Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 1

SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS IN CHAPTER 8

8.1 a) x = 25 = 3.5

n = 60

95% Confidence

z.025 = 1.96

3.5

x + z n = 25 + 1.96 60 = 25 + 0.89 = 24.11 < < 25.89

b) x = 119.6
= 23.89
98% Confidence

n = 75
z.01 = 2.33

2.89

x + z n = 119.6 + 2.33 75 = 119.6 6.43 = 113.17 < < 126.03

c) x = 3.419
90% C.I.

= 0.974
z.05 = 1.645

n = 32

0.974

x + z n = 3.419 + 1.645 32 = 3.419 .283 = 3.136 < < 3.702

d) x = 56.7
80% C.I.

x z n

= 12.1
z.10 = 1.28

N = 500

n = 47

N n
12.1 500 47
N 1 = 56.7 + 1.28 47 500 1

56.7 2.15 = 54.55 < < 58.85

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 2

8.2 n = 36 x = 211
95% C.I.

= 23
z.025 = 1.96

2
x z n = 211 1.96 36 =

x = 47

8.3 n = 81
90% C.I.

211 7.51 = 203.49 < < 218.51

= 5.89
z.05=1.645

5.89

x z n = 47 1.645 81 = 47 1.08 = 45.92 < < 48.08

8.4 n = 70 2 = 49
x = 90.4

94% C.I.

x = 90.4

Point Estimate
z.03 = 1.88

49
x + z n = 90.4 1.88 70 = 90.4 1.57 = 88.83 < < 91.97

8.5 n = 39
96% C.I.

x z n

N = 200
z.02 = 2.05

x = 66

N n
11
N 1 = 66 2.05 9

66 3.25 = 62.75 < < 69.25

x = 66

Point Estimate

= 11
200 39
200 1 =

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 3

x = 18.72
z.005 = 2.575

8.6 n = 120
99% C.I.
x = 18.72

= 0.8735

Point Estimate

0.8735

x + z n = 18.72 2.575 120 = 8.72 .21 = 18.51 < < 18.93

8.7 N = 1500
95% C.I.

n = 187
z.025 = 1.96

x = 5.3 years

x z n

x = 5.3 years

= 1.28 years

Point Estimate

1.28 1500 187

N n
N 1 = 5.3 1.96 187
1500 1 =

5.3 .17 = 5.13 < < 5.47

8.8 n = 24
90% C.I.

x = 5.656
z.05 = 1.645

= 3.229

3.23
x z n = 5.625 1.645 24 = 5.625 1.085 = 4.540 < < 6.710

8.9

n = 36
98% C.I.

x = 3.306
z.01 = 2.33

= 1.17

1.17
x z n = 3.306 2.33 36 = 3.306 .454 = 2.852 < < 3.760

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 4

8.10 n = 36 x = 2.139
x = 2.139

90% C.I.

= .113

Point Estimate
z.05 = 1.645

(.113)

x z n = 2.139 1.645 36 = 2.139 .03 = 2.109 < < 2.169

8.11 = 27.4
x = 24.533

95% confidence interval

n = 45

= 5.124

z = + 1.96

Confidence interval:

5.124
x + z n = 24.533 + 1.96 45 =

24.533 + 1.497 = 23.036 < < 26.030

8.12 The point estimate is 0.5765.

n = 41

The assumed standard deviation is 0.1394

99% level of confidence: z = + 1.96
Confidence interval:

0.5336 < < 0.6193

Error of the estimate:

0.6193 - 0.5765 = 0.0428

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 5

8.13 n = 13 x = 45.62

s = 5.694

df = 13 1 = 12

95% Confidence Interval

/2=.025
t.025,12 = 2.179
xt

5.694
n = 45.62 2.179 13 = 45.62 3.44 = 42.18 < < 49.06

8.14 n = 12 x = 319.17

s = 9.104

df = 12 - 1 = 11

90% confidence interval

/2 = .05
xt

t.05,11 = 1.796

9.104
n = 319.17 (1.796) 12 = 319.17 4.72 = 314.45 < < 323.89

8.15 n = 41 x = 128.4

s = 20.64

df = 41 1 = 40

98% Confidence Interval

/2=.01
t.01,40 = 2.423
xt

20.6
n = 128.4 2.423 27 = 128.4 9.61 = 118.79 < < 138.01

x = 128.4 Point Estimate

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 6

8.16 n = 15 x = 2.364

s2 = 0.81

df = 15 1 = 14

90% Confidence interval

/2=.05
t.05,14 = 1.761
xt

0.81
n = 2.364 1.761 15 = 2.364 .409 = 1.955 < < 2.773

x = 16.088

8.17 n = 25

s = .817

df = 25 1 = 24

99% Confidence Interval

/2=.005
t.005,24 = 2.797
xt

.817
n = 16.088 2.797 25 = 16.088 .457 = 15.631 < < 16.545

x = 16.088 Point Estimate

x = 1,192

8.18 n = 22

98% CI and /2 = .01

xt

s = 279

df = n - 1 = 21

t.01,21 = 2.518

279
n = 1,192 + (2.518) 22 = 1,192 + 149.78 = 1,042.22 < < 1,341.78

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 7

8.19 n = 20

df = 19

x = 2.36116

95% CI

t.025,19 = 2.093

s = 0.19721

0.1972
2.36116 + 2.093 20 = 2.36116 + 0.0923 = 2.26886 < < 2.45346
Point Estimate = 2.36116
Error = 0.0923

8.20 n = 28 x = 5.335

s = 2.016

90% Confidence Interval

df = 28 1 = 27

/2=.05

t.05,27 = 1.703
xt

2.016
n = 5.335 1.703 28 = 5.335 + .649 = 4.686 < < 5.984

x = 49.8

8.21 n = 10

95% Confidence
xt

/2=.025

s = 18.22

df = 10 1 = 9

t.025,9 = 2.262

18.22
n = 49.8 2.262 10 = 49.8 + 13.03 = 36.77 < < 62.83

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 8

8.22 n = 14,

/2 = .01,

98% confidence,

df = 13

t.01,13 = 2.650
from data:

x = 152.16

s = 14.42
xt

confidence interval:

14.42
n = 152.16 + 2.65 14 =

152.16 + 10.21 = 141.95 < < 162.37

The point estimate is 152.16

8.23 a) n = 44 p =.51
p z

p q
n

b) n = 300

p z

d) n = 95

p z

z.005 = 2.575

(.51)(.49)
44
= .51 2.575
= .51 .194 = .316 < p< .704
p = .82

95% C.I.

z.025 = 1.96

(.82)(.18)
p q
n = .82 1.96
300
= .82 .043 = .777 < p < .863

c) n = 1150

p z

99% C.I.

p = .48

90% C.I.

z.05 = 1.645

(.48)(.52)
p q
n = .48 1.645
1150
= .48 .024 = .456 < p < .504
p = .32

88% C.I.

z.06 = 1.555

(.32)(.68)
p q
n = .32 1.555
95
= .32 .074 = .246 < p < .394

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 9

8.24 a) n = 116

x = 57

99% C.I.

z.005 = 2.575

x 57
=
p = n 116 = .49

p z

(.49)(.51)
p q
n = .49 2.575
116
= .49 .12 = .37 < p < .61

b) n = 800

x = 479

97% C.I.

z.015 = 2.17

x 479
=
p = n 800 = .60

p z

c) n = 240

p q
n

(.60)(.40)
800
= .60 2.17
x = 106

= .60 .038 = .562 < p < .638

85% C.I.

z.075 = 1.44

x 106
=
p = n 240 = .44

p z

d) n = 60

(.44)(.56)
p q
n = .44 1.44
240
= .44 .046 = .394 < p < .486
x = 21

90% C.I.

z.05 = 1.645

x 21
=
p = n 60 = .35

p z

(.35)(.65)
p q
n = .35 1.645
60
= .35 .10 = .25 < p < .45

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 10

8.25

n = 85

x = 40

90% C.I.

z.05 = 1.645

x 40
=
p = n 85 = .47

p z

(.47)(.53)
p q
n = .47 1.645
85
= .47 .09 = .38 < p < .56

95% C.I.

p z

(.47)(.53)
p q
n = .47 1.96
85
= .47 .106 = .364 < p < .576

99% C.I.

p z

z.025 = 1.96

z.005 = 2.575

(.47)(.53)
p q
n = .47 2.575
85
= .47 .14 = .33 < p < .61

All things being constant, as the confidence increased, the width of the interval increased.

8.26

n = 1003

p z

p = .245

99% CI

z.005 = 2.575

(.245)(.755)
p q
n = .245 + 2.575
1003
= .245 + .035 = .21 < p < .28

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 11

8.27

p = .47

n = 560

p z

8.28

z.025 = 1.96

(.47)(.53)
p q
n = .47 + 1.96
560
= .47 + .0413 = .4287 < p < .5113
p = .28

n = 560

p z

95% CI

90% CI

z.05 = 1.645

(.28)(.72)
p q
n = .28 + 1.645
560
= .28 + .0312 = .2488 < p < .3112

n = 1250

x = 997

98% C.I.

z.01 = 2.33

x 997
=
p = n 1250 = .80

p z

8.29

(.80)(.20)
p q
n = .80 2.33
1250
= .80 .026 = .774 < p < .826

n = 3481

x = 927

x 927
=
p = n 3481 = .266

a)

p = .266 Point Estimate

b)

99% C.I.

p z

z.005 = 2.575

(.266)(.734)
p q
n = .266 + 2.575
3481
= .266 .02 =

.246 < p < .286

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 12

8.30

n = 89 x = 48

85% C.I.

z.075 = 1.44

x 48
=
p = n 89 = .54

p z

(.54)(.46)
p q
n = .54 1.44
89
= .54 .076 = .464 < p < .616

p = .63

8.31

p z

8.32 a) n = 12

n = 672

95% Confidence

z = + 1.96

(.63)(.37)
p q
n = .63 + 1.96
672
= .63 + .0365 = .5935 < p < .6665

x = 28.4

2.995,11 = 2.60321

s2 = 44.9

99% C.I.

2.005,11 = 26.7569

(12 1)(44.9)
(12 1)(44.9)
2
26.7569
2.60321
< <
18.46 < 2 < 189.73

b) n = 7

x = 4.37
s = 1.24
95% C.I.
df = 12 1 = 11

2.975,6 = 1.237347

2.025,6 = 14.4494

(7 1)(1.5376)
(7 1)(1.5376)
14.4494
1.237347
< 2 <
0.64 < 2 < 7.46

s2 = 1.5376

df = 12 1 = 11

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 13

c) n = 20

x = 105
90% C.I.

2.95,19 = 10.117

s = 32
s2 = 1024
df = 20 1 = 19
2.05,19 = 30.1435

(20 1)(1024)
(20 1)(1024)
2
30.1435
10.117
< <
645.45 < 2 < 1923.10
d) n = 17

s2 = 18.56

2.90,16 = 9.31223

80% C.I.

df = 17 1 = 16

2.10,16 = 23.5418

(17 1)(18.56)
(17 1)(18.56)
2
23.5418
9.31223
< <
12.61 < 2 < 31.89
8.33

n = 16

s2 = 37.1833

2.99,15 = 5.22935

98% C.I.

2.01,15 = 30.5779

(16 1)(37.1833)
(16 1)(37.1833)
30.5779
5.22935
< 2 <
18.24 < 2 < 106.66
8.34 n = 12
98% C.I.

s = 4.3
df = 20 1 = 19

2.99,19 = 7.63273

s2 = 18.49

2.01,19 = 36.1980

(20 1)(18.49)
(20 1)(18.49)
36.1980
7.63273
< 2 <
9.71 < 2 < 46.03
Point Estimate = s2 = 18.49

df = 16-1 = 15

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 14

8.35

n = 152

s2 = 3.067

2.995,14 = 4.07468

99% C.I.

df = 15 1 = 14

2.005,14 = 31.3193

(15 1)(3.067)
(15 1)(3.067)
2
31.3193
24.07468
< <
1.37 < 2 < 10.54
8.36

n = 14

s2 = 26,798,241.76

95% C.I.

df = 14 1 = 13

Point Estimate = s2 = 26,798,241.76

2.975,13 = 5.00874

2.025,13 = 24.7356

(14 1)(26,798,241.76)
(14 1)( 26,798,241.76)
2
24.7356
5.00874
< <
14,084,038.51 < 2 < 69,553,848.45
8.37 a) = 36E = 5

95% Confidence

z.025 = 1.96

z 2 2 (1.96) 2 (36) 2
=
2
52
n= E
= 199.15
Sample 200
b) = 4.13

E=1

99% Confidence

z 2 2 (2.575) 2 (4.13) 2
=
2
12
n= E

= 113.1

Sample 114
c) E = 10

Range = 500 - 80 = 420

1/4 Range = (.25)(420) = 105

90% Confidence

z.05 = 1.645

z.005 = 2.575

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 15

z 2 2 (1.645) 2 (105) 2
=
2
10 2
n = E
= 298.3
Sample 299
d) E = 3

Range = 108 - 50 = 58

1/4 Range = (.25)(58) = 14.5

88% Confidence

z.06 = 1.555

z 2 2 (1.555) 2 (14.5) 2
=
2
32
n = E

= 56.5

Sample 57

8.38 a) E = .02p=.40

96% Confidence

z.02 = 2.05

z 2 p q (2.05) 2 (.40)(.60)
=
2
E
(.02) 2
n =
= 2521.5
Sample 2522
b) E = .04 p=.50

n =

95% Confidence

z.025 = 1.96

z 2 p q (1.96) 2 (.50)(.50)
=
E2
(.04) 2
= 600.25

Sample 601

c) E = .05 p = .55

90% Confidence

z 2 p q (1.645) 2 (.55)(.45)
=
2
E
(.05) 2
n =
= 267.9
Sample 268

z.05 = 1.645

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 16

d) E =.01 p = .50

n =

99% Confidence

z.005 = 2.575

z 2 p q (2.575) 2 (.50)(.50)
=
E2
(.01) 2
= 16,576.6

Sample 16,577

8.39

E = $200

= $1,000

99% Confidence

z.005 = 2.575

z 2 2 (2.575) 2 (1000) 2
=
2
200 2
n = E
= 165.77
Sample 166

8.40

E = $2 = $12.50

90% Confidence

z 2 2 (1.645) 2 (12.50) 2
=
2
22
n = E
= 105.7
Sample 106

8.41

E = $100

Range = $2,500 - $600 = $1,900

1/4 Range = (.25)($1,900) = $475

90% Confidence

z.05 = 1.645

z 2 2 (1.645) 2 (475) 2
=
2
100 2
n = E
= 61.05
Sample 62

z.05 = 1.645

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 17

8.42 p = .20

q = .80

90% Confidence,

E = .02
z.05 = 1.645

z 2 p q (1.645) 2 (.20)(.80)
=
2
E
(.02) 2
n =
= 1082.41
Sample 1083

8.43 p = .50

q = .50

95% Confidence,

E = .05
z.025 = 1.96

z 2 p q (1.96) 2 (.50)(.50)
=
2
E
(.05) 2
n =
= 384.16
Sample 385

8.44 E = .10

p = .50

95% Confidence,

q = .50
z.025 = 1.96

z 2 p q (1.96) 2 (.50)(.50)
=
2
E
(.10) 2
n =
= 96.04
Sample 97

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 18

8.45 x = 45.6

= 7.75

80% confidence
xz

n = 35

z.10 = 1.28

7.75
= 45.6 1.28
n
35 = 45.6 + 1.677

43.923 < < 47.277

94% confidence
xz

z.03 = 1.88

7.75
= 45.6 1.88
n
35 = 45.6 + 2.463

43.137 < < 48.063

98% confidence
xz

z.01 = 2.33

7.75
= 45.6 2.33
n
35 = 45.6 + 3.052

42.548 < < 48.652

8.46

x = 12.03 (point estimate)

For 90% confidence:

xt

s
n

= 12.03 1.833

11.78 < < 12.28

s = .4373
/2 = .05

n = 10
t.05,9= 1.833

.4373
10

= 12.03 + .25

df = 9

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 19

/2 = .025

For 95% confidence:

s

xt

= 12.03 2.262

t.025,9 = 2.262

.4373
10 = 12.03 + .31

11.72 < < 12.34

/2 = .005

For 99% confidence:

s

xt

= 12.03 3.25

t.005,9 = 3.25

(.4373)
10
= 12.03 + .45

11.58 < < 12.48

8.47 a) n = 715
p =

x = 329

329
715 = .46

95% confidence
p z

z.025 = 1.96

p q
(.46)(.54)
= .46 1.96
n
715
= .46 + .0365

.4235 < p < .4965

b) n = 284

p z

p = .71

90% confidence

z.05 = 1.645

p q
(.71)(.29)
= .71 1.645
n
284
= .71 + .0443

.6657 < p < .7543

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 20

c) n = 1250

p z

p = .48

95% confidence

z.025 = 1.96

p q
(.48)(.52)
= .48 1.96
n
1250
= .48 + .0277

.4523 < p < .5077

d) n = 457
p =

x = 270

98% confidence

z.01 = 2.33

270
457 = .591

p z

p q
(.591)(.409)
= .591 2.33
n
457
= .591 + .0536

.5374 < p < .6446

8.48

n = 10

90% confidence,

s2 = 54.7667

s = 7.40045
/2 = .05

2.95,9 = 3.32511

df = 10 1 = 9

1 - /2 = .95
2.05,9 = 16.919

(10 1)(54.7667)
(10 1)(54.7667)
2
16.919
3.32511
< <
29.133 < 2 < 148.236
95% confidence,

/2 = .025

2.975,9 = 2.70039

1 - /2 = .975

2.025,9 = 19.0228

(10 1)(54.7667)
(10 1)(54.7667)
19.0228
2.70039
< 2 <
4.258 < 2 < 182.529

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 21

8.49 a) = 44

E=3

95% confidence

z 2 2 (1.96) 2 (44) 2
=
2
32
n = E
= 826.4
Sample 827
b) E = 2

Range = 88 - 20 = 68

use = 1/4(range) = (.25)(68) = 17

90% confidence

z.05 = 1.645

z 2 2 (1.645) 2 (17) 2
=
E2
22
= 195.5
Sample 196
c) E = .04

p = .50

98% confidence

q = .50
z.01 = 2.33

z 2 p q (2.33) 2 (.50)(.50)
=
E2
(.04) 2
= 848.3
Sample 849
d) E = .03

p = .70

95% confidence

q = .30
z.025 = 1.96

z 2 p q 4(1.96) 2 (.70)(.30)
=
E2
(.03) 2
= 896.4
Sample 897

z.025 = 1.96

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 22

8.50

x = 10.765

n = 17

/2 = .005

99% confidence
xt

s
n

S = 2.223

= 10.765 2.921

df = 17 - 1 = 16

t.005,16 = 2.921

2.223
17 = 10.765 + 1.575

9.19 < < 12.34

8.51

p=.40

E=.03

90% Confidence

z.05 = 1.645

z 2 p q (1.645) 2 (.40)(.60)
=
2
E
(.03) 2
n =
= 721.61
Sample 722

8.52

n = 17

s2 = 4.941

2.995,16 = 5.14224

99% C.I.

df = 17 1 = 16

2.005,16 = 34.2672

(17 1)(4.941)
(17 1)(4.941)
34.2672
5.14224
< 2 <

2.307 < 2 < 15.374

8.53 n = 45

x = 213

98% Confidence
xz

= 48
z.01 = 2.33

48
= 213 2.33
n
45 = 213 16.67

196.33 < < 229.67

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 23

x = 37.256

8.54 n = 39

90% confidence
xz

= 3.891

z.05 = 1.645

3.891
= 37.256 1.645
n
39 = 37.256 1.025

36.231 < < 38.281

8.55

=6

E=1

98% Confidence

z.98 = 2.33

z 2 2 (2.33) 2 (6) 2
=
2
12
n = E
= 195.44
Sample 196

8.56

n = 1,255
p =

x = 714

95% Confidence

z.025 = 1.96

714
1255 = .569

p z

p q
(.569)(.431)
= .569 1.96
n
1,255
= .569 .027

.542 < p < .596

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 24

8.57 n = 41

x = 128

s = 21

98% C.I.

df = 41 1 = 40

t.01,40 = 2.423
Point Estimate = $128
xt

s
n

= 128 2.423

21
25

= 128 + 7.947

120.053 < < 135.947

Interval Width = 135.947 120.053 = 15.894

8.58

x = 6.717

n = 60

98% Confidence
xz

= 3.06

N =300

z.01 = 2.33

N n
3.06 300 60
= 6.717 2.33
N 1
60 300 1

6.717 0.825 =
5.892 < < 7.542

8.59 E = $20

Range = $600 - $30 = $570

1/4 Range = (.25)($570) = $142.50

95% Confidence

z.025 = 1.96

z 2 2 (1.96) 2 (142.50) 2
=
2
20 2
n = E
= 195.02
Sample 196

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 25

8.60

n = 245
p =

x = 189

90% Confidence

z.05= 1.645

x 189
=
n 245 = .77

p q
(.77)(.23)
= .77 1.645
n
245
= .77 .044

p z

.726 < p < .814

8.61

n = 90
p =

x = 30

95% Confidence

z.025 = 1.96

x 30
=
n 90
= .33

p q
(.33)(.67)
= .33 1.96
n
90
= .33 .097

p z

.233 < p < .427

8.62

x = 43.7

n = 12

s2 = 228

df = 12 1 = 11

t.025,11 = 2.201
xt

s
n

= 43.7 2.201

228
12 = 43.7 + 9.59

34.11 < < 53.29

2.975,11 = 3.81575

2.025,11 = 21.92

(12 1)(228)
(12 1)(228)
21.92
3.81575
< 2 <

95% C.I.

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 26

114.42 < 2 < 657.28

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 27

8.63

x = 4.82

n = 27
95% CI:
s

xt

s = 0.37

df = 26

t.025,26 = 2.056
0.37

= 4.82 2.056

27 = 4.82 + .1464

4.6736 < < 4.9664

We are 95% confident that does not equal 4.50.

8.64

x = 2.48

n = 77

= 12

95% Confidence
xz

z.025 = 1.96

12
= 2.48 1.96
n
77

= 2.48 2.68

-0.20 < < 5.16

The point estimate is 2.48
The interval is inconclusive. It says that we are 95% confident that the average arrival
time is somewhere between .20 of a minute (12 seconds) early and 5.16 minutes late.
Since zero is in the interval, there is a possibility that on average the flights are on time.

8.65

p =.33

n = 560

99% Confidence

p z

z.005= 2.575

p q
(.33)(.67)
= .33 2.575
n
560
= .33 (2.575) = .33 .05

.28 < p < .38

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 28

8.66

p = .50

E = .05

98% Confidence

z.01 = 2.33

z 2 p q (2.33) 2 (.50)(.50)
=
E2
(.05) 2
= 542.89
Sample 543

8.67

x = 2.10

n = 27

98% confidence
s

xt

s = 0.86

/2 = .01

= 2.10 2.479

df = 27 - 1 = 26

t.01,26 = 2.479

0.86
27 = 2.10 (2.479) = 2.10 0.41

1.69 < < 2.51

8.68

n = 23

df = 23 1 = 22

2.95,22 = 12.338

s = .0631455

90% C.I.

2.05,22 = 33.9244

(23 1)(.0631455) 2
(23 1)(.0631455) 2
33.9244
12.338
< 2 <

.0026 < 2 < .0071

8.69

n = 39
xz

x = 1.294

= 0.205

99% Confidence

z.005 = 2.575

0.205
= 1.294 2.575
n
39 = 1.294 (2.575) = 1.294 .085

1.209 < < 1.379

Chapter 8: Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 29

8.70

The sample mean fill for the 58 cans is 11.9788 oz. with a standard deviation of
.0556 oz. The 99% confidence interval for the population fill is 11.9607 oz. to
11.9970 oz. which does not include 12 oz. We are 99% confident that the
population mean is not 12 oz. indicating an underfill from the machine.

8.71

The point estimate for the average length of burn of the new bulb is 2198.217
hours. Eighty-four bulbs were included in this study. A 90% confidence interval
can be constructed from the information given. The error of the confidence
interval is + 27.76691. Combining this with the point estimate yields the 90%
confidence interval of 2198.217 + 27.76691 = 2170.450 < < 2225.984.

8.72

The point estimate for the average age of a first time buyer is 27.63 years. The
sample of 21 buyers produces a standard deviation of 6.54 years. We are 98%
confident that the actual population mean age of a first-time home buyer is
between 24.02 years and 31.24 years.

8.73 A poll of 781 American workers was taken. Of these, 506 drive their cars to
work. Thus, the point estimate for the population proportion is 506/781 = .648. A 95%
confidence interval to estimate the population proportion shows that we are 95%
confident that the actual value lies between .613 and .681. The error of this interval is + .
034.