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Unit 5. Thermochemistry (Answers) : 5.2 Define Exothermic and Endothermic Reaction and Solve Related Problems

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This document provides sample questions and answers related to thermochemistry. It covers topics like: 1. Calculating work done during a pressure-volume change using the first law of thermodynamics. 2. Defining exothermic and endothermic reactions and solving related problems involving enthalpy changes. 3. Using Hess's law to calculate enthalpy changes for reactions and solving thermochemistry problems involving concepts like specific heat, molar heat capacity, and bomb calorimetry.

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Unit 5. Thermochemistry (Answers) : 5.2 Define Exothermic and Endothermic Reaction and Solve Related Problems

Uploaded by

billingsley
120 views5 pages
This document provides sample questions and answers related to thermochemistry. It covers topics like: 1. Calculating work done during a pressure-volume change using the first law of thermodynamics. 2. Defining exothermic and endothermic reactions and solving related problems involving enthalpy changes. 3. Using Hess's law to calculate enthalpy changes for reactions and solving thermochemistry problems involving concepts like specific heat, molar heat capacity, and bomb calorimetry.

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This document provides sample questions and answers related to thermochemistry. It covers topics like: 1. Calculating work done during a pressure-volume change using the first law of thermodynamics. 2. Defining exothermic and endothermic reactions and solving related problems involving enthalpy changes. 3. Using Hess's law to calculate enthalpy changes for reactions and solving thermochemistry problems involving concepts like specific heat, molar heat capacity, and bomb calorimetry.

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120 views5 pages

Unit 5. Thermochemistry (Answers) : 5.2 Define Exothermic and Endothermic Reaction and Solve Related Problems

Uploaded by

billingsley
This document provides sample questions and answers related to thermochemistry. It covers topics like: 1. Calculating work done during a pressure-volume change using the first law of thermodynamics. 2. Defining exothermic and endothermic reactions and solving related problems involving enthalpy changes. 3. Using Hess's law to calculate enthalpy changes for reactions and solving thermochemistry problems involving concepts like specific heat, molar heat capacity, and bomb calorimetry.

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Unit 5.

Thermochemistry (Answers)
Upon successful completion of this unit, the students should be able to:

5.1 Solve problems related to work (in terms of pressure and volume) and the first law of
thermodynamics.

1. The energy of the universe is constant.


2.

w = - P∆V = - (5 atm)(10 L) = - 50 L atm


101.3 J kJ
- 50 L atm x x 3 = - 5.1 kJ
L atm 10 J

5.2 Define exothermic and endothermic reaction and solve related problems.

1. A reaction in which heat energy is released.


2. a. endothermic
b. endothermic
c. exothermic
d. exothermic
3. d

5.3 Solve problems related to enthalpy.

1. a. C6H6(l) + 15/2O2(g) Æ 6CO2(g) + 3H2O(g) ∆H = -3.268 x 103 kJ


b.

mol C 6 H 6 - 3.268 x 10 3 kJ
? kJ = 10.0 g C 6 H 6 x x = 418 kJ
78.108 g C 6 H 6 1 mol C 6 H 6

2. a
3. e
4. d
5.

mol N 2 O 163.2 kJ
? kJ = 10.0 g N 2 O x x = 18.5 kJ
44.02 g N 2 O 2 mol N 2 O
5.4 Define the terms specific heat capacity (specific heat), heat capacity, and molar
heat capacity and solve related problems.

1. chromium
2. heat capacity
3. The amount of heat required to raise one gram of a substance 1 oC.
4. molar heat capacity (because 55.85 g of Fe is one mole of Fe)

5.5 Solve problems related to calorimetry and describe what a bomb calorimeter is.

1. -qlost = qgained
-(mmcm∆Tm) = mwcw∆Tw
J
(150.0 g)(4.18 )( 23.3 o C - 20.0 o C)
m c ∆T g oC J
cm = w w w = = 0.243 o
- m m ∆Tm o
- (150.0 g)(23.3 C - 80.0 C) o
g C

J
2. q = mc∆T = (15.0 g)(0.89 o
)(18 o C) = 240 J
g C
3. A bomb calorimeter has a rigid steel reaction chamber (a “bomb”) in which a sample
is burned (ignition wires start the reaction). The heat released by the reaction is
absorbed by the surrounding water. A thermometer records the temperature change
of the water. A stirrer evenly distributes the heat produced.

4. q = mc∆T

q 596 J
∆T = = = 4.82 o C
mc (29.6 g)(4.18 J )
g oC

22.9 oC + 4.82 oC = 27.8 oC

5. We assume all the heat lost of the combustion was gained by the water in the bomb
calorimeter.

6. 31.67 oC - 25.24 oC = 6.43 oC

5.02 kJ mol
6.43 o C x o
= 32.2 kJ 1.221 g x = 0.01 mol
C 122.1 g

32.2 kJ kJ
= 3,220
0.01 mol mol
5.6 Use Hess’s Law to calculate enthalpy changes for a variety of reactions.

1. (N2(g) + 3/2O2(g) Æ N2O3(s) ∆H = 83.7 kJ) reverse


(N2(g) + O2(g) Æ 2NO(g) ∆H = 180.4 kJ) x 1/2
1/2N2(g) + O2(g) Æ NO2(g) ∆H = 33.2 kJ

N2O3(s) Æ N2(g) + 3/2O2(g) ∆H = -83.7 kJ


1/2N2(g) + 1/2O2(g) Æ NO(g) ∆H = 90.2 kJ
1/2N2(g) + O2(g) Æ NO2(g) ∆H = 33.2 kJ

N2O3(g) Æ NO(g) + NO2(g) ∆H = 39.7 kJ

2. (H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) Æ H2O(l) ∆H = -285 kJ) reverse


CaO(s) + H2O(l) Æ Ca(OH)2(s) ∆H = -64 kJ
Ca(s) + 1/2O2(g) Æ CaO(s) ∆H = -635 kJ

H2O(l) Æ H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) ∆H = 285 kJ


CaO(s) + H2O(l) Æ Ca(OH)2(s) ∆H = -64 kJ
Ca(s) + 1/2O2(g) Æ CaO(s) ∆H = -635 kJ

Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) Æ Ca(OH)2(s) + H2(g) ∆H = -414 kJ

5.7 Apply their knowledge of standard states and standard enthalpies of formation to
calculate ∆H for a variety of reactions and solve related problems.

1. Pb(s) + N2(g) + 3O2(g) Æ Pb(NO3)2(s)


2. a
3. ⎡ ⎛ kJ ⎞ ⎛ kJ ⎞⎤
- 1194 kJ = ⎢2 mol⎜ - 286 ⎟ + 2 mol⎜ − 394 ⎟ - [(1 mol)x ]
⎣ ⎝ mol ⎠ ⎝ mol ⎠⎥⎦
kJ
x = - 166 = ∆H 0f
mol

4. Notice the equation shown is the reverse equation of the heat of formation and with
twice as many moles. So if we change the sign and divide by two, we will have the
heat of formation of HF(g). The correct choice is “b”.

5. Ca3(PO4)2 (s) + 3H2SO4 (l) Æ 3CaSO4 (s) + 2H3PO4 (l)

⎡ ⎛ - 1433 kJ ⎞ ⎛ - 1267 kJ ⎞⎤ ⎡ ⎛ - 4126 kJ ⎞ ⎛ - 814 kJ ⎞⎤


∆H o = ⎢3 mol⎜ ⎟ + 2mol⎜ ⎟⎥ - ⎢1 mol⎜ ⎟ + 3 mol⎜ ⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝ mol ⎠ ⎝ mol ⎠⎦ ⎣ ⎝ mol ⎠ ⎝ mol ⎠⎦
∆H o = - 265 kJ
Additional Unit 5 Sample Questions:

1. We will need to assume that the volumes are additive, giving us a total volume of
450 mL.

1.00 g
450 mL x = 450 g
mL
J
q = mc∆T = (450 g)(4.184 o
)(38 o C) = 7.2 x 104 J
g C

We know that the amount of heat released was 7.2 x 104 J. We must now determine how many mol of
KCl were produced so we can express the ∆H in kJ/mol.

L HCl soln 0.500 mol HCl


150.0 mL HCl soln x x = 0.075 mol HCl
1000 mL HCl soln L HCl soln
L KOH soln 0.250 mol KOH
300.0 mL KOH soln x x = 0.075 mol KOH
1000 mL KOH soln L KOH soln

Since we have an equal number of moles for each reactant and the HCl:KOH mole ratio from the
balanced equation is 1:1, have = need for both reactants and either can be considered the limiting
reactant.

1 mol KCl
0.075 mol HCl x = 0.075 mol KCl formed
1 mol HCl
7.2 x 104 J kJ kJ
x = 960
0.075 mol KCl 1000 J mol KCl

∆H o = - 960 kJ (we know it must be negative because heat was released)

2. a. We will need to look at heat of formation values in the Appendix of the text.

⎡ ⎛ - 925 kJ ⎞ ⎤ ⎡ ⎛ - 286 kJ ⎞⎤
∆H o = ⎢1 mol⎜ ⎟ + 0⎥ - ⎢0 + 2 mol⎜ ⎟⎥ = - 353 kJ
⎣ ⎝ mol ⎠ ⎦ ⎣ ⎝ mol ⎠⎦

b.

kJ 1 mol Mg 24.31 g Mg
? g Mg = - 6.3 x 103 J x 3
x x = 0.43 g Mg
10 J - 353 kJ mol Mg
c. We need to remember that the density of water = 1.00 g/mL, therefore 25 mL = 25 g.

q = mc∆T

q 6.3 x 103 J
∆T = = = 60 o C
mc (25.0 g)(4.18 J
)
g oC

25 oC + 60 oC = 85 oC

3. a. exothermic
b. endothermic
c. endothermic

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