To find unknown sides : To find unknown angles :
a b c sin A sin B sin C
sin A sin B sin C a b c
SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES
1.2 Use Sine Rule to find the unknown sides or angles of a triangle.
Task 1 : Find the unknown sides of a triangle when two of its angles and one of the corresponding
sides are known.
(1) Diagram 1 shows the triangle ABC. Answer :
BC 8 .2
0
sin 75 sin 400
8.2
BC sin 750
sin 400
Diagram 1
Using the scientific calculator,
Calculate the length of BC. BC = 12.32 cm
(2) Diagram 2 shows the triangle PQR
Diagram 2
Calculate the length of PQ. [ 8.794 cm ]
(3) Diagram 3 shows the triangle DEF.
D
15 cm
600 350 16’
E F
Diagram 3
Calculate the length of DE.
[ 10.00 cm ]
(4) Diagram 4 shows the triangle KLM.
L
K 0 420
63
15 cm
Diagram 4
M
Calculate the length of KM.
[ 11.26 cm ]
Solutions of Triangles 1
(5) Diagram 5 shows the triangle ABC. Answer :
ABC 180 0 40 0 75 0 65 0
AC 8 .2
0
sin 65 sin 40 0
8 .2
BC 0
sin 65 0
Diagram 5 sin 40
Using the scientific calculator,
Calculate the length of AC.
AC = 11.56 cm
(6) Diagram 6 shows the triangle PQR
Diagram 6
Calculate the length of PR.
[ 6.527 cm ]
(7) Diagram 7 shows the triangle DEF.
D
15 cm
600 350 16’
E F
Diagram 7
Calculate the length of EF.
[ 17.25 cm ]
(8) Diagram 8 shows the triangle KLM.
L
K 0 420
63
15 cm
Diagram 8
M
Calculate the length of KL.
[ 16.26 cm ]
Solutions of Triangles 2
Task 2 : Find the unknown sides of a triangle when two of its angles and the side not corresponding
to the angles are known.
(9) Diagram 9 shows the triangle ABC. Answer :
ABC 1800 47 0 780 550
BC 11.2
0
sin 47 sin 550
11.2
BC 0
sin 47 0
sin 55
Diagram 9
Using scientific calculator,
Calculate the length of BC.
BC = 9.9996 cm or 10.00 cm
(10) Diagram 10 shows the triangle ABC.
Diagram 10
Calculate the length of AC.
[ 4.517 cm ]
(11) Diagram 11 shows the triangle PQR.
7.2 cm
R
P 0 250
28
Diagram 11
Q
Calculate the length of PQ.
[ 3.810 cm ]
(12) Diagram 12 shows the triangle DEF.
720 510
E F
5.6 cm
Diagram 12
Calculate the length of DE.
[ 5.189 cm ]
Solutions of Triangles 3
Task 3 : Find the unknown angles of a triangle when two sides and a non-included angle are given.
(1) Diagram 1 shows the triangle ABC. Answer :
A
sin C sin 60 0
10 cm
15 cm 10 15
600 10 sin 60 0
B C sin C
Diagram 1 15
sin C 0.5774
Find ACB.
C sin 1 0.5774
C 35.270
(2) Diagram 2 shows the triangle KLM
15 cm L
K
9 cm 500
Diagram 2
M
Find KLM
[ 27.360 ]
(3) Diagram 3 shows the triangle DEF.
D
3.5 cm
12.5 cm
430 24’
E F
Diagram 3
Find DFE.
[ 11.090 ]
(4) Diagram 4 shows the triangle PQR.
13 cm R
P
10 cm
0
130
Diagram 4
Q
Find QPR.
[ 36.110 ]
Solutions of Triangles 4
(5) Diagram 5 shows the triangle ABC. Answer :
A sin A sin 110 0
14 cm 9 14
9 sin 110 0
sin A
1100 B 14
Diagram 5
C
9 cm sin A 0.6041
Find ABC.
A sin 1 0.6041
A 37.160
ABC 1800 1100 37.16 0
32.84 0
(6) Diagram 6 shows the triangle KLM.
K 4.2 cm L
2.8 cm
Diagram 6 250
M
Find KLM.
[ 138.640 ]
(7) Diagram 7 shows the triangle DEF.
E
D 340
6.7 cm 4.4 cm
F Diagram 7
Find DFE.
[ 124.460 ]
(8) Diagram 8 shows the triangle PQR.
P
12.3 cm
0
55 Diagram 8
R Q
7.7 cm
Find PQR.
[ 94.150 ]
Solutions of Triangles 5
Task 4 : Find the unknown side of a triangle when two sides and a non-included angle are given.
(1) Diagram 1 shows the triangle ABC. Answer :
A sin C sin 37 0
14 cm 14 9
370
14 sin 37 0
sin C
B 9
Diagram 1
C
9 cm sin C 0.9362
C sin 1 0.9362
Given that ACB is an obtuse angle, find
the length of AC. C 110.580
B 1800 110.580 370
32.420
AC 9
0
sin 32.42 sin 37 0
9 sin 32.42 0
AC
sin 37 0
AC = 8.018 cm
(2) Diagram 2 shows the triangle KLM
9 cm L
K 0
40
7 cm
M Diagram 2
Given that KLM is an obtuse angle, find
the length of ML.
[ 2.952 cm ]
Solutions of Triangles 6
(3) Diagram 3 shows the triangle DEF.
D
8 cm
420
E 11 cm F
Diagram 3
Given that the value of EDF is greater than
900, find the length of DE.
[ 5.040 cm ]
(4) Diagram 4 shows the triangle PQR.
8.5 cm R
P 460
6.9 cm
Diagram 4
Q
Given that PQR is an angle in the second
quadrant of the cartesian plane, find the
length of QR.
[ 2.707 cm ]
(5) Diagram 5 shows the triangle KLM.
K L
0
23
17.3 cm 9.2 cm
Diagram 5
M
Given that KLM is an angle in the second
quadrant of the cartesian plane, find the
length of KL.
[ 9.686 cm ]
Solutions of Triangles 7
Solutions of Triangles 8
SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES
2.2 Use Cosine Rule to find the unknown sides or angles of a triangle.
b2 c2 a2
2 2 2
a = b + c – 2bc cos A cos A
2bc
b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B a c2 b2
2
cos B
2ac
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C a b2 c2
2
cos C
2ab
Task 1 : Find the unknown side of a triangle when two sides and an included angle are given.
(1) Diagram 1 shows the triangle PQR such Solution :
that PR =12.3 cm , QR =16.4 cm and
PRQ = 67 .
x 2 16.4 2 12.3 2 2(16.4)(12.3) cos 67 0
P = 262.1
12.3 cm
x cm x 262.61
670 x 16.21
Q R
16.4 cm
Diagram 1
Find the value of x.
(2) Diagram 2 shows the triangle PQR such that
PQ =7 cm, QR =5 cm and PQR = 75 .
R
x cm 5 cm
5cm
750
Q
P 7 cm
Diagram 2
Find the value of x.
[ 7.475 ]
(3) Diagram 3 shows a triangle with sides 5 cm ,
13 cm and an included angle 43 .
5 cm x cm
430
E
13 cm
Diagram 3
Find the value of x .
[ 9.946 ]
Solutions of Triangles 8
(4) Diagram 4 shows the triangle PQR.
7 cm C
A 0
53
6.3 cm
Diagram 4
B
Find the length of BC.
[ 5.967 cm ]
(5) Diagram 5 shows the triangle KLM.
5.8 cm
K L
480
4 cm
Diagram 5
M
Find the length of LM.
[ 4.312 cm ]
(6) Diagram 6 shows the triangle PQR.
2.23 cm
750 31’
P Q
5.40 cm
Diagram 6
Find the length of PR.
[ 5.302 cm ]
(7) Diagram 7 shows a triangle with sides
6.21 cm , 10.51 cm and an included angle
360 39’ .
x cm
6.21cm
360 39'
10.51cm
Diagram 7
Find the value of x .
[ 6.656 ]
Solutions of Triangles 9
Task 2 : Find the unknown angle of a triangle when three sides are given.
(1) In Diagram 1, ABC is a triangle where Solution :
AB = 13 cm, AC = 14 cm and BC= 15 cm. 13 2 14 2 15 2
cos BAC
A 2(13)(14)
13cm 14 cm =0.3846
C BAC 67.38
B 15 cm
Diagram 1
Find BAC .
(2) Diagram 2 shows a triangle ABC where
AB = 11 cm, AC = 13 cm and BC= 16 cm.
A
11cm 13 cm
B C
16 cm
Diagram 2
Find BAC .
[ 83.17]
(3) Diagram 3 shows a triangle ABC where
AB = 13 cm, AC = 16 cm and BC = 17.5 cm.
A
13cm 16 cm
B C
17.5 cm
Diagram 3
Calculate BAC
[ 73.41]
(4) Diagram 4 shows a triangle ABC where
AB = 12.67 cm, AC = 16.78 cm and
BC= 19.97 cm.
A
12.67cm 16.78 cm
B 19.97 cm C
Diagram 4
Calculate BCA
[39.17]
Solutions of Triangles 10
(5) In Diagram 5, PQR is a triangle such that
PR = 6.45 cm, RQ = 2.23 cm and
PQ = 5.40 cm. R
6.45 cm 2.23 cm
Q
P
5.40 cm
Diagram 5
Find RQP .
[108.07]
(6) In Diagram 6, PQR is a triangle such that
PR = 23.5 cm, RQ = 12.5 cm and
PQ= 18.7 cm.
R
23.5 cm
12.5 cm
P Q
18.7 cm
Diagram 6
Calculate the smallest angle in the triangle.
[31.96]
(7) For triangle ABC in Diagram 7, AB = 8.56
cm, AC = 11.23 cm and BC= 14.51 cm.
A
8.56cm 11.23cm
B C
14.5 1cm
Diagram 7
Calculate the largest angle in the triangle.
[93.33]
(8) For triangle ABC in Diagram 8, AB = 13
cm, AC = 16 cm and BC= 17.5 cm.
A
13cm 16 cm
B C
17.5 cm
Diagram 8
Calculate the second largest angle in the
triangle.
[61.19]
Solutions of Triangles 11
Solutions of Triangles 12
1
Area of ∆ = ab sin C
2
SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES
1
1 = bc sin A
3.1 Use the formula ab sin C or its equivalent to find the area 2
2 1
of a triangle. = ac sin B
2
Task : Find the area of a triangles given in each of the following..
(1) In Diagram 1, ABC is a triangle with Solution:
AB= 6 cm, AC = 9 cm and BAC 53 .
1
A Area of ABC (6)(9) sin 53
6 cm 2
53 = 21.56 cm2
9 cm B
Diagram 1
C
Find the area of ABC
(2) In Diagram 2, ABC is a triangle with
AC= 6 cm, BC = 5 cm and ACB 78 .
A
6 cm
B 78
5 cm C
Diagram 2
Find the area of ABC.
2
[ 14.67 cm ]
(3) In Diagram 3, ABC is a triangle with
AC= 6 cm, BC = 8 cm and ACB 120 .
B
8 cm
C
120
6 cm
Diagram 3
Find the area of ABC.
2
[ 20.78 cm ]
(4) In Diagram 4, ABC is a triangle with
AC= 6 cm, BC = 12.5 cm and the reflex
angle ACB 250 .
B
12.5 cm
C
250
6 cm
Diagram 4
A
2
Find the area of ABC. [ 35.24 cm ]
Solutions of Triangles 12
(5) In Diagram 5, ABC is a triangle such that Solution:
AB= 12.5 cm , AC = 6 cm and ACB=80. 12.5 6
(a)
B C sin 80 sin CBA
80
6 cm 6 sin 80
sin CBA =
12.5 cm 12.5
A = 0.4727
Diagram 5 CBA =sin -1 (0.2727)
=28.21
Find (a) CBA,
(b) the area of the triangle. (b) CAB 180 28.21 80
=71.79
1
Area of ABC= (6)(12.5) sin 71.79
2
2
=35.62 cm
(6) In Diagram 6, ABC is a triangle such that
AB= 11 cm , AC = 15 cm and ACB=4534’.
A
11cm
15 cm
B
4534'
C Diagram 6
Find (a) CBA,
(b) the area of the triangle.
[ (a) 76.830 (b) 69.66 cm2 ]
(7) In Diagram 7, ABC is a triangle such that
AC = 7 cm, AB = 15 cm and
ACB = 11530’.
A
15 cm
7cm 11530' B
C
Diagram 7
Find (a) CBA,
(b) the area of the triangle
[ (a) 24.910 (b) 33.46 cm2 ]
Solutions of Triangles 13
(8) In Diagram 8, ABC is a triangle where
AB= 15 cm, BC =11 cm and AC=8 cm. Solution
112 15 2 8 2
(a) cos B
11 cm B 2(11)(15)
C
=0.8545
8cm
15 cm B = 31 30’
A
1
Diagram 8 (b) Area of ABC = (11)(15) sin 31 30 '
2
Find (a) the smallest angle, = 42.86
(b) the area of ABC.
(9) In Diagram 9, ABC is a triangle where
AB= 30 cm, BC =25 cm and AC=20 cm.
C
25 cm
20 cm
B
A 30 cm
Diagram 9
Find (a) the largest angle,
(b) the area of ABC.
0 2
[ (a) 82.82 (b) 248.04 cm ]
(10) In Diagram 10, ABC is a triangle where
AB = 13 cm, AC = 14 cm and BC= 15 cm.
A
13cm 14 cm
B C
15 cm
Diagram 10
Find (a) the second largest angle,
(b) the area of ABC.
0 2
[ (a) 59.49 (b) 84.00 cm ]
Solutions of Triangles 14
SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES
3.2 Solve problems involving three-dimensional objects
Task : Answer all the questions below.
(1) Solution:
H G
G
HC= 6 2 3 2 6.708
E
F
BD = 6 2 4 2 7.211
D C HB = 4.69 2 3 2 7.810
A B
7.810 2 6.708 2 4 2
cos BHC
2(7.810)(6.708)
The diagram above shows a cuboid with a
= 0.8589
rectangular base, ABCD. Given that
AB = 6cm, BC = 4cm and CG=3 cm.
Find BHC BHC = 30.810
(2)
H G
E
F
D C
A B
The diagram above shows a cuboid with a
rectangular base ABCD. Given that
AB = 16 cm, BC = 4cm and CG=13 cm.
Find BHC
[10.98]
(3)
H G
E
F
D C
A B
The diagram above shows a cuboid with a
rectangular base ABCD. Given that AB = 6
cm, BC = 4cm and CG = 3 cm.
Find BGD.
[74.44]
Solution of Triangles 15
4. H G The diagram on the left shows a cuboid with a
rectangular base ABCD. Given that DG=6.1 cm,
BG=7.2 cm and BGD =41.02.
E D F
C Find the length of BD.
A
B
[ 4.772 cm ]
5.
H G The diagram on the left shows a cuboid with a rectangular
base ABCD. Given that BC = 8.2 cm, CG = 6.42 cm,
AB = 12.03 cm and ABG =110.02.
E D
C Find the length of AG.
F
A
B
[ 17.91 cm ]
Solution of Triangles 16
Solution of Triangles 17
SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES
Further Practice with questions based on SPM format.
Task : Answer all the questions below.
(1) Diagram 1 shows a trapezium LMNO.
L 13 cm M
16 cm
31o
O 18 cm N
Diagram 1
Calculate (a) LNM,
(b) the length of LN,
(c) the area of ∆OLN.
0 2
[ (a) 24.74 (b) 25.67 cm (c) 118.99 cm ]
(2) In Diagram 2, BCD is a straight line.
A
32o
10 cm
7 cm
B C 5 cm D
Diagram 2
Find (a) ACD,
(b) the length of BC,
(c) the area of triangle ABD.
0 2
[ (a) 111.80 (b) 3.769 cm (c) 28.50 cm ]
(3) In Diagram 3, FGH is a straight line and G is
the midpoint of FH.
E
14 cm 16 cm
F 10 cm G H
Diagram 3
Find (a) EFG,
(b) the length of EG,
(c) the area of triangle EGH.
0 2
[ (a) 52.62 (b) 11.23 cm (c) 52.62 cm ]
Solutions of Triangles 17
(4) Diagram 4 shows a quadrilateral KLNM.
Diagram 4
Calculate (a) the length of LM,
(b) MNL,
(c) the area of quadrilateral KLNM.
0 2
[ (a) 12.92 cm (b) 31.73 (c) 141.65 cm ]
(5) In Diagram 5, QRS is a straight line.
Diagram 5
Find (a) QPR,
(b) the length of RS,
(c) the area of triangle PRS.
0 2
[ (a) 54.31 (b) 4.157 cm (c) 74.75 cm ]
(6) In Diagram 6, BCD is a straight line.
Diagram 6
Calculate (a) the length of AB,
(b) CAD,
(c) the area of triangle ACD.
0 2
[ (a) 6.678 cm (b)84.74 (c) 13.17 cm ]
Solutions of Triangles 18
