Timer controlled appliance network (TCAN) - a new approach of energy conservation

Authors:
1. Somnath Khamaru, Btech 3rd year ECE student, SKFGI 2. Sourish Barman, Btech 3rd year ECE student, SKFGI Abstract This paper deals with a timer controlled appliance control device which can be used to control the different appliance in a corporate sector and prevent its mismanagement in terms of energy use. This device is very simple, cost efficient and robust and has auto off feature with alarm. It primarily operates on ten different timing modes and can be extended to even 100 timing modes by just changing Ics...This circuit prevents wastage of energy is it keep the appliances active for the duration desired by the user and thus prevents its misuse. This circuit is made of simple digital circuit but it is not microprocessor controlled. The control mechanism of the device is hardwired and no programming knowledge it is required to reset the device according to the users need. So even a layman can operate it.

Different sections of the device

A. Clock Section The clock is the heart of the timer. The special variable frequency clock made from an astable 555 timer. It gives clock pulse within a range of 1 sec to 1 hour using a variable resistor. So we can set the timer for 90 sec as well as for 90 hours also. This feature of the clock adds flexibility to device. This clock is feed to the counter section and the counter section is synchronized with the clock. The clock has special features so it gets off when the timers work ends i.e. the when the counting period ends. And again you have to reset it according to your need.

Fig: 1: Clock

B. Counter Section It is one of the main components of the circuit. Here we are using a counter (up/down) which is fed with a clock of various time periods and so the counter acts as a timer of various time duration. The timer consist of CD4510 up down counter IC and CD4511 is used to decode the counters output and lit the display section At first the timer is parallel loaded with the desired total time duration that the user requires to control all the appliances . The parallel loading is done using keypads and IC 74HC147 fitted to the device. When the counting of the counter section starts the control section gets input and it works according to the instruction hardwired to it.

Introduction
Energy conservation is a buzz word of this century. To go with this flow we have made a device which does time management of appliances. This time management of appliances can prevent energy wastage. This device helps to reduce work force in the industries, as it monitors the appliances automatically and thus no human monitoring is required. This device can work 24X7 once set. This device is battery controlled so can even work on power failure situation. Operating this device is easy, just set it once according to your need and you dont need to bother again, it will serve you satisfactorily.

and the devices comes to still and saves its battery. So you need not think of unnecessary power loss by the device. The procedure stated above is also followed by an alarm so the user understands that the work of the device is over and it needs resetting.

Fig: 2: Counter

C. Control section
The control section is a combination of decode rand gates which senses the change of time in the timer and switches different appliances network sections and keeps then on for the duration hardwired previously..It enables the user to use different appliances at different time sets. This also adds flexibity to the device. So one device is enough to control all appliances of a organization. The control section has 74HC42 IC and 7432, 7404 IC. The 74HC42 IC takes the BCD output of the CD4510 IC as the input and with change in the input it switches 10 different pins, one at a time. This ten pin acts as ten modes of the control section and this pins are active for time = (10* time period of the clock).This pins ate fed to IC 7432(OR gate) through IC 7404(NOT gate) .i.e. the signals are complemented and fed to or gate. The different combination of the OR gates keeps the different appliances active for different time. The control circuit also has special feature that when the count comes to end then the last appliance to be controlled gets off ,similarly the clocks also gets off

Fig 3: control circuit controlling AC Load

Fig 4: OR gate controlling an AC bulb

Fig 5: OR gate controlling an AC Fan

Applications The device finds use in various sectors like

office, cinema hall, mall, hotels where many lights, fans, electrical appliances are used.

switching on the lights of the hall for cleaning purpose. D. Finally switching the lights of the hall for last cleaning of the day at the days end. The different works are no. (1) The day work starts at 10 am. work mode no (A) is done. (2)At 11 am the 1st show starts, work mode no (B) is done. (3) The show ends at 1 pm, so work mode no(C) is done. (4) At 2 pm the 2nd show starts, work mode no (B) is done. (5) The show ends at 4 pm, so work mode no(C) is done. (6) At 5 pm the 3rd (last) show starts, work mode no (B) is done. (7) The show ends at 7 pm, so work mode no (D) is done. At 8pm hall closed. To control this work from 10 am to 8 pm at least 2 operators are require working individually in two different shifts. So for this the hall owner says to spend about Rs 12,500 R per month on each operator. Total Rs 25,000. But if our device (costing Rs. 500) is used the then Rs.25, 000 thousand can be saved. The operation and maintenance cost of the device is also low (about: Rs300 per month). Solution to problem given by us The solution to this problem is very simple and it is solved by following procedure: 1. The total duration of work of the TCAN is from 10am to 8pm. So total 9 hrs of work. The counter of the TCAN is parallel loaded 09 through the keypad and the clock is set so that it gives pulse after 1 hour .the counter is set for down counting. 2. All the counter outputs are feed to two 7442 Ics (4 to each). So for the whole 9 hours 9 different output pulses would be generated by the control circuit. 3. The right most CD4510 IC (refer to fig 2) gives BCD output 1001 hence the no.9pin of the IC 7442 connected to it, is in active mode so the lights are connected to the no 9 pin and work (1) starts.

It can be used in roads for traffic light control

at fixed intervals.

It can be fitted to sensor circuit to make sensor

controlled appliances.

Many factories can use this device where

automotive machines are fitted and are needed to be controlled one after the other.

This devices are readily used in fields where

controlling of different machines are needed are different time interval.

Future research
This device is can be made by using micro controller and more intelligence can be added to this device so that appliances could be controlled both at very long and very short interval simultaneously. We hope that in near future we would successfully implement all this features.

A real life case study

Here a real life case study is given so that the readers the understands the real life utility of the circuit. The case deals with a problem faced by a cinema hall owner and solution suggested by us using the circuit. Case: A cinema hall screens three shows daily, each of 2 hrs duration. The time gap between each show is one hour. The modes of work are done: A. The initial switching on of the lights for cleaning of the hall. B. The projector is switched on when show starts and the lights of the hall are to be switched off. C. Putting the projector off when show ends and

4. After 1 hr the work (1) ends as the no 9 pin of 7442 is deactivate as the count changes to bcd 1000. 5. The next work is of 2hrs. The right most CD4510 IC (refer to fig 2) gives BCD output 1000, 0111 so the no 8, 7 pin of the IC7442 are put together in a two input OR gate. So the output of the OR gate is active for the two input changes of IC 7442. 6. So the projector is connected to the output of the OR gate and work (2) is started. 7. After 2 hours the work (2) stops 7442 is deactivate as the count changes to BCD 0110. 8. The next work is of 1hr. The right most CD4510 IC (refer to fig 2) gives BCD output 0110 so the no 6 pin of the IC7442 active. This no 6 pin is also connected to the light and work (3) is started. 9. After 1 hour the work (3) stops 7442 is deactivate as the count changes to BCD 0101. 10. The next work is of 2hrs. The right most CD4510 IC (refer to fig 2) gives BCD output 0101, 0100 so the no 5, 4 pin of the IC7442 are put together in a two input OR gate. So the output of the OR gate is active for the two input changes of IC 7442. 11. The OR gates output is also connected to the projector so work (4) starts. 12. After 2 hours the work (4) stops 7442 is deactivate as the count changes to BCD 0011. 13. The next work is of 1hr. The right most CD4510 IC (refer to fig 2) gives BCD output 0011 so the no 3 pin of the IC7442 active. This no 3pin is also connected to the light and work (5) is started. 14. After 1 hour the work (5) stops 7442 is deactivate as the count changes to BCD 0010. 15. The next work is of 2hrs. The right most CD4510 IC (refer to fig 2) gives BCD output 0010, 0001 so the no 2, 1 pin of the IC7442 are put together in a two input OR gate. So the output of the OR gate is active for the two input changes of IC 7442.

16. The OR gates output is also connected to the projector so work (6) starts. 17. After 2 hours the work (6) stops 7442 is deactivate as the count changes to BCD 0000. 18. The last work is of 1hr. The right most CD4510 IC (refer to fig 2) gives BCD output 0000 so the no 0 pin of the IC7442 active. This no 0 pin is also connected to the light and work (7) is started. 19. After 1 hr work (7) ends and then the clocks also stops and the devices gives alarm of end of its work for the time being. It is 8 pm at night. [The instruction given above is hard wired and so the TCAN does all the above work automatically. Thus the problem of the owner of the cinema hall is solved and by this he would be able to save more than Rs24, 000 per month]

Conclusion
Through this paper we have tried to give you an idea how to use the device (TCAN) and thus prevent mismanagement of power. If this device is used in all sectors then we would need think of a day where we have forgotten to switch the lights and fan of our organization and they are on to consume power, money and destroy precious electrical energy, because TCAN is there to take care of all of this. TCAN will be the time management guru of the near future.