Basic Motor Formulas And Calculations
The formulas and calculations which appear below should be used for estimating purposes only. It is the responsibility of the customer to specify the required motor Hp, Torque, and accelerating time for his application.
Rules Of Thumb (Approximation)
At 1800 rpm, a motor develops a 3 lb.ft. per hp At 1200 rpm, a motor develops a 4.5 lb.ft. per hp At 575 volts, a 3-phase motor draws 1 amp per hp At 460 volts, a 3-phase motor draws 1.25 amp per hp At 230 volts a 3-phase motor draws 2.5 amp per hp At 230 volts, a single-phase motor draws 5 amp per hp At 115 volts, a single-phase motor draws 10 amp per hp
Mechanical Formulas
Torque in lb.ft. HP x 5250 = rpm HP = Torque x rpm 5250 rpm 120 x Frequency = No. of Poles
Temperature Conversion
Deg C = (Deg F - 32) x 5/9 Deg F = (Deg C x 9/5) + 32
High Inertia Loads
t= WK2 x rpm 308 x T av. T WK2 x rpm = 308 x t WK2 = inertia in lb.ft.2 t = accelerating time in sec. T = Av. accelerating torque lb.ft..
inertia reflected to motor = Load Inertia Load rpm Motor rpm 2
Synchronous Speed, Frequency And Number Of Poles Of AC Motors
ns = 120 x f P f= P x ns 120 P= 120 x f ns
Relation Between Horsepower, Torque, And Speed
HP =
Txn 5250
T 5250 HP = n
n=
5250 HP T
Motor Slip
% Slip ns - n x = ns 100 Code KVA/HP A B C D E 0-3.14 3.15-3.54 3.55-3.99 4.0 -4.49 4.5 -4.99 Code KVA/HP F G H I K 5.0 -5.59 5.6 -6.29 6.3 -7.09 7.1 -7.99 8.0 -8.99 Code L M N P R KVA/HP 9.0-9.99 10.0-11.19 11.2-12.49 12.5-13.99 14.0-15.99 Code S T U V KVA/HP 16.0-17.99 18.0-19.99 20.0-22.39 22.4 & Up
Symbols
I E = current in amperes = voltage in volts
KW = power in kilowatts KVA = apparent power in kilo-volt-amperes HP n ns P f = output power in horsepower = motor speed in revolutions per minute (RPM) = synchronous speed in revolutions per minute (RPM)
= number of poles = frequency in cycles per second (CPS)
T = torque in pound-feet EFF = efficiency as a decimal PF = power factor as a decimal
Electrical Formulas
To Find Alternating Current Single-Phase HP x 746 E x Eff x pf Kw x 1000 E x pf Three-Phase HP x 746 1.73 x E x Eff x pf Kw x 1000 1.73 x E x pf
Amperes when horsepower is known
Amperes when kilowatts are known
Amperes when kva are known
Kva x 1000 E I x E x pf 1000 IxE 1000 I x E x Eff x pf 746
Kva x 1000 1.73 x E 1.73 x I x E x pf 1000 1.73 x I x E 1000 1.73 x I x E x Eff x pff 746
Kilowatts
Kva
Horsepower = (Output)
I = Amperes; E = Volts; Eff = Efficiency; pf = Power Factor; Kva = Kilovolt-amperes; Kw = Kilowatts
Locked Rotor Current (IL) From Nameplate Data
577 x HP x KVA/HP E 1000 x HP x KVA/HP Single Phase: IL = E Three Phase: IL =
See: KVA/HP Chart
EXAMPLE:Motor nameplate indicates 10 HP, 3 Phase, 460 Volts, Code F. 577 x 10 x (5.6 or 6.29) 460 70.25 or 78.9 Amperes (possible range)
IL =
IL =
Effect Of Line Voltage On Locked Rotor Current (I L) (Approx.)
IL @ ELINE = IL @ EN/P x ELINE EN/P
EXAMPLE:Motor has a locked rotor current (inrush of 100 Amperes (IL) at the rated nameplate voltage (EN/P) of 230 volts. What is IL with 245 volts (ELINE) applied to this motor? IL @ 245 V. = 100 x 254V/230V IL @ 245V. = 107 Amperes
Basic Horsepower Calculations
Horsepower is work done per unit of time. One HP equals 33,000 ft-lb of work per minute. When work is done by a source of torque (T) to produce (M) rotations about an axis, the
work done is: radius x 2 x rpm x lb. or 2 TM When rotation is at the rate N rpm, the HP delivered is: radius x 2 x rpm x TN lb. HP = = 5,250 33,000 For vertical or hoisting motion: WxS HP = 33,000 x E Where: W = total weight in lbs. to be raised by motor S = hoisting speed in feet per minute overall mechanical efficiency of hoist and gearing. For purposes of E = estimating E = .65 for eff. of hoist and connected gear. For fans and blowers: Volume (cfm) x Head (inches of water) 6356 x Mechanical Efficiency of Fan
HP =
Or Volume (cfm) x Pressure (lb. Per sq. ft.) 3300 x Mechanical Efficiency of Fan
HP =
Or Volume (cfm) x Pressure (lb. Per sq. in.) 229 x Mechanical Efficiency of Fan
HP =
For pumps: HP = GPM x Pressure in lb. Per sq. in. x Specific Grav.
1713 x Mechanical Efficiency of Pump Or GPM x Total Dynamic Head in Feet x S.G. 3960 x Mechanical Efficiency of Pump
HP =
where Total Dynamic Head = Static Head + Friction Head
Accelerating Torque
The equivalent inertia of an adjustable speed drive indicates the energy required to keep the system running. However, starting or accelerating the system requires extra energy. The torque required to accelerate a body is equal to the WK2 of the body, times the change in RPM, divided by 308 times the interval (in seconds) in which this acceleration takes place: WK2N (in lb.ft.) 308t
ACCELERATING TORQUE =
Where: N = Change in RPM W = Weight in Lbs. K = Radius of gyration Time of acceleration t= (secs.) 2 WK = Equivalent Inertia 308 = Constant of proportionality
