4 cm
TRUNKING -90
X
X X X
20cm
X X
5cm
5cm
TRUNKING 45 -1
X
X
X X X X
20cm
X X
2cm
2cm
20 cm
4 5
TRUNKING 45 -2
X
X
X X X
=28.5cm
2cm
2cm
4 5
ENDING
5 cm
CAP
90
X X
20 cm
5 cm
5 cm
451
20 cm
2 cm
2 cm
45-2
X X
2 cm
2 cm
DOL
MCB 32 A
CONTACTOR
O/L
TO MOTOR
Inside DB (Three Phase)
E 32A 32A 20A 20A
CABLE SIZE: 4mm TO DOL SPARE TO SOCKET OUTLET SPARE E/S SPARE
A1 A2
10A
MCCB (40A)
INCOMING FROM ISOLATOR
ELCB (40A)
CON (32A)
RING CIRCUIT
E
S/O 1
MCB (20A)
S/O 2
S/O 3
Cable size:2.5mm
OVERALL LAYOUT
S/O 2 S/O 1
10 9
45
10
90
12
90
16
10
10 9
45
45
7
45
7
S/O 3
12
DO L
DB
E/S
TRUNKING (2X2) CONDUIT(3/4)
Practical FLOW WORK
START TEORI CONDUIT-measurement, cutting, bending and threading TRUNKING (body & cap) measurement, cutting, hole Conduit fitting-clip TRUNKING FITTING-screwing WIRING TESTING
ASSESSMENT
Quizzes (5%) Test (10%) Practical (35%)
