Sustainable Ship Operation The Potential for Energy
Bud Streeter Marine Manager USA
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Objectives
1. Provide an appreciation pp of how the shipping pp g industry, y, in terms of energy provision, can move towards a more sustainable future 2. Provide an overview of what Lloyds Register is doing to facilitate such a move towards a more sustainable future
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Sustainable shipping and sustainable energy
Moving towards a sustainable future Sustainability means different things to different people According to Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEP), sustainable energy has two key components energy efficiency renewable energy
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Sustainable shipping and sustainable energy
In the longer term high speed, ultra efficient ships powered by revolutionary sources of energy may make the provision of shipboard energy genuinely sustainable
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Sustainable shipping and sustainable energy
In the near term however we need to be realistic about what is achievable With respect to the provision of shipboard energy, near term sustainability is primarily about achieving two objectives objectives dramatically reducing fossil fuel oil consumption dramatically reducing airborne emissions, particularly CO2
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Sustainable shipping and sustainable energy
What is increasingly acknowledged however is that significant reductions in both fuel oil consumption and CO2 emissions can be achieved using a number of current or relatively near term operational and technical measures Such measures are focused on g energy gy demand reducing using alternative sources of energy
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Reducing energy demand - Operational measures
Figures suggest significant reductions in energy demand are possible through a range of operation measures including voyage management (speed reduction, scheduling) passage planning (weather, currents) hull, propeller & rudder management g & machinery y management g engine trim & ballasting
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Reducing energy demand - Technical measures
Figures suggest equally significant reductions in energy demand are possible through a range of existing technical measures relating to the ships structure including hull form hull coating hull lubrication lightweight material bulbous bow stern t flap fl
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Reducing energy demand - Technical measures
And through a range of existing technical measures relating to the ships engineering systems including
electric propulsion p gp propulsion p motors advanced and superconducting variable speed drives waste heat recovery propeller design
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Alternative sources of energy
Significantly reducing the enormous energy demand associated with modern ship operation means that alternative and renewable energy sources can begin to make a meaningful contribution. Such sources include gas-fuelled engines on-shore power supplies wind i d engines, i sails il and d kit kites bio-fuelled engines photovoltaic arrays nuclear reactors fuel f l cell ll generators t
The installation of such technologies onboard ships may require Rules and standards to facilitate their introduction
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Gas-fuelled engines
Potential for significant reduction in emissions marine fuel oils compared to
30% lower CO2 (low Carbon fuel) 85% lower NOx (high air/fuel ratio), very low SOx and PM However limited availability and even less as liquid (LNG) Storage volume even for LNG up p to 4 x g greater than for MDO Lloyds Registers Provisional Rules for Methane Gas Fuelled Ships for all types of gas-fuelled gas fuelled machinery including single and dual fuel engines, gas turbines and boilers already published Lloyd s Register is contributing to the development of the IMO IGF Lloyds Code
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Onshore power supplies
Elimination of all shipboard emissions berthed using shore power Maximum benefit where shore power provided from local renewable source such h as wind i dt turbines bi Lloyds Registers Rules for On-Shore P Power Supplies S li already published Lloyds Ll d R Register i t i is contributing to the development of ISO/IEC standard
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
while
Wind engines, sails and kites
Conversion of renewable energy directly thrust with corresponding reduction consumption CO2 consumption, CO2, NOx NOx, SOx & PM No doubt that sails, kites and wind engines have the potential for big reductions. But how practical with regard to modern ship operation Lloyds Register engaged with in wind engine demonstration project to examine the risks and, if necessary, publish guidance and/or Rules
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
into in fuel oil
industry
Bio-fuelled engines
Second and third generation bio-fuels offer potential for carbon neutral shipping the
Ethical issues aside, the use of bio-fuels introduces a number of technical issues which need to be addressed including fouling fouling, corrosion and long term stability y Register g engaged g g with industry y Lloyds in bio-fuel demonstration project to fully understand the risks and and, if necessary necessary, publish guidance and/or Rules
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Photovoltaic arrays
Conversion of renewable energy using established technology Reductions in both fuel consumption and emissions according to ship type corresponding to available surface area Wide design potential with rigid and li ht i ht fl lightweight flexible ibl t technologies h l i Lloyds Register engaged in technical studies looking at range of solar generation technologies and their application pp to ship p types yp
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Nuclear reactors
While not a truly sustainable solution, nuclear fission offers the potential to eliminate all harmful emissions, emissions including CO2 CO2, using proven technology Lloyd s Registers Lloyds Register s Rules for nuclear first published in 1966 Lloyd s Register engaged Lloyds with industry in near and long term application and design studies ships
conceptual
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Fuel cell generators
Exhibit properties of batteries and generators. Flexible and potentially have a low capital cost. Potentially very efficient and benign
residential heat and power transportation power portable power
Industrial heat and power
watts kilowatts..Megawatts
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Fuel cell generators
Not heat engines many types classed by electrolyte or operating temperatures (70 DegC to +1000 DegC) Lower temp tend to be hydrogen fuelled and higher temp generally natural gas fuelled fuelled.
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Fuel cell generators
Key issues for marine applications Fuel storage and availability Footprint Footprint Ships lifecycle costs Sensitivity/reliability Safety
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Fuel cell generators
Must use a risk-based approach in the absence of data and operational experience. experience
Unconventional technologies - Rules
Research & development
Unconventional technologies - Guidance for fuel cell installations Fuel cell installations - Rules
In service feedback
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Near term sustainability
100%
Savings g from optimisation p for reduced service speed
Savings from use of renewable energy
0%
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Conclusion
Sustainable ship operation within 30 years is feasible without the need for a breakthrough in technology However, in order to achieve sustainability ships and shipping fleets will need to be optimised for efficiency rather than speed Designing ships for optimum efficiency could reduce energy demand by up to 80% making renewable energy and sustainable fuels a viable alternative to fossil fuels Ships could be operated at optimum efficiency if the imperative for sustainable shipping is recognised by all stakeholders in the industry y
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
Thank you for your attention
Bud Streeter Marine Manager USA Telephone: +1 954 903 9014 Email: bud.streeter@lr.org
The Lloyds Register Group works to enhance safety and approve assets and systems at sea, on land and in the air because life matters.
Services are provided by members of the Lloyds Lloyd s Register Group Lloyds Lloyd s Register, Lloyds Register EMEA and Lloyds Register Asia are exempt charities under the UK Charities Act 1993.
Marine Transportation of Energy Mare Forum 2010
