3
Lect-3
Thrust=m(Ve -Va)
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
2
Lect-3
Simple Gas Turbine based Turbojet Engine
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-3
Mechanism of Creation of Thrust
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-3
The net thrust F due to change in momentum is
F = m Ve - Vam+ Ae.(Pe- Pa)
The propulsive efficiency p can be defined as the ratio of the useful propulsive energy or thrust power (F.Va) to the sum of that energy m (Ve - Va ) 2 and the unused kinetic energy of the jet , . The latter is the kinetic energy relative to earth. 2 propulsive efficiency
Gross Momentum Thrust Pressure Thrust
Intake Ram drag
m.Va.( Ve - Va ) 2 p = = 2 (Ve - Va ) 1+ Ve V m Va.(Ve - Va ) + a 2
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
5
Lect-3
When Ve>> Va i.e. a very large acceleration and, so with even with low mass flow, Thrust produced, F = very high, but propulsive efficiency, p= low , typical jet engine, which produces compact thrusters When, Ve= Va the propulsive efficiency is 100%, but Thrust, F 0; - has given rise to turbofans, where large part of the thrust is produced with high mass flow, low air acceleration and high propulsive efficiency, and only a small part of thrust is produced with high jet effect.
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
6
Lect-3
The graph captures the utility zones of various kinds of propulsive devices. At low subsonic speeds propellers are the better thrusting devices. At medium speeds (high subsonic) turbofans are the better thrusters At high (supersonic) speeds, there is no alternative but to go for pure jet engines
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
7
Lect-3
A single spool bypass turbojet engine
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-3
A twin-spool Turbo-prop engine
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-3
A bypass twin spool gas turbine engine
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
10
Lect-3
A high bypass twin spool Turbofan engine
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
11
Lect-3
An Ultra-high bypass twin spool geared turbofan
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
12
Lect-3
A three-spool turbofan bypass engine
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
13
Lect-3
Two spool turboshaft engine (for propeller)
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
14
Lect-3
Twin spool powerplant with inter-cooling
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
15
Lect-3
Three spool geared contra-rotating aft prop-fans
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
16
Lect-3
Two-spool high bypass aft-fan turbofan
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
17
Lect-3
Frontal view of a geared two spool very high bypass turbofan engine
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
18
Lect-3
A contra-rotating twin rotor aft fan prop-fan test
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
19
Lect-3
Contra-rotating twin rotor aft-prop-fan flight test
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
20
Lect-3
Aircraft Engine development over the years have proceeded towards making them more compact (light-weight, small sized, measured in Thrust/weight ratio ) and highly fuel efficient . Recent research and developments focus on the following issues : 1)Energy Audit & search for new fuels 2)Chemical Pollution Audit 3)Noise Audit 4) Infra-red signature audit (for military aircraft)
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
21
Lect-3
Space vehicle being lifted by a rocket engine
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
22
