Electrical machines and Drives EG40FD
Tutorial 5 Synchronous machine analysis - Solutions
1) The model for permanent magnet machine
( ) | | ( )
fr m ys m sl r xs m sl s xs
i pL i L L i L L p R v + + + + = e
( ) | | ( ) | |
fr m xs m sl r ys m sl s ys
i L i L L i L L p R v + + + + + = e
Rotor voltage equations:
( ) | |
fr m fl fr xs m fr
i L L p R i pL v + + + =
Stator flux equations:
( )
( )
ys m sl ys
fr m xs m sl xs
i L L
i L i L L
+ =
+ + =
Rotor flux equations:
( )
fr m fl xs m fr
i L L i L + + =
In numerical values:
| |
fr ys xs xs
i p i i p v 2 . 1 86 . 378 206 . 1 007 . 0 + + =
| |
fr xs ys ys
i i i p v 2 . 1 86 . 378 206 . 1 007 . 0 + + + =
| |
fr xs fr
i p i p v 2 . 1 01 . 0 2 . 1 + + =
ys ys
fr xs xs
i
i i
206 . 1
2 . 1 206 . 1
=
+ =
fr xs fr
i i 2 . 1 2 . 1 + =
b), c)
0 Dr=x
Q
r
=
y
L
m
i
xs
m
L
l
s
i
s s
i
s
E
a
=
j
e
e
m
m
j
e
e
L
m
i
x
s
e
e
L
m
i
ys
j
e
e L
l
s i
s
Rs
i
s
v
s
o
j
L
m
i
y
s
r
i
y
s
i
xs
L
m
i
fr
i
fr
L
fl
i
fr
v
fr
2) The machine steady-state model is:
a)
Stator voltage:
( )
ys mq ls e xs s xs
i L L i R v + = e
( )
mm e xs md ls e ys s ys
i L L i R v + + + + = e e
Stator flux:
( )
mm xs md ls xs
i L L + + + =
( )
ys mq ls ys
i L L + =
Rotor flux:
mm xs md fr
i L + + =
Magnetising flux:
mm xs md xm
i L + =
ys mq ym
i L =
b)
0
Dr=x
Q
r
=
y
L
md
i
xs
m
L ls
i
s
s
i
s
E
a
=
j
e
e
m
m
j
e
e
L
m
d
i
x
s
e
e
L
mq
i
ys
j
e
e
L
l
s
i
s
R
s
i
s
v
s
o
j
L
m
q
i
y
s
mm
r
i
y
s
i
xs
u
3)
The apparent power is:
s sll
I V S 3 =
The current magnitude is: A e e V S I
sll s
6 . 5248 ) 3 2 . 13 3 /( 6 120 ) 3 /( = = =
The impedance angle:
o
87 . 36 ) 8 . 0 ( cos
1
= =
The current angle is (note that since we have a generator current is in the opposite quadrant)
o
87 . 216 180 = = |
The line to neutral voltage: V
V
V
sll
s
7621
3
2 . 13
3
= = =
The current phasor is: 87 . 216 6 . 5248 Z = Z = |
sm s
I I
The phasor diagram is shown below:
0
Dr=x
Q
r
=
y
i
xs
i
s
E
a
X
d
i
x
s
X
q
i
ys
v
s
o
i
y
s
i
fr
u
From the phasor diagram:
( )
( ) ) sin 1 ( ) 87 . 216 cos( )) 87 . 216 sin( ( sin
) 87 . 216 cos( cos )) 87 . 216 sin( ( sin
) 87 . 216 sin( sin ) 87 . 216 cos( cos sin
) cos( sin
) 2 / sin( sin
sin
2
2
2 2
o o
o o
o o o
o o
t o o
o
=
=
=
u + =
u + =
=
s q s q s
s q s q s
s q s
s q s
s q s
ys q s
I X I X V
I X I X V
I X V
I X V
I X V
I X V
y = o
2
sin
( ) | | ( )
0652 . 0
) 87 . 216 cos( ) 87 . 216 cos( )) 87 . 216 sin( (
2
2 2
2 2
=
= +
y
I X I X I X V y
s q s q s q s
o
79 . 14
) 0652 . 0 ( sin
1
=
=
o
o
From the phasor diagram:
V E
I X V E
a
s d s a
8592
) sin( cos
=
u + + = o o
b)
( )
y
X X
v
X
E
X X
v
X
E v P
X X
V
X
E V
P
d q
s
d
a
d q
s
d
a s
m
d q
s
d
a s
m
=
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
c
c
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
o
o o
o o
o
o o
cos
0 1 cos 2
1 1
cos
0 ) 2 cos(
1 1
cos
) 2 sin(
1 1
2
sin 3
2
2
2
0
1 1 1 1
2
2
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
d q
s
d
a
d q
s
X X
v y
X
E
y
X X
v
o
o
63 . 20
39 . 79
2
1
=
=
o
o
To give negative power:
o
39 . 79 = o
c)
0712 . 1
8 . 316
90 sin 3
4 . 339
) 4 . 79 2 sin(
1 1
2
4 . 79 sin 3
max
max
max
max
max
2
max
=
=
(
=
=
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
cil
cil
md
a s
cil
d q
s
md
a s
P
P
MW P
X
E V
P
MW P
X X
V
X
E V
P
Salient pole machine has 7.1% larger maximum power.
4)
a) The torque estimation is given by the following formula:
ys mm e
i
P
T
2
3 =
(VSI) SM
3-phase
AC supply
DQ-
ABC
xy-
DQ
V
ds
V
qs
v
As
v
Bs
v
Cs
T
ref
T
e
position
encoder
P/2
-
+
PI
-
Vdc
ABC
-DQ
i
Cs
i
Bs
i
As
i
Ds
i
Qs
PI
-
+
+
V
xs
V
ys i
ysref
i
ys
i
xs
i
xsref
PI
xy-
DQ
u
r
i
ys
i
xs
u
r
Te
Estimation
b) The principal advantage over speed control is in the case of controlling large inertia loads. The
torque control prevents torque and flux saturation during acceleration with large loads (as an
example heavy traction drives, tramways...).
