BDS1Thethoracicskeleton

Thissessionisdesignedtofamiliarizeyouwiththethoracicskeleton. [Link],identifythecomponentsofthethoraciccageandlistthemhere: [Link]?Whichstructuresdefine theirboundaries?Whichpartsoftherespiratorysystemanddigestivesystempass throughthethoracicinletandnamethreelargetubularstructuresthatpassthroughthe outlet. [Link]. [Link] attachmentoftheircostalcartilagetothesternum?Whataretheseribscalled?Your answershouldcontaintwodifferenttypesofrib.

[Link]. [Link] structurerunsthroughthevertebralforamen? [Link],neck,tubercle,angle,costalgrooveand [Link]. [Link] [Link]?Iftheribyouareexaminingisthe8th rib,withwhichvertebraewoulditarticulate? [Link] [Link]? [Link]?Rememberevenvertebratesthathave nolungsstillhaveribs. [Link]: inferior,superior,ventral,dorsal,anterior,posterior,rostral,caudal,medial,lateral, median,sagittal,parasagittal,coronal,transverse.

BDS1Intercostalspace,diaphragm,neuralcontrolofbreathing
Thissessionisdesignedtofamiliarizeyouwithbasicanatomyofthemembranesand musclesthatlinethethoraciccavityandtheneuromuscularcontrolofbreathing [Link] muscles,[Link] spatialorganisationhere: [Link]?Whatdoesitdo?Whatstructuresdoesitinnervate (thereshouldbeatleast3componentstoyouranswer)? [Link] nerve(thereshouldbeatleast2componentstoyouranswer)?Atwhichsegmental levelswouldthesecellbodieslie?

[Link] [Link] [Link]: [Link] andeitherdescribeordrawthepositionsthattheypenetratethediaphragm. Whatwillhappentothesestructureswhenthediaphragmcontracts?Doesthismake functionalsense(thinkaboutthepressurechangesinthethorax,thedirectionofflow withinthesestructuresandwhatyoudon'twanttohappentothisflow). [Link] theaxonsthatarecontainedinthesenerves?Whatistherelationofthesenervestothe fibrouspericardium?

[Link] pericardiumtothecentraltendon(whyisitagoodideathatthepericardiumattaches hereratherthanotherregionsofthediaphragm?). [Link] pleuraandwhereistheparietalpleura?Whatisthenameofthecavitythatlies betweenthesemembranesandwhatwouldyounormallyfindinthiscavity?Whatisthe purposeofthepleuralmembranesandtheircontents? [Link]?Ifyourdissectedorprosectedmaterial allows,runyourhanddownthedomeofthediaphragmsothatyourfingertipsreach [Link] dothelungsthemselvesreach? [Link] [Link] ordinatingthismechanism?

BDS1Theairwaysandlungs
Thissessionisdesignedtofamiliarizeyouwiththebasicanatomyoftheairwaysand lungs [Link] [Link] drawingmedialandlateralviewsofthetwolungsbelow. [Link],[Link]? Why?Whenyoutouchthelungslikethiswhatmaterialareyouactuallytouching? [Link] [Link]?Howwouldidentify eachofthese?

[Link] pleuraattherootofthelung. [Link] [Link]?Whydotheydifferandwhatcanbea consequenceofthisdifference? [Link] bronchopulmonarysegment?Whyaretheyofanyclinicalrelevance?

[Link] [Link] diameteroftheairwaystoberegulated?Howisthediameteroftheairwaysregulated whichnervesandwhichmusclesachievethis(Idon'texpectapreciseanswerhere,just ageneralanswer)? [Link]?Howcanthisberelieved?o [Link],identifythenasalandoralcavitiesandfindthethreesubdivisionsof thepharynxnasopharynx,oropharynxandlaryngopharynx.

 [Link] knowthestructureofthelarynxindetailatthispoint,butyoushouldbeabletoidentify theleaflikeepiglottisandthevocalchords. [Link]?Howdoesthelarynxcontributetothe mechanismsofcoughingandsneezing?

BDS1Theheart
Thissessionisdesignedtofamiliarizeyouwiththebasicstructureoftheheartand associatedgreatvessels. [Link]: wallsofrightandleftatria leftandrightauricle wallsofrightandleftventricles ascendingaorta pulmonarytrunk leftandrightpulmonaryarteries leftandrightpulmonaryveins inferiorandsuperiorvenacavae theapexoftheheart(nexttowhichintercostalspacedoestheapexusuallylie) [Link] oftherightatrium,therightventricularwallandtheleftventricularwall. [Link]?

[Link]? [Link] vesselsconnectedtothisregion?Howmany?Howaretheyrelatedtothepulmonary trunk?Followthesebloodvesselsasfarasyoucanonthesurfaceoftheheart. [Link] [Link] [Link] namesforthesegrooves. [Link] [Link] foundleavingtheproximalregionoftheaorta.

[Link] [Link]? [Link] [Link]: thepectinatemuscles? thepapillarymuscles? thefossaovalis? trabeculaecarneae? chordaetendineae? [Link] thisatrium?Whichvesselsdrainintotheseopenings? [Link] structureofthesemilunarvalvesthatyouwillfindattheentrancetothepulmonary trunkandaorta.

[Link] theleavingthesurfaceoftheascendingaorta(point5above)? [Link]?At whichpointinheartbeatwillmostbloodenterthevesselsthatleavethesurfaceofthe ascendingaorta?Why? [Link] attachmenttothediaphragmandifpossibletothegreatvesselsastheyleavetheheart. Whereistheparietalpericardium?Whereisthevisceralpericardium?Identifythe pulmonaryarteriesandpulmonaryveinsintherootofthelungsifyoucan.

BDS1MediastinumDR Thissessionisdesignedtoillustratetheorganisationofthelargebloodvessels, tracheaandoesophagusinthesuperiormediastinum,thecontentsoftheposterior mediastinumandthegeneralorganisationofthesympatheticandparasympathetic innervationtothethorax. Youwillbeprovidedwithprosectedthorax. [Link](inroughlyanteriortoposteriororder(see diagram): [Link] mediastinumtothepointwheretheypenetratethediaphragm. superiorvenacava,rightandleftbrachiocephalicveinandtheirbranchesto becomesubclavianandinternaljugularveins aorticarchandbrachiocephalicarteryandleftcommoncarotidandleft pulmonarytrunkbranchingintoleftandrightpulmonaryarteries trachea oesophagus azygosveindrainingintoSVC

subclavianartery

 [Link] intercostalspaces?

 [Link] [Link] thoracicarteriesbranch? [Link] [Link] howthesecommunicateacrossthemidline?Rememberthepatterncanbequite variable.

[Link] [Link]?What aretheseswellingsandwhatdotheycontain?Dotheycontainneuronalcellbodies? Ifsodothesecellbodieshavedendritesanddotheyreceivesynapses? [Link]?From whichsegmentallevelsdotheseconnectionsarise? [Link]?Isitvia preganglionicaxonsorpostganglionicaxons? [Link] nerve? [Link] postganglionicneuronsofthevagusnervethatinnervatetheheart?