This document summarizes different types of single-phase induction motors, including their construction, operation, and starting methods. It provides details on split-phase, capacitor-start, and repulsion motors. The document also describes procedures for no-load and load testing of a capacitor-start motor, including testing at different capacitor values. Test results show the motor reaching a speed of 1490 rpm under no load and maintaining speed effectively under increasing load torques. In conclusion, the experiment was successful in characterizing the motor performance but values may have been affected by backup generator frequency variations during testing.
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A.C Single Phase 4-Pole Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Theory
This document summarizes different types of single-phase induction motors, including their construction, operation, and starting methods. It provides details on split-phase, capacitor-start, and repulsion motors. The document also describes procedures for no-load and load testing of a capacitor-start motor, including testing at different capacitor values. Test results show the motor reaching a speed of 1490 rpm under no load and maintaining speed effectively under increasing load torques. In conclusion, the experiment was successful in characterizing the motor performance but values may have been affected by backup generator frequency variations during testing.
This document summarizes different types of single-phase induction motors, including their construction, operation, and starting methods. It provides details on split-phase, capacitor-start, and repulsion motors. The document also describes procedures for no-load and load testing of a capacitor-start motor, including testing at different capacitor values. Test results show the motor reaching a speed of 1490 rpm under no load and maintaining speed effectively under increasing load torques. In conclusion, the experiment was successful in characterizing the motor performance but values may have been affected by backup generator frequency variations during testing.
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A.C Single Phase 4-Pole Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Theory
This document summarizes different types of single-phase induction motors, including their construction, operation, and starting methods. It provides details on split-phase, capacitor-start, and repulsion motors. The document also describes procedures for no-load and load testing of a capacitor-start motor, including testing at different capacitor values. Test results show the motor reaching a speed of 1490 rpm under no load and maintaining speed effectively under increasing load torques. In conclusion, the experiment was successful in characterizing the motor performance but values may have been affected by backup generator frequency variations during testing.
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A.
C SINGLE PHASE 4-POLE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR THEORY
Single phase induction motors are inferior to 3- phase units in performance. They are designed to operate from a single phase supply and are manufactured in a large number of types to perform a wide variety of useful services in homes offices, factories, workshops, e.t.c. Most motors of this type are wound as two-phase machines with the main and starting circuits initially in parallel across the single phase supply, but designed so that the currents in the two windings differ in phase. The necessary phase shift can be made by connecting a capacitor in series with the starting winding or alternatively winding it with fewer turns of smaller diameter wire than is used in the main winding so that its resistive component is increased. As the motor approaches its operating speed, this winding can be switched off, although in some motors, it is left connected to the supply with a reduced value of series capacitance. Single phase motors may be classified depending on their construction and method of starting. These are: 1. Induction motors ( split phase , capacitor and shaded pole) 2. Repulsion motors (inductive series motors) 3. A. C. series motors 4. Unexcited synchronous motors.
Single phase induction motors
In construction, this motor is more or less similar to a polyphase induction motor except that its stator is provided with a single phase winding and its centrifugal switch is used in some types of motors in order to cut out a winding used only for starting purposes. When feed from a single phase supply, its stator winding produces a flux which is only alternating i.e one which alternates along the one space axis only. It has different starting methods giving different types of single phase induction motors. They include; 1. Split phase induction motor 2. Capacitor start induction motor
a. Single voltage externally reversible type b. Single voltage non- reversible type c. Single voltage reversible and with thermostat.
Capacitor start and run motor
It includes a capacitor connected to the starting winding from start and at all times. The capacitor is used to provide the necessary phase difference between stator winding current and rotor winding current. The capacitor also improves the overload capacity of the motor, higher power factor, higher efficiency and quieter running of the motor.
Repulsion type motors
It consists of stator winding of the distributed non-salient pole housed in the slots of a smooth cored stator and a rotor carrying distributed winding which is connected to the commutators. A commutator maybe of one or two types and Carbon brushes which ride against the commutator, and are used for conducting current through the armature. Types of repulsion type motors are; 1. Compensated repulsion motor. 2. Repulsion- start induction- run motor. 3. Repulsion induction motor.
Universal Motors These are motors which may either be operated on direct or single phase A.C supply at approximately the same speed and output. They are of two types namely; 1. Concentrated- pole, non-compensated type (low power rating) 2. Distributed- field compensated type (high power rating)
PROCEDURE No Load Test The circuit was connected as shown in figure A. and the value of the starting capacitance was set to 8F and 135V A. C. supply was switched on to the motor. When the shaft speed had reached approximately 1150 revolutions per minute the starting circuit was cut using the on-off switch on the capacitor board. With the voltage kept constant, the corresponding shaft speed was recorded.
Load Test The circuit was also connected as shown in fig. A and the voltage switched to 135 V. with the supply voltage maintained at constant, the brake load was increased in steps measuring, shaft speed and stator current at each step. The capacitor was then reconnected for run operation as shown in fig . B with 12F in the circuit. The above procedure was repeated with the load being increased in steps form zero to approx. 0.8 Nm.
DISCUSSION AND CONLUSIONS
load test for 8F capacitor brake load(Nm) shaft speed (rpm) 0 1470 0.2 1460 0.4 1430 0.6 1320
1000 800 600 400 200 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 Torque(Nm) for 8F capacitor for 12F capacitor
For the no load test it was observed that; As current was increased from 0-2.5A the voltage increased from 0v -92.5v with the induction motor still stationary. At 1.6A the motor started and accelerated to a speed of 1500 while current suddenly dropped to 1.2 volts.The motor remained at this speed even with current and voltage variation
CONCLUSION The experiment was a success but the values may have been affected by different frequencies as during the procedure the backup generator was used due to a power blackout.
REFERENCES A Textbook of Electrical Technology by B.L. Theraja and A.K. Theraja
