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Sap BW Notes

SAP BW Notes
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2K views584 pages

Sap BW Notes

SAP BW Notes
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Name: SAP BW 3.5 BY R.R.Rao PRAVEEN ENTERPRIZES XEROX Siri Towers, Ground Floor, Beside Blue Fox Lane, Amecrpet, Co:9959174570 Pata: All the yeu real fact and Figures constitute the DATA ened data fs called INFORMATION The ce tedsoyg or metroctologs Used to procem the data Ja called INFORMATION TECHNOLOGy The diljerent Thfevmection ‘Technologies ove — ERPs — Neb Technologies — GIs — Auto CAD Technologies ~ Big Range (Haiafimmes) and Midelle Range Machines Gey = Programming, Technclogien Pos} = . | Systems ; “Bone resources for implementing projec ! Fepplicariers_(ot Dep) A set of Aegicaly veloted business transactions. Products (wot Bek) cellegyion of objects. Technical ‘Soeetfieations Techical Specifications Indtcake the. rable, variable etiney Function modules, on menus, barsaction Coder, ete . = aa Aenp/h technical comarants, wore. fogieal Hank as 7 aentte Contaltants, nore. domain kros repired ~For BASIS consultonis, move Sqtiem Tonle (i u,04,38) 4 veypired , BW A Dae tare se” Solution Douekoped by SAP-AGLBED Ae WALDORF, Geamany “in the yee 199¢ (November) i ee Markel cine [27 Jesoft : Pre) HEAD High 19 oracle haley tetegeted € BAAN Tig 4 dstegred ERP ; fidll ERP solution. | = & (xtration) : SAP BW SS M (Modeling R CRepovting) SAP : Pfs ™> Z APO . la sat Soue 2 He ‘Dik bs Bw R : vw A sae nenuly 2o Suites cAM np SAP SRM sen Gupplier Reladronshsp, ue : a a rl SAP Bu: Mother of All . . Business Reporting Sterns. Rich BUSINGSS CONTENT (Pre etna Objects, Customization, eo cre! The_Goal of SAP- BW “he major goal of Sap-u d DoH Dolusen. of SAP-Bw k to offer a complete end-to-end g Notes BLY i a New -technoloay toorking coi Note th f. a Data Warehouse: a "d an old concept: of Dw Concepts 1. Definition 2- Functions 3. Tevminollogy 2) oLtP Boar ©) pate. Moxt : Sy Types of Data Marts €) Dato. Marti . f) Dato, Minis Ay ERM (Ens Pe kitionskip Modeling) 5. MDM (Mult Dimencion Moclafing) ~ Extended Star-schema G. DWH Architecture CLayerwise) J. Bl) Architecture (Service wise) - BW Architecture (Objecuise) ePoxttL Q. Bul Architecture (Tntegared) Books for SAP- BY. : J. W) Tnfermation Warehoune for SAP by NAceEM HASHIM > Best Book “Prima, Tech., USA Vers 2-08 3% ” Price: |g0¥/— (Boor) [e0/—Gerx) 2. Mastering SAP- BH! f @ mefDorald = Good : WH Damon Be i Iriteg, Publicetions o . Nev: 3,0 . Expecting, 18 Prick zs]- 3. SAP- BW Certification beg Roze tale Publications Gem ver 2-08) 2-16 40 tay 3-0 Peas 22rsf— by. SRP-BUd Profemionah + — Not — GS. SAP-BA Step By S - fo and 4. “at Dasttate ver 216 3.0 6 RAs Busines Aceaune Content! 2ho)- (xen) +. RAO Busner a2 (00) (xem) g. Documentation CDR — 2 Nob. Trstitare. gq. SIEMENS Havd Cpe TBW io — Modeling Tees 20 — Repating Fov TT = Books Coif peation Good ond Need Bg pew so Sgt Teairacton. pare Th Websites for Reforri y. Wee help- Sapo Q- Sapfans com z sop qove om A. sane SAP com 5. service SAPO (needs O58 jesourt) 6 TI TaahBox.com —onhine $4 sort System A\ccoun’” 1. anki com he Jebsdo com 3. observer co he wee" &. monster. com ao Jobsahesd.com fart TL System Reqirementt, 1. BY BS 1 @ Aan [60 G& HOD peas: 2-6 48g" 2. BY 3-OB sie Me RAM 40 Gb HDD pe re gia Eq. Precemor or Ey. Procener. 3 BLT BRAM Fone WDD 4 sags cagaele, SDIMM, siz ne. ne go @@ HD ssh? saps too ah 416 Con Segle Syn) sm. lor 2 Ge RAM 250 6% HPD Pore ae Nekes_ (rust) . Tab? Pave Hee te qr o But pay 2b . oe eal jo 2 hee previa (uithouk Seeing notes) gia ah. ‘reading. with SINCERITY AND SERIOUSNESS Onky. Bw Tob 1007, quarentaed Bisco, PD) - jot ort . thy, Hillam Henry Srinon 24 Knaon oo The foster of DUH. : He defined the DWH oF & Bubjeck—oviented , integrated, pon-velatide ond tme-vertank collection of date 21 Suppd of decision making. Subjece-ovienked : Pata fn the DOH 3 orgoniged around a major business process Cllamteal exes ples include object Apecifie. aneliis of dota ey 7 7 Customers, Soler, Deliveriea, Shipments, Services, ee, one subjects gf SD Application SD (Applestion) < Customers a ny & Polamion Shipments Seavice? Bubjede SSO Applicaton : cate: Dada from different Mabjeck creme cam be vestonabiged — | - each other. custmen — Saher. “re : : i ara in the Dwh de rok updatable . pnce & rewrd 16 properly placed An he DWH, Gk ds not bobjeck to. charge. - Dato. in the Du 4 Apecific to a moment of time : tlen- alate: »D ie, Timed Vorant: 4 je, Com record maiwaing its oun Hime btomp. ‘ Ley DiwH wee historical dat, ot ‘ecr-oriented date ustich a. Jef: the place where Gor inkegrate : cannce he changed which belongs to o vormesnic'oft time(historied Jota) and tshich iaps you to take decisions a the organizations ix - called & Dato, Wanehouse DWH, a 6 Doka: ~pllthe veal : Mite veal vow fats and Figures one ened Date - Thfoymation: “Tha proceved data ls called Zn formation. Trfrmation Technology (ZT): he teshnology or methadology ured to pro » called Shion Technolog (Z1)- freer Wea daca Hote: Barically, thar at too types of data tn a 4 poroetice- 1) Santen dere % & Aendasd bases 2) Toamestion Data |. Matter, Data: Te ts the dota yshich is not Going to chauge fh and maintains uniqueness (ne uplicotes) mm e My veo life entities Zuch or Customess, Vendds, Matenieds Te represents alll plants , ete, 2. Tranaachion Data: De is the doin ushich ts quing to eve facyestly » allows duplication, maintains forer ke ae wad to the maxtor dota) - rd ¢ ce C4, Soles Framaction Dolan Bank Transaction Dato. ATH Tramattion Dako. é-Seva Desa Rerenvation Sisters Data Configuration Date: Tle dodves the ERP application Lose. Tk is the. data which 44 ured to ctuntomize the applications (sp, Ho, PP, Euless Hig) ov te tuntomize. the Systems, printers, qretuarks, ete This 14 Tek busines cote. note: Data con be fisther clamified into 3 types with vespeck to time These ave |) Historical Doda ov Pest Data . | 2) exual Dake ov Present Dat Phypical Dota 3) planned Dake oF Forecoated Dotp. or Virtual Data. Functions of DuH : Folloury one te 3 key -functiom of ) medal ang Dstt (ogy Sae-ois) 2) Extrasion CETL — Extraction, Tronsfovination, Loading) ~ » Reporting. (Daformadton prenentetion) os Gor gat SS1 , Beas) ree, SS - Sefer Extraction is Regular (Doi ) AcHivity . : ty uplation | Note: Modeling is one-time activity: Hoje: Tenminologys: Reporting ds one-time. activity wilh nology. dnd sing He users! prabibran Crcneds >) i 6 OTP OLar : { Sabine Tranaction Procering) Online Prabrgical 7 a Sn son EE (ogre Festi P| “SAP-AY3 (AGAN SD, 1H, 7H EKO.) 1 Stepp 60) > os SAP-CRM [LI] -Bhewatiot Fras t oe Data) Preront Dara. ~[iievteal Dode/Pone Data, ‘ 2 dled Dato 2.. Summarized or Aggro 3. Supports DML Spercctiowy cosas oly Re soe TP pace. Haipeation (oegsie) f EAD operation je MEcppeies REAP sreh WRITE opesioy (ey ont Rerviewal. 4 pole popillews ERM medeling 4 Fallout MDM rcdebivg, | [- Star= Schema i a us 2 erlended Siav-cchere es Grd Ur) Any, ie 5-Onky xeautiyfop val Onen e: (Deeixion Makers), : 6. Allow’ huge wernber of Coneunient users] 6, Alors dean He 4 . Allows Deas Humbe: a. Deads with ess volume of data. | 7. Decks sith huge we ge — ® Kase" Dato Mavt- (DM) + DM i a Small Deol pectic to a clomain ar domains . Con A pie(T) slice fa contral/Corporate DH is also called DM. : (@n Te 4 a. Stand-alone small Diol, Mpesife to an area of business interese, WS J2— Data mart (DM). (Cit Hice) hey A Daim mart (Di) is a port of the tantral ob CApdiate DUH. Types of Data Marts (DM): 2 Tgp — 1) Dependent Dota Mare 2) Trdependent Data Mart 1. Dependent Di: “hese ave the extracted views of Conbral ch conpéiate Dil nee EHS. — In this cone, the Gontral/Corporate Dist Fiensqction — Prvides dain to the Data Marts (D4) Databases — The date in the dependent data is | = (Te) qualified because: théte ane Confined ils) I: “aq” to the central /corporate DlH data Atantards i ce . 2. Drdependant DM : These con be buile clveethy” agatnet tha ronaaslion’*! plete 75) IT Ty ts core, Dore mares (Dm) provide data to the Cental or Grporale DWH 4h independent date mars ia wot qpolified because there | _ na dota ins ae not confined to the cantzel dt corporate, DSH _Srdependert Dato. Marts con be implemented /ap deployed quickly. =: wa SAP-—Bisy the Dependent Data Mextt avchicestuve 14 called Replltcatton : Ardseecke , gh sap—ta, the. Badependent Data Marts architecture 4 eslled Magregetion. Pyrchi teckure- : - Porch eee . pote Harting # a “The preter Of prepaving managing ond Securing Poke Merting- . ne. process of Dake. Mindy “The proces of data marts 44 eolled alto called ak Marting- _ dato mark a iw ealled @) . adranintening, data marth Is "eda Hak Agi 7 > precem by efvniating, Yuore fois Coherever Enkiiy Relations ip Modeling. (ERM): 4. Entity: All veal life obeots uch j 4 : ae (called engities) aro mmapped to be ele rer, plone — Gro onity maintains 6 own aitributer : Name Age Addie > ail Ait butes Table: A table i a structure consisting of a deb of vous and column. — The Antersection of vows and Colum, constitute the calls. The oftribute in the table cell is called Field —The Sespance of the fields Sn the table is cabled Header of the table or Stuckure of the vecord Ger fis maintain, Field value(s) or (eld content — The Sequence of-the field volver or field curente 44 called a Record — Root habd) Records ond — Fiedler hold Cells (Fist 5) Feld eontent or Field vale — The collection of veterds Gras) dn a table i called Bods Of the table. eader tue Table: customer” Bere Name [Age [Adve [Penk [enaille— Header ot the table Seema | U8 | Hyd | xx [~~ Strutture Sbthe Yecord. Ravi [ta | Tye | RRR Rowe | 20 | Vi2eg | xX Bopy Fivon | 2 | Vinay) Xxx . [ts [Sai a] kun Record . fey CE] Raju | 22 lf ace | ==] J Goel DB Table. u ied Valu = The pcm of cresting Aer the dababre trmph businentroicction | jnveluen LWRITE operation { = LARITE operation 2s & Prperty [of DMLDats Manipulation Language) | DML is supported by OLTP (online Tensaction Precorsieg) Systeme. ‘ — Select * FRom CusTOMER ral Ls All vecords, All fields TE Name. SELECT % FROM eusToMER SELECT 9K FRoW Cusroneg WHERE Age ="20 5 WHERE CIp=cz; Copisplloys 2 records . € ciw=cs ; Headey i Boa yd Lhe precen of presenting the information hy eXenuting the 1 called. Reporting, 3 / 4 ma th Gpowe | — Geng Query gree 4 "Select? Statement — elec? 44 on operation to yead the datnbooe ‘Select = Reading (READ) 1 the. Property, of OLAP Sqptems — Grong Menten, Dato fable ual maintain & Primary Key. Tiss obso “relied He uniqpe Tdaxsifier £0 wraintain the uniquenels in the databace. - According es copp vule, the» CHAR: yt t yar . one . | Th the dota in table changes -fieruent! and maintains dupbrcabe yecords, than fe is called a Transaction Data Tuble.. : —Grevy Tansaction Dota Table must woanknin @ reference to the Meater_Doka Table te, Foreign key —t aukooation ship hefucen ‘oo ov more rablles of extitios — Reellationshags will be extablished by mmbing joing. These: jetve wy be — Tnney Jaw — Outer Joins ~setf = Nen- Equi Join = Feiner ws be estabiished by wamg. Primary Keys and Faves — Bamncally, there ore 3 TYP of relation ships om | - One-te-one { 2= One- to-mang 1 . 3 = Hony-to-Many bu RDBMS (Relational Datsbare Manos tems) does’ nok Bupport: Mang 4o- i prelakionships cvetly. De com be broken Ando Boe One-forMery Bt Hity-to-One- : i Modeling: kis th og o “the dads. - is the process of dentgrang tthe dédebase to Store — The design of the dasabare includes the preparation of DB Schema — DB_Schema: The vepresentation of dotubue tables : ic 28-schate: Te we and their velactionshipg pote. — ERM (Entity Relations Modeling) is wed te c the Database or Dota Repetity in tha OLTP sypieng, — Mpm (Multi -Dimension Modlefing) : ~ _ gtay-Schema: In MDM, all veal Life objects Auch 4 Cibtomesrs Vendors, mateniol, plants, eb, are Tepped to Dimensions. , A dimension 46 on ongle of viewing rebagig) the date ine, evabrath the company performance with Tespact te plants, ynaterichy, sabes, ete. 4 “iy MDM, Altvibutes ave divided inte 2 types. Thue are oa \) Operational Attributes 2) Deteviptive Attributes. 1+ Qperationol attributes ( nic Hows snuch, Hoes mang Scencvias) = These indicake the numerical meanures Buch aa Cxmount velated gesty elazed, volume velated, weight related ete, a of entities. , These Gre also called Facts or Key Figures or Meaney Egy Sold yomtity, Rejeated qpontity,, Stock, Sales, Profits Tax, Discoumts Nok Wei , Grath Leight, Total volume, eke. 7 2. Deseriptive Attributes (Represent Wohe, Whos; hen, where Scenariaa); “These ave Uaed to describe the entities Such as Customers, Vendors materials, planes, e4c-These, ave, also called Charactertatics. G9, Customen Name, Addvors, Phone Number, Age, Color, eke. Moteniall Description, Credle, Tyre, Brand, Dotfjy ete: i ~MDM utes Star-Schena to ovganige/represent the operational atribittey and the descriptive odtribuies: _ The. collection of facts ‘or menoures ov key Pgures is called a fast-Table « —The collection Stoy-Schema: =p fast Table in the Cenler Surrounded by Several cimenci yesembles (seems to be Gy) Appears fe be) a Stay and een shes Achema ia Called Star- Schema . The of charackeristics 14 called & Dimension Table STAR SCHEMA custoynex Dimension Fact TABLE exp (eK) vip (Fk) PID (FK) MED (Fx) “The inode based on the Stov-Schema 2 called Cube ~ Th a Starschema model, the fee fable 24 Wruallly very Lavge. This meow Frat Fact Table. maintain millions to billows of vecorely "Gupleate vce ll, — on tha other hard, dimension tables ave Upuallyy Small: Thats meawro thet ~ Pinasnaton Tables contain @ few theusanch to foro willton vecowds ne duplicate Ty a SiSchoma medal, he Fark Table contater Tremnaction Data, ancl ae Dimentign Table conterra Menten Dodo, Dow A “Y . pirabukes ipht fi horankeristice- key Bpre on (Foss Tah) (ojmension Tables 85 (Stav-Schema) ube. SAP-RIS Architecture Panty w ™y message, Service [Disrarcner} Gareuny sence wore - _ PROCESSES Application Ties/sonves. Sai fiy}¢2 2ise rt |. Presentation. Tier/ SAP GUE: it is an interface between the User and the Appltcation Seowen. The SAP. GUI interacts with an Application Seaver Using. an SAP presentation Protocel, where genenic GUT descriptions, instead of prepared images (screen images) are exchanged. This interface vesults unc compact. dakt Atresm , contig of 1 to 2 KB- This 14 alto called SAP Front Encl. ication Senses, ‘Application Tien: SAP Applications ane taratten in’ ABAD/q Tonquane (Advanced Businem Application mening Language). ABAP Preprame ode pte Jogic for each Acreon are prec Ankerpretativelk te Ra dentine ‘emivonment. The ABAP runtime environment is written id C/C++. i Database Tea: A Remote SQL protocol wed fv data traufer, changeste by ach ane Lowead transmitted fnmediately to the daibase ard Mead Ser Arort time intenvala by & mesbage envice to all othen application senveny. Digpstcher: Tks an agent or an anterwmdiatony, bekwoen the client requests or “User reapests and the “bork pce seo poet = Based on the priovty (FIFO/LIFe) on on the type af the 6a took, process, dll velcaigned. Once the request is oe ‘he nopenes ae delivered to the paren client Junen- ork Procemen: Te if a Logical unit of work. Tk processes the reapests aut “he disgaichen and jSends srespome to the Aispettchen. Thene aS ‘Abe eet & w work Precemes- y ‘DIA — DIALoguE ~ Boch’ werk Process (up) 2) UPD ~ Syndvonous Update WP har 4 statuses 3) UP2— Asynchvonous Update WIP _ D RON _ A) SPO — Spook Loek Process ( Print) 2OAarr S) ENG — Enqneue’ Lap (Leck obj) stor Q)8GD— Background List. ENDED Bade mhessage, Service : “The message. Sowice OF Message Handle Coordinates the intemal, medage exchange between bork procenes ain the Aounte aapebicakion, Beaver ral pekooon digpatchers of different caplicaton bowen serra Rtws oad balancing mong different application Zeavens isters ‘ wer su SAP-BW- raewey souice: Tas 4 Ure Far JCPE-CS Garnreon Progromining Bntorface — Commntans coor | ge bs wed for the cachany of dango amounts of data bersean agptication Servers af the dams SAP oF different SAP suyftems , and | pehaeen SAP eyes and nom-SAP Eyireme: | “gn gis Bex (Banner Explorer) Communicates with an cxpplitcation serves. |! using Ake Garena Genvice- | Note: GW system has ome and only ove Gatesaag. Service: — on cna of Bain Fetes yobs So “dyovk_Procenteh constituke a Kerns He SAP BW Application Seaver. = SOL=> Toberbace etscen Dotabave and Application Seaver PS re Comiists of 3 components: — DPL + Data Definition Lexguaga. — DHL: Dada Manipulation Language ~ Det: Data Gontsol Languege- 7 1 Tnebudes the following opermtion = Create - | — Akter | - Drop : i Drit: —Invere 4 — Lpdate 4 — Delete a pot: Grant, Reveke, Rollback, Commit, Savepsint. qupes_of SOL: Basically, there oe -? tapes of Sat _ 1) Native SQL 2) open S| a . Noive Sal: ABAP Popa te in Native SQL Gre not bbe i sive $9 e porte ! covees_diklerent dasebats options. 2 _ ladive SAL Aurpe es the velational join operation, bux DBMS 8 veyimot ecogyage an VIF in Native SQL until Runtime- Open SQL: “The ABAP written th Oy 5 Sijows tone lng” “™H" ® 9% 586 0 rab soma — Open SQL does not Support relational joi D Oren Sar doe ee join operadtion. Tastead, we cary =Thé database interface check, ard Converts Open S@i. statements nto s ; Wofive SQL Statement, ard alto detects Sertoa evrora before Crtuntiine - Ley Every database Maintains ard Supports 4 own Sal called Native SQL Tha Open SAL Stotements will be converted info Native SQL by the Daves. Scalability —Tt ts the Propertionality between database ystems amd application serves 8 Apphcedion Senveas “vs sent (Client Systems) or SAP Gur. ~ie, One derabare can duppore move than one applreation Seaver ond one application Aeaven can Aerve more Han ona Uden system /ebtenk agstein, Landscape CHows effectively te Sytem is maintuned 2) Development —> Testing. —> Conralledotect ‘eating > Pre-production —> Production Gov) Development —>Terting —> Production. = Ge Lncuudes the arrangement «f Development, Testing, pre-production QL Production Systems. Sandbox System: TA yee ostrich is ron Landscape, ued fer Practicing , elf texts demontintion Purposes. ‘0 Server: St ik a collection of precemes or. Aervices In execution tahich takes Frequests from the clients, procemes them ‘and giver response bask to os the clients. py Senver con Serve move than one Aeypeat Prem multiple ebents Client: Ge is the one Which ends reyeits to the desven and gets response frem the server a one } Develegreent Testing duction a Pe icaton Server Brier ier NM SYSTEM LANDSCAPE SETEN LANDSCAPE Database Tier SCALABILITY Agape ne ok ~ frecelerated SAP: Roadmap +o implement ap _ at includes phanea- . y Prefect Preparraxion 2) Busine ‘Blueprint 3) Recligation 4) Final Preparation 3) Go-bve and Continued Support. Q Haw to save SAP BW, RIB, ORM, eke., Server? car-R/z (ABAP, SD, MM, Fz/eo), SAP APO (Advanced Phamrer and Optimizer) er) Srep hs Make Sure, that SAP~Gt Application Seren 16 installed. ~ . Shep 2: Make gure thet SAP Fenton /@ur 44 installed. Step pouble click on SAP ~R}/3. Manogement Comolle icon on the Deaktop, opens SAP MMe Seveon Mac: Microsoft: management corvobe. steg Hs Selec “ony rode in the Console tree cH. pil tasks > Start : qoserve. the color changes from Grey te: Yellow te Green ce Geps: chick on ype Tables? mode and Set the typor of Work process i ot proce TD, Stokus —> should be ‘WAIT? ° =~ Make sure thee ‘abt Stokes ave in “WAIT? grep 6: Now dagen to “cprp~ BU er Rg or CRM or APO | “Perfor the [30H = glep-t: Erling, the Somes ae ~Open MMC Comole indoor a ~ Selleck any wede ' . : cCHLy pli toaks > SP _ =Gehedk “Yer? for the Pope menage. -- observe: the eolor changer from Grean to Yellow fo Grip i _ hate te comola Window ai _Sebect {nl fir Be ers? maenege e. Logon fo SAr-B10 heee methods to Logon to Spp-avs wa ) Using sar Legon toindoro . 9) Using SAP Logon Pad Window 3) Prem Grmand Prompt (SAP Dba} C\>sApDBA (Baris Grrltucts b SAP Logon Binders, SAP Administrators) ‘aireou . : News Tom] for Help, Prem PL [Pek Ten] 7 SAP GUE Help (Prem FA’ on Logan taindoss) — SAP Logon Screen ( ode: ” ¢ eam), . Program Name. Tocode for 8/3 pst T-code for Bad. = Most ofthe. Foden in SAP-BWY aire prefixed with RSxX (RS Reporting Sgten) =n SAP-R/Z Bystem, Tocode ta [SOB] fr begon ~ Jn SAP-R/3, most of the, Tedes are prefixed with SExx (SE-> System Engines Parameters of SAP Logovt “phere are 4 pavemeters = ; ery) ) client 2)Urer 3) Paroeaorel language Dcbient: Logied Organigation of @ Specific: business Communi ‘ . ) coafiyurio th et os eee tnity dine et oMeriated (ox) A Client so aubset of DB in SAP . — Dain Bhaved by alll chients ia calted enk Drclependent Dasa. Types oF clients: Basicelly, there are 2 types of clients. . }) Adniniatrative client f 2) Active) Working Client {. 1. Amant atredive_cbient: This type of client dA ured for AAnonistraije Purpotes. onby. Aananistrative Clients ove aaed by SAP Administrators. No preject imple nditation activities are perbovmed under there clients. . _thne clients will be autemedteally: created Ushem the Rerver is installed, —Theae cHienks can act ay template clients to create Active/torking chinnta, Note: There are 2 administrative client: |) OOO 2)066~ End Watch clients. - Ackive chtent/Lorking chiens: 2 This -e. obienk: fee aa of bat i the ong ite wack > te oo project development, apport ard eden ates whic ¥ — Tree clients » lopr : ; “ : These cls are wed by Development, Support',-Main and Encl User i BY ., re Relive ehienk exits: Bence, We. (SAP~ snout meed to Creake ‘qetive clients by us the «A ase dee > using Chienk Copy, Tromation (Totode °(S€EE]) ote, ‘Bud maintains One Active client OF XINER) eeap- als prem (ABAP, SD, MM, 5/0) raaivrtoins amare than one Active Chenk. of ve clients Lies between QOG &% 499, excluding : . Bo ond B66- 2) uret: Uaera ave individuals or aukomated pro thas cuniqpe ddentifior allowing tam to fogon ond reais tt igiton Tone, chenk Con 3). Ponmaord: Tt is on encrypted Atning rankesl (with Re ger Do not enter @ rang Panne for more than. 3 times - Othertwise, the sys woul ae Jacked: q-ede for Parswsord Mosnkenance # suet 4) anguoge: SHE #4 a. multilinguutic System. Hl me we ST am “pew (Egfish)- Hemee, se iA optional onal i wf aajedes 2 dek to Yo maiwsain the e Key on De de or Optional : lagen a ce, woe need to peciby the Jongueage —gelect SAP — Seber SAP Ton —~ Sebeck ‘options = Lenquage — Browse and choose gegpired e on Default Nokes There aye 2 je keys in the drop-down box- wa The client, User Password rs mandakhy parameters for SAP Logon tsherean the ois optional Ft License Snpetmation fi Multiple Legere: Tartine (oth thie Logon ard End ony other Legon vee an tegen waithou ending other logers wa aoe alae provides the deste ps ime, TP Redden of Teaminal, Name. of the we application. Seaver othen uses or occeminy under. existing logins. y ucla . t SAP Easy Access: SAP:Bi+ SAP SIDES: Tateanational Demonstration cind Education/t Eventi a EXTRAS Mena —> SETTINGS... on. Segstera - ~h SAP Cony Recast, there are 2 Menus: I) SAP menu (eert--F44) U8 Menu (ebrLL E IDES: Geis & Ayetem ured for demonstration, Jeon hc and re 0,2) Sane 4 ts jer a botan dain’ lesigned bc matriad vr @ ynedel company. Dr vs ce, CO. ae ; Truteod, wwe ghoul uke .Non—DDES vertians. use TDEs versions. Hy ye Nay mention ThES tee Tye Fors) Sem: Strategic, Enterprise Planagernenk 0 Hors 40 Custamige SAP Eary Reser Screen? = coleck EXTRAS Menu—> SETTINGS ~> Shift-+ F4.— Settings) Oo Disploy Favorites at end of flat. LD Do not dinplay menu, only Deeply Favorites Do mot ais Son Duagley Technical Nannes - suse Fe net for SAP Comp ficcels Screen is (SESSIO ER] gi. How to ser a Resde oF 8 ? Aecem Sereen, —Tnte Sar Select EXTRAS Mend—> Celeok SET START TRANSACTION (Shife+—7) : —Guter Teode (Say) RSAIB—> Continue . ty veabiqe tHe defaub settings 8 ect Logoff (Shipt+e3) dL Grit aH Leon 7 ond Lejon again, You she civectly qo to the ‘Source Systems? foreen we (tod “How to Know the. Version of he Application Server and Dadabose oor RSAIS) = Seleck SYSTEM Menu —> STATUS +~+ ° Component Version [Busine ‘Bakormation Warehouse 3-1 C Dotabase System [ORACLE 4.2.0.1-0| How to Know the Program Nama end Source tole of oing Screen? —Tn any Screen, . a =Seleck SYSTEM menu —> STATUS PROGRAM (SCREEN) — Ex: SAPLSMTR— NAVIGATION gereeN NUMBER 400." program (U2) — SAPLSHTR— NAVIGATION rte, de. of tha Suen, Double clei on Program Name. To view the Sot Hote: - You need “ACCESS Key. ‘to, modify the SAP defined programs. 2. How fo communicate. With the Applicata: Sever Ae the. Gmmand, prompk or command fine 2) Prom the Menus: Lo . i (Bouble clbcx) r in the Windows Henus.“Thes: . 1) Srandavel Hen Bar Telades _D Standen fool Bax - Tile Bar (Tithe of the Screen) 4) Application Tool Gar 3) Status Bair (Menage Display). ° 6) Tork Bow (Malet Fasks) : . 7) Scroll. Bars (Hor gontal, Vertical for Navigation), jeasion? igeasion? and others, pre FL on legen toladow. seanion’ know about dote: To ee dis! ‘cap Gut Help- ~ select ‘Working with Sewion®?. _ on Sewrion 2s boni ancthon SAP tnatance of your Scacon- _ vrubeiple Semion* allow jp work on more than one ‘fou aka Hime. This can B0¥% ene qeduce the need 4 jump from bexean to doveen Bee vert Oo” be edited by pve “tue in one Aolbion ob a time. . —Mulipl tysvite? accees to the sane yecord i4 denied. pe con oper & wqamum of 6 fetions a a me p. wow to ope multiple Sessions 2 Method | Joct-coder JN xxKK > OP a new semaion by tenminating the. enierg tion Methed 2: [ger . Joh Pr op Jarsaa—> ore % esa seation for Tede RAL without terminating power the, existing, deren: . od Bt . Uselece ‘create A New Semion Teen zi “ae opens SAP Emre pecem Screens Method 4: - ceeleck SYSTEM Mena ~> Seleck ‘Create Senior? ” = SAP Gory Recess Scveen opens. fram the Standard Toolbar. Mtdtod 5: = Select ‘Sap ceon (TR) on the top fh 7 ~ Then Select ‘create ee. Rep DE corner of “Gf Soren ~ Opens SAP Eany Atcenm Screen. td 6: Select teak on the Taskbav = Right ebick—> Then, Tn the Menu, Select ‘Create Lersion? ~ Te olio opens SAP Eary Accews Screen: Note: Fry fo open a 1H sommen by any mettod after opening & — Menage (#): Maximurn Number stlemoat ‘reached. . ArHo to deploy the details of the Semiong 2 Enter [on the command prompt of SAP Bary Access Sevean <4 — Gt displarg Sextion Number » Fransection and opening Time. fo kill or End a Seaton, Select the Sersion Number and click on Te view, Enter /O ~ Saleck ‘Generate? —> Selleck ‘/o' to create Semion again, Standard Aavigation: Details of Steps: Step 3: Make aure that FFSS PC-Teon exists in SAP- BW system. ~ Enter. Teode [RSAIZ Administrator Work Bench .(AbB) = Teds the Hearr of -Sap- a1. ~Te ik @ tool for fonealing mening ond maintaining oll of the ate Staging and Procetsing Jn SAP-BLD. = is a technological plakfstm f creme, modify and customige all Kinds of metadata objects of SAP- BW). Functions off Adininistmator Work Bench (AWB): procemes Connected with There ave & functions of AWG + ) Modeling ; 2) Monitoring f 2 Reporting 4) Documents "Jrantport Connection 3) Documents 8) Business Content 7) Franlation Metadata Repository. . Modeling (s-Gde: [Es#a] ) ‘ ~ This function area 14 used te cae TRAE create’ asd mainte rer ae duioplna ts | arin mi cts "There objeats ave ciuployed in a treelike 6 a abet s chects ene. elened according to Hiercoohteal tein. tahich the ~otWe can use Context Menu (premang, Righe click) to rcintenance abalegs fir each sipat| wort he a ae ‘he sellevant Note: Modeling has the following 5 Sub- Punetions . 1) Enforrovider (asa) — 9) InfoSources (Rsm2) 3)Source ems (RSA 13) 4) Tnfeobjects (rsa ta) #5) psa- Persistent” Stoging Arex 2. Monitoring (T-code: [RSMO Rsmon] ) _ Te enables te yronitdl and contsal data Loads ol additional ee proces an sap-B0)- mg Procetics ond ey Orda sed fe prenitching the (viewing the) Stas of data floods. (esals) 3, Reporting Pye J usith eshich wwe can Schedule ond exeaute depAting _Tt is a We funckions in the |, Buch os: — Evaluation of exceptions, printing. of qportes and the pre-caleutation of- web templates. 44. Tranapove Connection (7- code: — Te ig used to Connect newly cre SAP BIO A ed ov changed objects in the. _ise can une the ‘Change. ‘Tropaport_ Organiger) (CT) to tvomport the objects into other BW systema. je, Transportation of objects i ‘cond Production Systems: i from Dewlopmenk_ 40 Tent OAS 5. Documents the ‘Documents? function aren enables you to, insert, Kgarch in create Links for one or move documenta in Various forihata, ° e: Yersfons and Languages “for SAP Bid Objects. 2 2 \o% eet G. Business Content (T-eade [RSORBET] in V 8.40,3-5) Tt provides Pre- confiyuved information models based on Metadala, LG prowdes users in an enterprise loith a Aeleative information thay con wre to fulfill their tosis . ¢ — De is q colieckon of SAP clefined objeats available in Delivery Version (D-Vervion) 4. Translation Translesion_ ~ Tn this finchon area, 3 of SAP-BU objects. g. Meta-Data Repository (1-code (RSOR)) “Tp din HTML bared SAP-OU Met Dae Repasitery, all SAP- 4) ieta-Date, objects ond the corvespordit Links to other objects ave manoged centrally, fogether with an int ed Meta-Data Repository Brewer. -A hock Function (Ceotc) 34 available, enabling a qick access & the Mekapaba Reporte y- Structure of CT se WorkBench (AWG) T-Cade [RSAd u. Administrator WorkBencs \ saFon nines Technical | pee - Deseviplion Status Kitme - wodeding (RSA}) ~ Tobie YP aa seuy other windows. . | “psan (EP) 2 = -: RSAI2 (TS) = _ RsAl3 (SS) —_ RsAry (FO) _ 2 can translate ‘Short Text onal ‘Long Feet? L “Fran port Connection (STMS) ~ Documents . | |_Documents __ Busine Content (Rsoaser) | Transhation |_ Buse [eta et sry OR | i : ! \ 4 + : J Doscigion Shy Twiel 6 . ah ‘Nowae, Oth : NAVIGATION : Ly tiindow ‘otro : SPL WINDQHS Source, Sytem: ~All yptents that Aappore an with DATA one vcallad Source systems ~ =A Source System 4 a Protocol Hot 68 wes te fr and exeraak Date = when the Soure 24. MOh-SAP beBtem huch a a third party tool, then ta mardmam a Of characters es ee . Ss technical pana is 2 —ldhein fe Souree Gk an SAP eystem Auch ax SAP R/2 (oLrP) ett, then the teehnical mame ‘ctl Ometeh sith the. Logical 8 P), SAP-car, Troy cy the ens Maer of Character allow'd for The sinc wees nome is 32: Iphabets fom At Z, Digits from akg elon, —Characters means 6 es of Source Syston “there are & type ef Sous Sytem. tO TB) SAP Sytem | Prom Release 3.0 Chustomatic Create), ° Tey] SAP System From Releare 3-0) (inarucl Creation) . O TG] sae Business Thfsonination Warehouse . O) CY File Septem (manuel Mein date, Bata wring File Trterface), _ ©) [BB] Databane Sgstern Ccta ard Metadely uving SAPDB Comect) O BAL External Sayttorn (Data and Metadata. Travier Using Staging ‘Barts) 10 B®: SAritemer Relarionitsp Management: 4orow & CO BD XHL Datebaes using SOAP Taterface we ifthe Dake tramer Ts betseen SAP-Bu and oer SAP Source puch ay SAP-RY3, SAP-CRM, Oe, then wwe We SAPT Znterface. fens. SAPL + Service APL Application Programmi Trterace- APE y J -sapt a 0 Combined technology of ALE, TREC. ALE; Application Link Grobli TRAC: Transasional Remote function Call. UU Teeedel: SALE, SHSM, TDOC, WEIS, WEII,.1, Ged — Th te Data Tranter is betueen SAP-BW art. ro then we use BAPT Snterboce- BAPE: Business Prketon Programming Bicterboce’ - bower include ORACLE, MS-Se # She Date Date include. ‘itrobneyeter SERVER, DB2, SYBASE, TNGRES, zee Extensible Meskup sas wine si eck Acct ireheas mple. obj A Pesca in orclen Frethe Pooed Prec Hrre: Hyper Tete Transfer Source SYSTEMS _Tnfebrea - TTepofirens ave wned fo ovpnnige Brfocubes, O95 objets, LD. fedbjects, i J ete. ctory sed fo organige Difoobj t at , beatin and other DuhePreviders, each Trpoobjeck % amigned ts an Difpfires _ oe is a dive ~ both Dabocube emigned te “Through en Babe Object cotales, on wah J 4 _3t ao orqenigasional oid. ovby. “ge will nor parevdpate 46 Noles wok partrlpate any proceaing of the dad. = Trpohress 7 he created at, Q functiom: - At Tnfoob jeots an At Info Provide sano turmber of ee allevsed fir the were “eh seal ni ~The rear mame ih BQ: ~Ae is clinton of. “Stic Tnksobjects Frate 5 Paliedonles, Santas Keg Pigute. Dafiohjeet-totedog nin a bey bruv Snboobjecks belengoh to Ai plicadions (eg, 50,46, A/c), bjeak catalog ~ Dr ab Wed fo Orgontge nfo Objects under an TafsArea. There, ave 2 ty¥er of Infookject Cectoloys . !) Charnoteistic Tafodhject- Geinlon. Chorractys: i Note: . ~The waximam number of characters allosed fr the Infeo echnicol name 4s 30. blocks ef SAP-Bud. Engoobjeets: These ove the Core basic buifaling All the business evoluation objects ‘Auch as products, custamers, vencevs, vevenues, Atoces, Profits, eke, “ave also called Dnfoobjecte . ~In SAp-Bis, characteristics and key Agures ave collectively called ay Aneel —Sufoobjects ave the baric information provides ef’ Sap-aus. they Muchue the information needad to crecte cata tar buch as ide ooen ops obeete, ponte Dak objeas and Guevis, “ype of Tnfoobjerss: These can be clouifiel info S tytes — 1) Chavactertic 2) eg Figures 3) Time characteristies A) Unit Characteristiey 5) Technical chavacterssticn Characteristic. Snpoobjests (Represents thoy Lhe, When, where Scenayies) Chorwerenntics Ore Uned to dercribe the object deale withn a fHeseg from for Cove business objects Gite onstomers, f busines process: These com be Vendors, products, Accounts, ete. duvet) 1 i Gx: Name, Nye, Adee, etc. {Cuntorner) , Moserial Description, Brand, Codov, Dade f Mfy , Vendor Detail, ofe. (pre e Dota Typer for characteristic Tnfo objects: 4 Typ J CHAR Chamcter Sting (Wax. length 60) digité Crtax. Lomatn bo) ) 2) NUMC ~ Character Sing oith 01 3) Dars— Date Field (YYYYMM DD) stoved ax char(9) A) TEMS ~ Time Field (HHMM ss) Stored an Char(6) 2, Key exquoe Tnfeotfets (Represent How Much ou! Many. Scenario) key Fegure. Tabeokjerts care ied to desorbe ony — - ep oymadion from the tn pean Reo md of numeric 2 Lows Level yuambers Auch 0 Gales Quantities, Sales Revenues, Profits, ete, : cand High Level Hey Performance Tndeators CRPLs) dutch a4 Customer LijeTime yebur (CLTY), Produk Like Time Value, ete, are all vmod led using, SAP-BUd Ie PE Trpoobjents Daretyor for Beg Figure PrhoOb eos: 6 Tyres 1) Amount ~ CURR (11,2) 1S Tatager ee Deckwal parts 3) Quantity ~ QUAN (17,3) 3) Number — pec (17,2) - a) Tnteger~ TNT + fo) S) Dake — pect) 6) Time — pect) 3. Time ghavackeristics: These are yn tee Ob Migede (mandatorg) Time Dimension of Gefocaken fe exer ‘Soa Time Reference, of Busines Gronks “gs ‘Neer Tn y Bie, BS? Gr V 288) 21C, 3.06, g 2 CALDAY —> Colendar Day CAL MONTH ~> sr Menth OCALWEER > colerdar Week QETSCPER —> Fiseal Year Period. 4 A Unit, Chavactervigeics: 4 wnede ave wed to 4 conjunction With yoy go of tyre gq OUNNT 0 Base- oyst of easuvement: gcverency GLOe CORY hecol curvency, gp0e—CURCY —> Document currence, lose: 229 Units : Tax. 24 wees: by Ink., 3 Pee dhore ave 1S Time characteristion. theve Were only q Time charosteriatcs- gence nt ao fore ourvency!’ and ‘unites of measurement dn Bee 5: UMit Chayacteristics: “These chatactoriaties ave organisa] in the Data Package Divnendion . E —There are 3 ‘Technical characteristics. * : 1) BREQUID — Requent ID. 2) @ RECORD TP — Record Type 3) OCHNG TD — change Run £9, Infoobjects | TA the Ct Figg entions CRI cht. chin. RRL KEL FS. aee_ee | at fee uh Tk. Dern Pp yay) - : t ong OO my Ot &) aay See “edi hanes B Rett Bis, > RES “hase ra “ ‘Trpocube- Apphication Component —These ave Used to organize LnfoSourss. These are sinclar to nfpeon | woed cith Info objects, Trfocisber , ete. ~ Db in an Orgonigational aid — Fhe maximum nuonber of ches allased for the Application. Cony technical name 14 32. Note: The Letter ‘2’ will | be added aa a fe to the Application Componente Fechnical wame by The Syptor automatically - Se, fe: ZAC-SS. wa LnfoSource, = Infp Source 48 a Akructure’ in Gahich pbiectt ore . 7 ; ich Trfo obj 4 ‘ fodbjectt Degpenlley _Sabegource deacriber qwantity of all data dveiloble for a busi : oy avait nes brane dTOn« _ fin TnfoSource deycatbes 2 fource af busine “information whe epre part-of the Difptuee Definition ‘S the Communic 1 Communication Structure. ~ fhe DnpoSouree 2s Rot used ‘to Store data- Butend, ee an inter? Te < peaeen ‘the, technical dels af tha, data tramufer Process and pan Patong | pusiness grementh model ints th Ds 5 . oe “= an Tnfocubes, 08 objects, manter Data Type of Tf Sources: In V BOB, BIC) 3S: dake in any Deka Target C&xcept Hierarchiea) Ts_ss-TD Q Direct Update of Master Data” . I Tofoobjert * suipess (He peed to pom the Maiter Data, Kew herd) . : Ta V VOB, BIE @ ‘Transaction Dako InfoSource TS-S5-T? © Master Daten ‘Tnfeobject? SMID-Ss (mester Dots key). Of VER . The ‘Transostion ede GafpSouree, 44 veploced -by ‘Flexible nde) 4 in — ie VV OBLKK Flexible v date? option Supports Frantaction Data and Marter Data Akevibubes » Master Data Text put net Hierarchié of charrackers allowed for the EnfoSource cal Name is 3B \ Note: The [evi namber Techni Dake Source oat A Data Source deserves a Apecific source of data tn’ a Specific Source weptert farm teehnitad Point of view fk _qhe Joka Source duscription Fedudes Information about the exctrocti proceas, the dake trowafer proces » and if provides: thi option to ‘Now daw = Data Transfer Methods: mAs atenmediaiog) Aine cilted pon (1 on S d Persistent St Type of DabnSowees: 2 Types of Date uve ane hen. *pryrtrea) 1 DataSource fir Transaction Data 2 — Data Source for master Data Attributes. 3 Data Source for ihaster Doin Taxts. 4 Dako Souree for maatey Data Hierarchies Transfer Structure ~ Ar Transfer Structure maps Data Source fields to Thhosource Dahoodj ps Den jects. -2t i a data Atructure used to deseribe fe techni 5 used bo trunfer dota from a Aource Aystem to an Sree eke The Tramfer Structure can be vegarded ea a Contrott oy an Agreement bobseon the Source System and SAP-Bur sgitem, on how to trandar dete Gnd tt dain to tronfer. Multiple Data Sources can be Gtyned to a Si . ne Wale Dots the. Adie kind of ee from sek Bebo llnig Note: “7. From One Source Sytem, One Date Soures can be onnpned tm only one Srfosource at a time, fe, We cannst aAtign one Dota Source to multiple Infa sources ak a Hine 2. Seleck the ‘Selection’ Check boxes te splay the. Pata Selection cereon ok the. Hime of Acheduling dain Aa that the Feqpired range of records onky eon be Yoaded ‘into the Dak Targets (Infocube, ake) (Optional). ie, Thus selection 44 wed to restrict the data Yecords to be entered into the Infpcube- There ave 2 methods : GO PSA (Persistent Stoging Area), O Tec PSA (Persistent Staging Are TThsa bo Dain Sg Me in SAP-On4 Te allleess us to check data dn an dntermedioiry location before the deta Ub Sent“ te ie dentination in SAP- BW Systeni ee aoe psp is an Trbourd Store. for the data that comes fom The Source & inky BH. - 054i ured for Atoring, operative deca teporonilly (fr example, for 3> dows) The Structuve: of the” PSA sda? Staley, do, cteavol ue wee ait also Tah et et etter Atractuve and _ ese ae: — RE: Reqpert Number. yo =D: Data Package Number _ P= Partition Number Rs Dato. Record Number, a 2 “she PSA table 3s partitioned Ayrarclly. by Request Number —Tf PSA table is partitioned, Lt increases the perbormance daring the dato heads. _psh use TREC (Trawactional Remote Fancton call) of the dota record 14 1962. bytes ond tho mnactinwnn field, are 255- ~ Sn SAY Phe mannan number of purpose /usen of PSAS The main purpose of psa is to Atore upleaded cate 'for data qbabity ard condinkonog maincenance purpetes- ~onee date 6 ‘akoredh in PSA, it 44 availa! multiple dotm targels oF different points extraction YUM for the Same Aet of data ‘from the. Source mB, : Tt alo cllows evvor handbing befive Leading the dasa. into the. Gafotube _ ops objects, Master Dake, Objects eke : le for multiple updates née of time, avoiding. 1m Techni is TS-SS_TD, Note: Tf ae Tajpsource Technical Name 4 _ ~~ AS Vedhnical tome, 1 TS—SS-TD—QA than te PS! spruckare, 9A or Ae Jeey AXKK- VV where XKKK... TnfeSource Technical Kame ond vy (2g 2 fete Pe Strdchore-Fechrical @: OA ‘see AG _qne Tecnica wae of the PSA datubose table is /are/Bwannnnneewn ex /v1e[soooo73e10 [ shere OF —> Businen Bates gence { C3 Customer or User Defined (O-2SAP or Septem Definell) B > Bante object y {UNNNNAIN NNN 2 10 digit integer number, : Bch PS Datobat Biches the conten of Pm Ontobnve Tae Tode (AGAR: Dicxioneng ov Date Dieter L x Dicttonan) = Table: /axe/0000732109 ~ Dsples] ~ Select ‘ontents) Peon. TH oo, (Tntermediote Downer. : _Epoc Js SAPS standard format fer G92 (Clectranic Data os oD bebseen SAP Syktors Faberchargs) 20% cam de used in the following Scenarios. ) ALE: Application Link Erablling 2 EDt: Electronic. Date, Drterchonge- _The TDoc Seucure includes 1) Grdvoll Record 2) Data. Record 3) Status Recorel The Records of the TDee OF led Segments e= att ~The. Number of Segments Jin tha 196 ein? 44 tha actual number af records . CEP as te. Main Segment. + Of esesry ~The Smportent Toeedes related to TDoce aves WES2 Wees wels weld Wer . WER Wer, Tpoc SALE sms9 oe longthigg tae reed: 4 nthe DDoc és -yextricted to 1000 bytes. yansetional Remote Function cafe TAT: “gr is an SAP Trterbace Protocal- ves pre ta used to exer date, frm dota ie SAP-BW- pga wae TREC epee. supperts a maximatn oa 1q62. bytes per Yeord ant 256 DB Field le Teode for TRFE an or [SALE — Berafies amy TREC _CPSA) over TDee: _ Date can be proved in PSH using TREC: pen improves performance diving date load ~~ Tpec Sige # Vsmited fo 100° bates (Shorea TREC con entraat upto jase dyes Por wecord ond 255 Database Freddy. = posabiirg Cg segnchvonig otion uaing PSA. - : ; _. psf acts 0 ex (epplicodien Programm Brkerface) to accens the. dota, Aored, 37 the O95 object Source Systeme omd Push he Trans lex Rubes: Troms les Fo efrenaker Rubs Apecitey how, Dato Source Fields are vnapped to DiboSource Drfgochjects . 2x af. trameformations defining the mapping of- _gremsfer Rubs are & 4 : fields ovrailable in & Apecibie DataSource to the fi ed in the ‘Trasource Depyrstion. i Lye create Fronoher Rules by wnt a. Dora Source “to an Brpetource | teks i Sd eanigring Dnbeokjes jo the Use of: Teovafer Bi! rahe main parpote 4 Gromsber Ruler 4s “converting the Source Syston” Yeprenentation t Nee tomes ding the Same data. date onto Spe -BUs Apeeibe and ulvaple Source Systerss pre Tyee of Tramafor Rule: Thane wre 4 “types > x0 Sapookjet 2 Simple Geld psvignment, ushere a : A cial ! te ofl of te Eston : ~G-ts alo called One-to- appt and Hise tidefuole tomer © oc

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