Objectives
After completing this unit, students should be able to: Identify the components of an AIX file system Add an enhanced journaled file system Change characteristics of a file system
Structure of a Journaled File System
Superblock inodes
Data Blocks
Indirect Blocks
Superblock File system size and identification Free list, fragment size, nbpi inodes File size, ownership, permissions, times Pointers to data blocks Blocks Data blocks - contain data Indirect blocks - contain pointers to data blocks
Structure of an Inode
permissions no. of links type of file user ID group ID file size address of blocks time modified time accessed time changed access control info. reserved other
Contents of an inode
inode for file1
This information can be seen with ls -l:
$ ls -li /home/team01
2132 2136 2141 drwxr - xr - x drwxr - xr - x -rw-r - - r - 2 2 1 team01 staff team01 staff team01 staff 512 512 28 May 2 14:33 c May 2 14:33 doc May 16 10:11 Manuals
File System Fragmentation
No Fragmentation File size = 2000 bytes 4096 bytes
2000 bytes
This free space cannot be used by another file.
Fragmentation Enabled File size = 2000 bytes Fragment size = 1024 bytes
4096 bytes
2000 bytes 1024 1024 1024 1024
These free fragments can be used by other files.
Variable Number of Inodes
With the default nbpi = 4096 an inode will be created for every 4096 bytes of file system.
File System
INODES 128 bytes 1 2
4096
4096
4096
Using the value nbpi = 1024 an inode will be created for every 1024 bytes of file system.
File System
INODES 128 bytes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4096
4096
4096
4 X 1024
Allocation Group Size
inodes
16 MB
disk blocks
Groupings of related inodes and disk blocks.
16 MB 16 MB
16 MB agsize
inodes
64 MB 64 MB 64 MB
disk blocks
Groupings of related inodes and disk blocks.
64 MB agsize
JFS vs. JFS2 File Systems
JFS Maximum File Size Architectural / Tested Maximum File System Size Architectural / Tested Inode size Number of inodes Fragments / Block Size Online defragmentation Available on Itanium Available on POWER 64 Gigabytes / 64 Gigabytes 1 Terabyte / 1 Terabyte 128 Bytes Fixed, set at creation 512 / 4096 Yes No Yes, default JFS2 4 Petabytes / 1 Terabyte 4 Petabytes / 1 Terabyte 512 Bytes Dynamic 512 / 4096 Yes Yes Yes
JFS2 uses extent based allocation for high performance and large file size.
File and File System Sizes
Maximum Individual File Size Limits AIX Version 4.1 (JFS) AIX Version 4.2 and later (JFS) AIX Version 5 (JFS2) JFS File System Limit Calculation
28
2 GB 64 GB 1 TB
Maximum file system size limit in bytes = fragment size * 2
or
Maximum file system size limit in bytes = nbpi * 2
24
Compressed File Systems
compression = LZ (yes) fragment size = 1024
4096
4096
4096
4096
Large File Enabled File Systems
File = 132 MB
(1024 * 4 KB blocks)+ (1024 * 128 KB blocks) = 132 MB 4 MB + 128 MB = 132 MB
1025 1026 1027
. . .
1 2 3 4
. . .
1 Block 4 KB
1055 1056
32 Blocks 128 KB
File 132 MB
1023 1024
128 KB
1057 1058 1059
. . .
32 Blocks 128 KB
Activity: Inodes and NBPI
Activity: Inodes and NBPI
Journal Log
1
Write data
fsync ( )
3
1) inode changes to log 2) COMMIT to log 3) update inode 4) sync log
inodes
data block
JFSLOG
No journaling of data blocks - only journals inode information (and indirect block information.)
File Systems
# smit fs File Systems
Move cursor to desired item and press Enter List All File Systems List All Mounted File Systems Add/Change/Show/Delete File Systems Mount a File System Mount a Group of File Systems Unmount a File System Unmount a Group of File Systems Verify a File System Backup a File System Restore a File System List Contents of a Backup
Listing File Systems
# lsfs
Name Nodename Mount Pt __ __ __ __ __ __ __ sys4 / /home /usr /var /tmp /proc /opt /reports VFS jfs jfs2 jfs jfs jfs procfs jfs nfs Size 16384 90112 1277952 8192 24576 __ __ Options Auto
/dev/hd4 /dev/hd1 /dev/hd2 /dev/hd9var /dev/hd3 /proc /dev/hd10opt /budget
__ yes __ yes __ yes __ yes __ yes ro yes __ yes bg,hard,intr
List All Mounted File Systems
# mount
node mounted /dev/hd4 /dev/hd2 /dev/hd9var /dev/hd3 /dev/hd1 sys4 /budget mounted over vfs / /usr /var /tmp /home /reports jfs jfs jfs jfs jfs2 nfs date Jul 11 20:14 Jul 11 20:15 Jul 11 20:15 Jul 11 20:15 Jul 11 20:16 Jul 11 20:16 options rw,log=/dev/hd8 rw,log=/dev/hd8 rw,log=/dev/hd8 rw,log=/dev/hd8 rw,log=/dev/lv02 rw,hard,bg,intr
Working with Journaled File Systems in SMIT
Journaled File Systems
Move cursor to desired item and press Enter. Add a Journaled File System Add a Journaled File System on a Previously Defined Logical Volume Change / Show Characteristics of a Journaled File System Remove a Journaled File System Defragment a Journaled File System
Add a Journaled File System on a Previously Defined Logical Volume Move cursor to desired item and press Enter. Add a Standard Journaled File System Add a Compressed Journaled File System Add a Large File Enabled Journaled File System
Add a Standard Journaled File System on a Previously Defined Logical Volume
Add a Standard Journaled File System Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes. [Entry Fields] * LOGICAL VOLUME name * MOUNT POINT Mount AUTOMATICALLY at system restart? PERMISSIONS Mount OPTIONS Start Disk Accounting ? Fragment Size (bytes) Number of bytes per inode Allocation Group Size (MBytes) + [] no read/write [] no 4096 4096 8 + + + + + + +
F1=Help F5=Reset F9=Shell
F2=Refresh F6=Command F10=Exit
F3=Cancel F7=Edit Enter=Do
F4=List F8=Image
Add a Standard Journaled File System
Add a Standard Journaled File System Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes. Volume group name * SIZE of file system (in 512-byte blocks) * MOUNT POINT Mount AUTOMATICALLY at system restart? PERMISSIONS Mount OPTIONS Start Disk Accounting ? Fragment Size (bytes) Number of bytes per inode Allocation Group Size (MBytes) [Entry Fields] rootvg [] [] no read/write [] no 4096 4096 8 + # + + + + + + +
F1=Help F5=Reset F9=Shell
F2=Refresh F6=Command F10=Exit
F3=Cancel F7=Edit Enter=Do
F4=List F8=Image
Add a JFS2 File System on a Previously Defined Logical Volume
Add an Enhanced Journaled File System Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes. [Entry Fields] * LOGICAL VOLUME name * MOUNT POINT Mount AUTOMATICALLY at system restart? PERMISSIONS Mount OPTIONS Block size (bytes) Inline Log? Inline Log size (MBytes) F1=Help F5=Reset F9=Shell F2=Refresh F6=Command F10=Exit F3=Cancel F7=Edit Enter=Do + [] no read/write [] 4096 no [] F4=List F8=Image + + + + + #
Add an Enhanced Journaled File System
Add an Enhanced Journaled File System Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes. Volume group name * SIZE of file system (in 512-byte blocks) * MOUNT POINT Mount AUTOMATICALLY at system restart? PERMISSIONS Mount OPTIONS Block size (bytes) Inline Log? Inline Log size (MBytes) [Entry Fields] rootvg [] [] no read/write [] 4096 no [] + # + + + + + #
F1=Help F5=Reset F9=Shell
F2=Refresh F6=Command F10=Exit
F3=Cancel F7=Edit Enter=Do
F4=List F8=Image
Mount a File System
Mount a File System Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes. [Entry Fields] FILE SYSTEM name DIRECTORY over which to mount TYPE of file system FORCE the mount? REMOTE NODE containing the file system to mount Mount as a REMOVABLE file system? Mount as a READ-ONLY system? Disallow DEVICE access via this mount? Disallow execution of SUID and sgid programs in this file system? [] [] no [] no no no no + + + +
+ + + +
Change/Show Characteristics of a Journaled File System
Change/Show Characteristics of a Journaled File System Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes. [Entry Fields] File system name /var NEW mount point [/var] SIZE of file system (in 512-byte blocks) [8192] Mount GROUP [] Mount AUTOMATICALLY at system restart ? yes PERMISSIONS read/write MOUNT OPTIONS [] Start Disk Accounting ? no Fragment Size (bytes) 512 Number of bytes per inode 4096 Compression algorithm no Large File Enabled false Allocation Group Size (MBytes) 4
+ + + +
Change/Show Characteristics of an Enhanced Journaled File System
Change/Show Characteristics of an Enhanced Journaled File System Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes. [Entry Fields] File system name /home NEW mount point [/home] SIZE of file system (in 512-byte blocks) [32768] Mount GROUP [] Mount AUTOMATICALLY at system restart ? yes PERMISSIONS read/write MOUNT OPTIONS [] Block size (bytes) 4096 Inline Log? no Inline Log size (MBytes) []
+ + + + + #
Remove a Journaled File System
Remove a Journaled File System Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes. [Entry Fields] FILE SYSTEM name Remove mount point no + +
System Storage Review
Logical Volume Structure
hd2 hd4 hd6 hd8 /usr /(root) Page Space hd2 log hd5 free /blv hd61 hd9var hd2 hd3 free /usr /tmp /usr Page Space /var lv00 lv00 hd1 hd1 free /home /home free special DB special DB lv00 lv00 hd1 hd1 free /home /home free special DB special DB
hdisk0 rootvg
File Systems
hdisk1
hdisk2 uservg
/(root) File System
hdisk3
Directories
File Systems
/bin
/dev
/etc
/lib
/usr
/tmp
/var
/home
Exercise: Working with File Systems
Exercise: Working with File Systems
Checkpoint
1. Will the size of the file system change when the size of the logical volume it is on is increased? ___________________________________________________ 2. If a file system is the same size as the logical volume on which it sits, will the size of the logical volume increase when the size of the file system that is sitting on it increases? ___________________________________________________ 3. If you remove a logical volume, will the file system that is sitting on it be removed as well? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________
Unit Summary
The components of an AIX file system are the superblock, inodes, data blocks and indirect blocks Important issues to consider when creating a journaled file system are: fragment size, NBPI, allocation group size, compression and whether it should be large file enabled JFS2 supports large files, large file systems, and improves performance File systems can be added and removed from the system, and their characteristics can also be changed, all through SMIT
