SEMESTER-1

AF-101 Fundamentals of Financial Accounting BL-102 Business Economics BL-103 Business Communication and Report Writing

INTRODUCTION This course basically deals with the Fundamentals of Financial Accounting. The students are expected to learn an understanding of accounting concepts, principles, procedures and systems for preparation of financial statements, computerbased accounting application, accounting treatment of current assets and liabilities, tangible and intangible assets. Students should become adept at classifying problems, situations and applying the required accounting principles.

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING [AF-101]

SEMESTER - 1

OBJECTIVE To provide the students with: an applied knowledge of accounting principles, concepts and skills of accounting, and preparing financial statements manually and through computer. OUTCOMES On completion of this course, students should be able to: apprehend and explain the fundamental accounting principles and concepts, record transactions in journal, prepare ledger accounts, and trial balance, prepare bank and cash accounts, bank reconciliation statements and petty cash statements, INDICATIVE GRID PART A

make year-end adjustments and prepare adjusted trial balance, prepare Income statement and statement of financial position from adjusted trial balance, understand the accounting treatment of accruals and prepayments, know how non-current intangible assets are dealt with in the books of accounts, prepare payroll account, understand what is meant by contingences and to make provision for them, prepare control accounts, comprehend how errors are corrected get an understanding of various final accounts as to how they are prepared, grasp different ways of interpreting accounts, calculate depreciation by using different methods, prepare bad debts and allowance for doubtful debts accounts, compute inventory by using different valuation methods,

CONCEPTUAL, SYSTEM AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 1. Accounting Nature and Objectives 2. Introduction to Financial Accounting 3. Accounting Regulatory Framework 4. Accounting Concepts and Conventions ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS AND ACCOUNTS PREPARATION 5. Source Documents and Books 6. Double Entry and Ledger accounting 7. Trial balance and Financial statements 8. Accruals and prepayments 9. Tangible non-current assets 10. Intangible non-current assets 11. Bad debts and allowances for receivables 12. Provisions and Contingencies 13. Accounting for Inventories 14. Accounting for Sales Tax 15. Accounting for Payroll 16. Bank Reconciliations 17. Control accounts 18. Correction of Errors FINAL ACCOUNTS 19. Sole traders' accounts 20. Company accounts 21. Manufacturing accounts 22. Incomplete records 23. Income and expenditure accounts INTERPRETATION OF ACCOUNTS 24. Statements of cash flows 25. Financial Ratios

SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA

WEIGHTAGE 10%

50%

30%

10% TOTAL 100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE CIMA, UK Study Text Relevant Study Text Frank wood Business Accountancy 1&2 IFRSs/IASs

Frank wood IASB Donald E. Kieso / Jerry J. Weygandt / Terry Accounting Principles John Wiley & Sons D. Warfield Financial Accounting Fundamentals PBP Professional Business Publications, Lahore. ADDITIONAL READINGS An Introduction to Accountancy S.N. Maheshwari Vikas Publishing House Robert F. Meigs / Jan R. Williams / Susan F. Accounting: The Basis for Business Decision McGraw-Hill Hakar / Mark S. Bettner

CORE READINGS AUTHOR -----

PUBLISHER BPP Kaplan Publishing Prentice Hall / Pearson / Financial Times IFRS Foundation

BUSINESS ECONOMICS [ML-102]

INTRODUCTION This course is designed to focus on fundamentals of economic concepts, and develop understanding and skill of the students, in order to enable them to identify and correlate various economic issues, to cost and management accounting for taking managerial decisions. OBJECTIVE This course enables the students to: dentify how a market economy functions, i evelop an understanding of the economic d environment, under which business operates, evelop the economic analysis for the guidance and d information of decision-makers, and dentify the economic factors, influencing the i behaviour and performance of firms and industries. OUTCOMES On completion of this course, students should be able to: pprehend the concepts of organisation, a escribe risk and return to shareholders, d xplain law of demand and supply, causes of change e in demand other than change in price and formation of equilibrium price, escribe types of elasticity of demand and supply, d determinants and measurement of elasticity and influences on it, nderstand the concept of price instability and u price stabilization policies, INDICATIVE GRID PART 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA istinguish between different types of cost and cost d behaviours, and the impact of long run costs on industry structure, xplain cost volume profit analysis, profit e maximisation approaches and influence of ebusiness and globalisation on cost and market behaviour, dentify and explain the methods of business i integration, measures of market competition, nature of externalities, monopolies and government measures to deal with externalities; iscuss the functions of the financial system; d xplain how commercial banks create credit; e etermine the role of central banks, its influence on d financial markets and global banking crises; o get an understanding of foreign exchange rates t and government policies on it; dentify the factors affecting national income; i escribe the stages in trade cycle, d iscuss the d concept of public finance, unemployment and inflation; istinguish between fiscal and monetary policies; d iscuss the concept of balance of payment and d terms of trade; xplain the role of global financial institutions and e impacts of globalisation.

SEMESTER - 1

Organization Return to Shareholders Demand & Supply Analysis Price Elasticity Price Instability and Government Measures Cost Behavior Profit Maximization Competition, Market Effects and Government Measures Functions of the Financial System Domestic Institutions and Markets Foreign Exchange Markets Macroeconomic: Trade Cycle Macroeconomic: The Role of Government International Context TOTAL

WEIGHTAGE

60%

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

40%

100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE CIMA, UK Study Text Relevant Study Text Economics Economics Economics for Business Pakistan Economic Survey (Latest) Economy of Pakistan (Latest) Modern Economic Theory Issues in Pakistans Economy Pakistan Gulf Economist magazine.

CORE READING AUTHOR ----Paul A. Samuelson / William D. Nordhaus Campbell R. McConnell / Stanley L. Brue PBP Finance Division, Economic Advisor Wing Saeed Nasir / Kamal Haider ADDITIONAL READINGS Kewal Krishan Dewett /Adarsh Chand S. A. Zaidi ---

PUBLISHER BPP Kaplan Publishing McGraw-Hill McGraw-Hill Professional Business Publications, Lahore Government of Pakistan. --S. Chand & Company Oxford University Press, Karachi. ---

INTRODUCTION This course is designed to give more emphasis on improving and developing the presentation and communication skills of the students. They are expected to develop and improve their verbal and non-verbal communication capabilities. OBJECTIVE To provide the students with theoretical and practical knowledge of verbal and non-verbal presentation and communication skills, enabling them to: earn and understand theoretical and practical l approaches of managerial communication, earn and understand the concepts methodologies, l and techniques for an effective presentation, while developing and refining their own abilities. OUTCOMES On completion of this course, students should be able to: pply the concepts to real business scenario and a sharpen their business communication and problem-solving skills, escribe the role of effective communication in d business,

BUSINESS COMMUNICATION AND REPORT WRITING [ML-103]

SEMESTER - 1

escribe the characteristics, process and d importance of communication in business; dentify the steps in the communication process, i escribe communication barriers and how to d overcome them, dentify some of the common sources of i misunderstanding that occur in written and oral intercultural communication, xplain the importance of speaking and listening e effectively, when communicating face-to-face with people from other cultures, dentify and demonstrate the methods and i procedures for writing letters, memos and other brief messages, escribe the various steps involved in the process of d report writing, escribe the steps involved in presentation skills. d ompose their CVs C escribe the communication role of electronic mail d and Internet technologies in designing business messages, erform well in the interviews P lay significant role in meetings P

INDICATIVE GRID PART SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA FUNDAMENTALS OF EFFECTIVE BUSINESS COMMUNICATION 1. Introduction 2. Communication in Organization A 3. Oral Communication 4. Interpersonal Communication (IPC) 5. Written Communication B C D

WEIGHTAGE 35%

CRAFTING BUSINESS MESSAGES, REPORTS, PROPOSAL AND MEMOS 6. Business Letters 7. Report Writing CASE ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION SKILLS 8. Case Method of Learning 9. Presentation Skills

40% 15% 10% TOTAL 100%

EMPLOYMENT AND GROUP COMMUNICATIONS 10. Employment Communication 11. Group Communication

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination. RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE Excellence in Business Communication Model Business Letters Communication for Business (A Practical Approach) Effective Business Communication CORE READINGS AUTHOR John V Thill / Courtland L Bovee L. Gartside / Shirley Taylor ADDITIONAL READINGS Shirley Taylor Herta A. Murphy / Herbert W. Hildebranot / Jane P. Thomas

PUBLISHER Prentice Hall / Pearson / Financial Times Prentice Hall / Pearson / Financial Times Longmen McGraw-Hill

SEMESTER-2
AF-201 Cost Accounting BL-202 Business Mathematics & Statistical Inference LA-203 Commercial Laws and Professional Ethics

COST ACCOUNTING [AF-201]

INTRODUCTION This course is designed to make the students familiar with the application of basic methods and techniques of cost and management accounting. The course deals with the cost concepts, cost behaviour cost classification and cost flows, material, labour, factory overhead costing, marginal costing, standard costing and variance analysis. OBJECTIVE To provide the students with an appropriate knowledge of Cost and Management Accounting to enable them to: nderstand basic concept of Management Accounting, U pply cost methods and techniques for preparing and a presenting information for decision-making and cost control. OUTCOMES On completion of this course, students should be able to: nderstand cost concepts, cost behaviours, cost flow and u classification, o analyse and calculate product cost under different t costing system i.e. process costing, job order costing, and service costing, nderstand and explain material, labour, factory u overhead costing and control, alculate and interpret material, labour, overheads c variances,

SEMESTER - 2

INDICATIVE GRID PART SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA THE NATURE, SOURCE AND PURPOSE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION 1 Introduction to costing and performance measurement 2 Introduction to management accounting A 3 Sources of data 4 Cost classification 5 Cost behavior ELEMENTS OF COSTING & COST BOOKKEEPING 6 Accounting for Materials 7 Accounting for Labour 8 Accounting for Overheads COST ACCOUNTING TECHNIQUES AND METHODS 9 Absorption and marginal costing 10 Job, Batch and Service costing 11 Process costing 12 Process costing, joint products and by-products STANDARD COSTING 13 Standard costing 14 Variance analysis TOTAL

WEIGHTAGE

20%

20%

40%

20% 100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination. RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE CIMA, UK Study Text Relevant Study Text Cost Accounting Costing Management Accounting performance Evaluation Management and Cost Accounting CORE READINGS AUTHOR ----Milton F. Usry / Lawrence Hammer / Adolph Matz T. Lucy PBP

BPP Kaplan Publishing Cengage Learning

PUBLISHER

South Western / Thomson Professional Business Publications, Lahore.

Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis

ADDITIONAL READING Colin Drury Cengage Learning Charles T. Horngren / Srikant M. Datar / Prentice Hall / Pearson / Financial Times George Foster

SEMESTER 2
BUSINESS MATHEMATICS & STATISTICAL INFERENCE [BL-202]
INTRODUCTION This course comprises basic concepts and techniques of mathematics & statistics. A thorough knowledge in the areas of basic mathematics and presentation of data, is an essential skill for management accountant. The management accountant should understand statistical concepts, because of the need to estimate the uncertainties of business decisions. This course also gives basic understanding of mathematical techniques applied for, forecasting in corporate planning and Financial Management. OBJECTIVES To provide the students with the basic knowledge of mathematics and statistics to enable them to: se and interpret mathematical and statistical methods, u and PART A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 resent the results of quantitative nature, in a suitable p form for taking business decisions. OUTCOMES On completion of this course, students should be able to: escribe and demonstrate the use of mathematical and d statistical techniques, nderstand the proper use of formulae and equations, u et acquainted with the use of derivate, g escribe and apply financial mathematical techniques, d escribe reasonableness in the computation of answer, d omprehend and apply techniques for summarising and c analysing data, escribe and demonstrate the use of probability, in case d of involvement of risk and uncertainty, escribe and demonstrate forecasting techniques. d WEIGHTAGE 40%

SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA Basic Mathematical Techniques Formulae and Equations Derivatives Compounding and Discounting Basic Investment Appraisal Data and Information Collection and Presentation of data Averages Dispersion Correlation and Linear Regression Index numbers Probability Normal distribution Estimation & Testing Sampling & Sampling Frequency Distribution Forecasting - Time series TOTAL

60%

100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination. RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE CIMA, UK Study Text Relevant Study Text Introduction to Statistics CORE READINGS AUTHOR ----Ronald E. Walpole

Quantitative Techniques Terry Lucy Applied Mathematics for Business, Economics Frank S. Budnick & the Social Sciences. ADDITIONAL READING Statistics for Economics and Management Quantitative Analysis for Management Statistics: Concepts and Methods Business Mathematics

PUBLISHER BPP Kaplan Publishing Macmillan Publishing Co. Cengage Learning McGraw-Hill

Hamid A. Hakeem Meyari Matbooaat, Karachi. Barry Render / Ralph M. Stair / Jr. Michael Prentice Hall / Pearson / Financial Times E. Hanna / T. N. Badri Farooq Kitab Ghar, 32-33 Urdu Bazar, Syed Khursheed Alam Karachi. Mirza Muhammad Hassan / Farooq Kitab Ghar, 32-33 Urdu Bazar, Muhammad Ali Mirza Karachi.

COMMERCIAL LAWS AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS [LA-203]

INTRODUCTION This course is designed to focus on the important topics of Business Laws, governing the operational aspects of business. A thorough study of this course will develop students knowledge about the legal system of Pakistan as well as role of professional ethics in business. OBJECTIVE To provide the students with a knowledge of business laws and professional ethics enabling them to: formulate various business plans helpful for operational and long-term decisions-making, advise the management on the financial and nonfinancial implications of business laws, for the effective operations of the business. understand the importance of ethics to business generally and to professional accountants, OUTCOMES On completion of this course, students should be able to: identify and describe the sources of business laws, identify and explain various aspects of contracts such as communication, acceptance and revocation of proposals, essentials of valid contract performance, INDICATIVE GRID PART A discharge, breach of contract and damages for breach of contract, contract of bailment, contract of indemnity and guarantee, understand the contract of agency and right and liabilities of agents and principal, explain the various laws and provisions contained in the sale of goods Act, 1930, partnership Act, 1932 & Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881, identify and explain the provisions enunciated in Industrial Relations Act, 2008, Workmens Compensation Act, 1923 and West Pakistan Industrial and Commercial Employment (Standing Order) Ordinance, 1968, get acquainted with Social Security Ordinance 1965, EOBI Act, 1997 a nd PPRA Rule s, understand the importance of personal and professional ethics in business environment, explain the need for ICMAP members to adopt the highest standard of professional ethics, identify the situations where conflicts of interest occur and explain how these conflicts are resolved.

SEMESTER - 2

COMMERCIAL LAWS: 1. Introduction to Legal System of Pakistan 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. The Contract Act, 1872 Sales of Good Act, 1930 Partnership Act, 1932 Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881

SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA

WEIGHTAGE 10%

50%

Industrial Relations Act, 2008 West Pakistan Industrial and Commercial Employment (Standing Order) Ordinance, 1968 Factories Act, 1934/Workmans Compensation Act, 1923 Social Security Ordinance, 1965

15%

10. EOBI Act, 1997 (Employees old age benefit) 11. PPRA Rules (Public Procurement Regulatory Authority) PROFESSIONAL ETHICS: 12. Importance of Ethics 13. Persona l Ethic s 14. Professional Ethics 15. ICMAPs E thical Guideline s 16. Ethical Conflict TOTAL

5%

20%

100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS Bare Acts Business Law TITLE

Mercantile Law

CORE READINGS AUTHOR Govt. of Pakistan Khalid Mehmood Cheema Luqman Baig Government of Pakistan IFAC/SAFA M. Shafi / P. Shafi

PPRA Rules Handbook of the Code of ethics Labour Code

PUBLISHER Publications Division, Govt. of Pakistan. Syed Mobin Mahmud & Co. Ghanzanfar Academy Pakistan, 30, Urdu Bazar Karachi Government of Pakistan / www.ppra.org.pk IFAC/SAFA PLD: Bureau of Labour Publications.

BL-302 BL-303

AF-301

Financial Accounting

SEMESTER-3

Enterprise Management

Information Systems and I.T. Audit

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING [AF-301]

INTRODUCTION This course is designed to concentrate on preparation of financial statements, evaluation and interpretation of financial analysis under different business situations. This will help management to take appropriate decision on the basis of financial comments and recommendations of management accountant. OBJECTIVE To provide the students with a thorough knowledge of advanced aspects of financial accounting to enable them to: elect and apply appropriate accounting techniques and s procedures to specific circumstances, and repare, analyse, interpret financial statements of p entities under specific situations. OUTCOMES On completion of this course, students should be able to: escribe the structure and objectives of regulatory d framework and setting of international financial reporting standards; nderstand the meaning of conceptual framework and u GAAP; efine the qualitative characteristics and elements of d financial statements; INDICATIVE GRID PART A repare and present the financial statements according p to IAS1 (revised); escribe the concept and accounting application of d policies related to changes in accounting estimates and errors, revenue recognition related part disclosures, operating segments, non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations, events after the reporting period and provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets; xplain the accounting applications of property, plant e and equipment, government grants, borrowing costs and investment projects; iscuss the concept and accounting applications related d to intangible non-current assets; et acquainted with the accounting treatment of g impairment of assets; escribe and apply the methods of determining a lease d type; repare the cash flow statements; p e aware of the accounting applications of inventories, b construction contracts and share transactions.

SEMESTER - 3

REGULATORY AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 1 The regulatory framework 2 The Conceptual Framework

SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA

WEIGHTAGE 5%

SINGLE COMPANY FINANCIAL ACCOUNTS 3 IAS 1 (Revised) Presentation of Financial statements 4 Reporting Financial Performance 5 Other Reporting 6 Accounting for non-current assets 7 Intangible non-current assets 8 Impairment of Assets 9 Leases 10 Statements of Cash Flows 11 IAS 2 Inventories and Short term WIP 12 IAS 11 Construction Contracts 13 Share Transactions and Financial instruments ACCOUNTING FOR TAXATION 14 IAS 12: Income taxes TOTAL

90%

5% 100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE CIMA, UK Study Text Relevant Study Text

Gripping: IFRS Pakistan Edition Intermediate Accounting

Financial Accounting and Tax Principles

Cathrynne Sowden-Service

CORE READINGS AUTHOR -----

PUBLISHER BPP Kaplan Publishing ICAP/ Lexis Nexis Professional Business Publications, Lahore. John Willey & Sons

Lease Accounting Consolidated Financial Statements Accounting for Construction and Contract and Cash flow Statement

PBP Donald E. Kieso / Jerry J. Weygandt / Terry D. Warfield ADDITIONAL READING Javed H. Zuberi

Petiwala Book Depot, Karachi

INTRODUCTION This course consists of introduction to management, management of relationships, global business environment, operations management, human capital management and marketing management. This will help the students to identify, correlate and apply these concepts to other core subjects of Professional stages for decision-making. OBJECTIVE This course enables the students to: Understand the theoretical approaches of organizational management, understand methods and procedures to manage the employees in organization, understand the techniques for strategic marketing management to promote business, and INDICATIVE GRID PART A

ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT [ML-302]

SEMESTER - 3

understand the different methods and techniques used in operation management.

OUTCOMES On completion of this course, students should be able to: explain the various functional areas of an organization, understand the importance of operation management for management accounting, analyse the tools related to productivity and efficiency in various operational areas of businesses. examine and analyse the problems associated with quality in an organization, evaluate and describe the marketing concepts, marketing plans and business strategies,

INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT 1. Management Definition and Functions 2. Basics of Management Process MANAGEMENT OF RELATIONSHIPS 3. Key concepts in Management 4. Control 5. The financial function; conflict 6. Negotiation and communication 7. Culture GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 8. Social, political and economic context 9. Governance and Regulation

SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA

WEIGHTAGE 10%

25%

10%

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 10. Operations management and its importance for Management Accounting 11. Types of production 12. Plant maintenance 13. Production planning and control 14. Productivity and Efficiency Evaluation 15. Quality Management HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 16. Human Resource Management 17. Human Resource Practices MARKETING MANAGEMENT 18. Marketing and business strategy 19. Marketing plans, branding and communications 20. Developments in marketing TOTAL

25%

10%

20% 100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE CIMA, UK Study Text Relevant Study Text Management Principles of Marketing Organizational Management and Information Systems PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge) Management

CORE READINGS AUTHOR ----Stephen P. Robins / Mary Coulter Philip Kotler / Gary Armstrong PBP Project Management Institute

BPP Kaplan Publishing Prentice Hall / Pearson / Financial Times Prentice Hall / Pearson / Financial Times Project Management Institute

PUBLISHER

Professional Business Publications, Lahore.

International Management

James A. F. Stoner / Edward Freeman / Prentice Hall / Pearson / Financial Times Daniel Gilbert, Jr ADDITIONAL READINGS Fred Luthans McGraw-Hill

INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND IT AUDIT [ML-303]

INTRODUCTION This course deals with management of security of the systems, and is designed to focus on tools and techniques of information systems and application of knowledge to I.T. Audit. OBJECTIVE To provide the students with a detailed knowledge of Information System and I.T. Audit to enabling them to: esign and develop information system to improve the d performance of organisations, and pply conceptual approach of information systems to I.T. a Audit. OUTCOMES On completion of this course, students should be able to: emonstrate an understanding of the complexity of d managing security in electronic systems, dentify and assess the critical threats to information i systems, erform preliminary security audit of information p systems and apply skills to a security incident, and pply the most effective information systems audit, a control and security practices.

SEMESTER - 3

INDICATIVE GRID PART SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA INFORMATION SYSTEMS 1. Emerging Technology in E-Business 2. Infrastructure and Operations A 3. Information and Databases 4. Systems acquisition / development process IT AUDIT 5. The Process of Auditing IS 6. Governance and Management of IT 7. Auditing Infrastructure and Operations 8. Auditing Systems acquisition / development process 9. Information Security Management 10. Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery TOTAL

WEIGHTAGE 50%

50%

100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination. RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE Information Systems: The Foundation of ESteven Alter Business Decision Modelling with Microsoft Excel CISA Review Manual Introduction to Information System Practical IT Auditing CISA

CORE READINGS AUTHOR

Prentice Hall / Pearson / Financial Times Prentice Hall / Pearson / Financial Times Information Systems Audit and Control Associations, Inc. McGraw-Hill

PUBLISHER

Jeffrey H. Moore / Larry R. Weatherford ADDITIONAL READINGS James O Brien Jack Champlain

Warren Gorham & Lamont RIA Group

SEMESTER-4
AF-401 LA-402 LA-403 Management Accounting Business Taxation Corporate Laws and Secretarial Practices

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING [AF-401]

INTRODUCTION This course is designed to focus on planning and decisionmaking techniques used for raising short-term finance and investing in the project. OBJECTIVE To provide the students with a detailed knowledge of Cost and Management Accounting, to enable them to: use the present and traditional approaches of cost accounting in different contexts, and apply the cost and management accounting techniques, and evaluate the desired results in the light of the outcomes. OUTCOMES INDICATIVE GRID PART A On completion of this course, students should be able to: make forecasts, prepare budgets including functional budgets, mater budgets and flexible budgets, use the standard costing, calculate, analyse, interpret and reconcile the variances, get acquainted with the different project appraisal methods, use the cost analyses techniques like break-even etc., apply the modern costing techniques including activity based costing, throughput and back flush accounting and environmental costing, manage short-term finance.

SEMESTER - 4

FORECASTING AND BUDGETING TECHNIQUES 1. Forecasts 2. Budgeting

SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA

WEIGHTAGE 15%

STANDARD COSTING AND VARIANCE ANALYSIS 3. Standard Costing 4. Variance Analysis, Interpretation and Profit Reconciliation PROJECT APPRAISAL METHODS 5. Capital Investment decisions 6. DCF techniques of investment appraisal 7. Taking account of taxation and inflation 8. Additional aspects of investment decision making COST ANALYSIS 9. Break Even Analysis 10. Limiting factor Analysis 11. Marginal Cost Analysis MODERN COSTING TECHNIQUES 12. Activity Based Costing 13. Throughput and Back flush Accounting 14. Environmental costing MANAGING SHORT-TERM FINANCE 15. Working Capital Management 16. Cash flow forecasts 17. Cash Management 18. Receivables & Payables Management 19. Inventory Management TOTAL

15%

25%

15%

10%

20%

100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE CIMA, UK Study Text Relevant Study Text Managerial Accounting Management and Cost Accounting Management Accounting Performance Evaluation Financial Management Theory and Practice Managerial Accounting Cost Accounting

CORE READINGS AUTHOR ----Ray H. Garrison / Eric W. Noreen Colin Drury PBP Eugene F Brigham / Michal C. Ehrardt ADDITIONAL READING Ronald W. Hilton Charles T. Horngren, Srikant M. Datar, & George Foster Milton F. Usry / Lawrence Hammer / Adolph Matz

PUBLISHER BPP Kaplan Publishing McGraw-Hill Cengage Learning South Western / Thomson McGraw-Hill

Professional Business Publications, Lahore.

Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis

Prentice Hall / Pearson / Financial Times South Western / Thomson

BUSINESS TAXATION [LA-402]

INTRODUCTION This course covers Income Tax Ordinance, 2001, the Income Tax Rules, 2002 and other Tax Laws such as the Sales Tax Act, 1990, Customs Act, 1969 and Federal Excise Act and Rules, 2005, as amended to date. OBJECTIVES To provide the students with an in-depth knowledge of Tax Laws, enabling them to apply in decision-making process in different business situations. OUTCOMES On completion of this course, students should be able to: dentify and interpret principal types of taxation, such as i direct taxes on individuals, income, business individuals, Association of persons, registered and unregistered firms and companies, trading profit and capital gains, INDICATIVE GRID PART A and indirect taxes such as sales tax, customs duty and central excise duty, escribe features of the direct and indirect taxes, d escribe record-keeping, filing and tax payment d requirements of principal types of taxation, relating to business, ompute for recommendations to the management on c issues, pertaining to tax liabilities of company or firm, arising from income generation and capital gains, ompute and advise on tax liabilities of individuals, c arising from income receipts, capital gains, business or professions and other sources, and dentify foreign tax obligations, situations and apply i appropriate methods for relieving from such tax.

SEMESTER - 4

INCOME TAX 1. Income Tax Ordinance 2001 2. Income Tax Rules 2002

SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA

WEIGHTAGE 60%

SALES TAX 3. Sales Tax Act 1990 4. Sales Tax Rules 5. Sales Tax Special Procedures INDIRECT TAX 6. Customs Act, 1969 7. Capital Value Tax 8. Federal Excise Act and Rules, 2005 TOTAL

30%

10% 100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination. RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE CORE READINGS AUTHOR

Complete Income Tax Law (Latest Edition) Sheikh Asif Salam Tax Laws of Pakistan Huzaima Bukhari / Dr. Ikramul Haq Sales Tax, 1990 Tariq Najeeb Choudhry Central Excise Act, 1944 and Rules Customs Act, 1969 Synopsis of Taxes in Pakistan Tariq Najeeb Choudhry ---

S. A. Salam Publications, Lahore. Lahore Law Publications. Tariq Najeeb Corporation, Lahore. Tariq Najeeb Corporation, Lahore. Government of Pakistan. IBP Publications, Lahore.

PUBLISHER

Mirza Munawar Hussain

CORPORATE LAWS AND SECRETARIAL PRACTICES [LA-403]

INTRODUCTION This course deals with the theoretical and practical approach to the Companies Ordinance 1984, the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan Act 1997, Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan Regulations 2000, Companies (Issuance of Capital) Rules, 1996, Companies Share Capital (Variation Rights and Privileges) Rules, 2000, Companies (Buy-Back of Shares) Rules, 1999, Companies (Asset Backed Securitization) Rules, 1999, Single Member Companies Rules 2003, Code of Corporate Governance, Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility) General Order, 2009 and Voluntary Guidelines, 2012, Modaraba Companies and Modaraba (Floatation and Control) Ordinance, 1980 , Modaraba Companies and Modaraba Rules 1981, NonBanking Finance Companies (Establishment & Regulation) INDICATIVE GRID PART Rules 2003 and Non-Banking Finance Companies and Notified Entities Regulations 2007 and secretarial practices. OBJECTIVE To provide the students with a thorough knowledge of Corporate Laws and Secretarial Practices to enable them to: advise and assist the management for taking appropriate and prompt decision, and carry out secretarial work more effectively. OUTCOMES On completion of the course students will be able to deal with the practical implementation of the laws/rules and regulations prescribed in the Syllabus.

SEMESTER - 4

COMPANIES ORDINANCE AND RELATED LAWS AND REGULATIONS 1. Companies Ordinance 1984 2. SECP Ordinance 1969; SECP Act 1997; SECP (Conduct of Business) Regulation 2000 with SECP Policy Board Regulation 2000 3. Companies (Issuance of Capital) Rules, 1996 4. Companies Share Capital (Variation Rights and Privileges) Rules, 2000 5. Companies (Buy-Back of Shares) Rules, 1999 6. Companies (Asset Backed Securitization) Rules, 1999 7. Single Member Companies Rules 2003 8. Code of Corporate Governance 9. Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility) General Order, 2009 and Voluntary Guidelines, 2012 SPECIAL COMPANIES 10. Modaraba Companies and Modaraba (Floatation and Control) Ordinance, 1980 11. Modaraba Companies and Modaraba Rules 1981 12. Non-Banking Finance Companies (Establishment & Regulation) Rules 2003 13. Non-Banking Finance Companies and Notified Entities Regulations 2007 SECRETARIAL PRACTICES TOTAL

SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA

WEIGHTAGE

70%

B C

10% 20% 100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination. RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE

CORE READINGS AUTHOR Nazir Ahmed Shaheen SECP SECP Zaka Ali ADDITIONAL READINGS

Practical Approach to Companies Ordinance, 1984 Manual of Corporate Governance SECP Website

Federal Law House, H/136 Muree Road, Committee Chowk, Rawalpindi SECP, Islamabad. www.secp.org.pk

PUBLISHER

The Companies Ordinance, 1984 with Rules and Regulations (Latest)

The Ideal Publishers

AF-501 Advanced Financial Accounting and Corporate Reporting LA-502 Risk management and Audit AF-503 Strategic Financial Management

SEMESTER-5

SEMESTER 5

ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING & CORPORATE REPORTING [AF-501]

INTRODUCTION This course is designed to focus on preparing, analysing financial statements and developing reports thereon, for management decisions. The students are expected to use knowledge and understanding of more advanced financial accounting, for preparing and interpreting financial statements in context of practice. OBJECTIVE To provide the students with an in-depth knowledge of financial reporting enabling them to: nalyse and interpret financial statements and prepare a financial reports, and ubmit recommendations to the management for taking s decision. OUTCOMES On completion of this course, students should be able to: dentify categories of users of financial reports and i describe the importance of financial reporting, valuate the uses of international regulatory framework, e including international standards of accounting and INDICATIVE GRID PART SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA auditing and comparative accounting systems and analysis in financial reporting, repare group financial statements, in accordance with p the requirements of the Companies Ordinance 1984, International Accounting Standards and IFAC Guidelines, nalyse, interpret and report on financial statements a (including cash flow statements) and related information to different groups of users, and omprehend how non-controlling interests inter group c trading etc are group accounts, nderstand how associates ad joint ventures are shown u in the group accounts, et acquainted with complex groups and business g combinations with sub-subsidiaries and their accounting treatment in the group accounts, e aware of accounting treatment of foreign currencies b in the individual and group accounts, et acquainted with the development made in financial g reporting all over the world, nderstand the non-financial reporting and different u ways of reporting it.

MATTERS RELATED TO RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT 1. Substance over form 2. Financial instruments 3. Employee benefits 4. Share-based payments 5. Asset valuation and Changing prices GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 6. Introduction to group accounting 7. Consolidated statement of financial position 8. Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 9. IAS 27,IFRS 10, IFRS 3 (Revised), IFRS 13 10. Effect of Non-controlling interests 11. Acquisition of a Subsidiary during its accounting period 12. Consolidated Statement of comprehensive income 13. Consolidated Statement of changes in Equity 14. Associates and Joint ventures COMPLEX GROUP TOPICS 15. Changes in group structures 16. Complex group structures 17. Foreign currency 18. Group statements of cash flows PERFORMANCE REPORTING 19. Ratios and trend analysis 20. Earnings per share IAS, 33 21. Segment reporting IFRS, 8

WEIGHTAGE

20%

30%

25%

15%

EXTERNAL REPORTING 22. Advancement in Financial Reporting 23. Advancement in Non-Financial Reporting

10% TOTAL 100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE CIMA, UK Study Text Relevant Study Text Intermediate Accounting

Modern Advanced Accounting McGraw-Hill Financial Analysis Professional Business Publications, Lahore. Companies Ordinance, 1984 P.L.D. Publishers Lahore. International Financial Reporting Standards / International Accounting Standards Board IFRS foundation IASs Gripping: IFRS Pakistan Edition Cathrynne Sowden-Service ICAP/ Lexis Nexis

AUTHOR ----Donald E. Kieso / Jerry J. Weygandt / Terry D. Warfield E. John Larsen PBP Govt. of Pakistan.

CORE READINGS

BPP Kaplan Publishing

PUBLISHER

John Willey & Sons

RISK MANAGEMENT & AUDIT [LA-502]

INTRODUCTION This course comprises conventional audit, cost audit, and is designed to focus on risks involved in operations and production areas, and to provide safety to business from such risks. OBJECTIVE To provide the students an in-depth knowledge of risk management, financial audit and cost audit to enable them to: onduct audit effectively, and c dentify and advise management to take appropriate i remedial actions in those areas where major risks are involved. OUTCOMES On completion of this course, students should be able to: dentify, evaluate and manage different types of risks, i xplain audit and other assurance engagements, e INDICATIVE GRID PART A efine objectives and scope of audit and describe the d conceptual approach of auditing and evaluate and manage these risks, etermine legal and ethical considerations relating to d the appointment and removal of auditor, raw up audit planning and determine quantum of d audit work to be carried out in view of significant business risks, etermine role and importance of internal control, d etermine status of internal control and internal audit d for deciding quantum by audit work to be conducted, pply audit techniques and procedures, a escribe documentation and evidence of audit work, d repare an audit report, keeping in view types of p qualifications, escribe nature, objectives, functions, scope, planning d and procedures of cost audit, escribe Cost Accounting Records Rules, and d xplain audit of material, labour and overhead costs. e WEIGHTAGE 20% 5% 10% 10% 10% 15% 5% 10% 15% TOTAL 100%

SEMESTER 5

RISK MANAGEMENT 1. Risk Management

SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA

PART B2: 3. Planning and risk assessment General Principles and Responsibilities 4. Risk Assessment and Response to Assessed Risk 5. Internal Control 6. Internal Audit 7. Audit Evidence 8. Collecting Audit Evidence 9. Using the Work of Others PART B3: 10. Audit Conclusions and Reporting PART B4: 11. Cost Audit

AUDITING PART B1: 2. Audit framework and Regulation

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination. RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE CORE READINGS AUTHOR ----David McNamee

CIMA, UK Study Text Relevant Study Text Business Risk Assessment Handbook of International Quality Control, Auditing, Review, Other Assurance, and Related IFAC / ICAP Services Pronouncements ADDITIONAL READINGS Practical Auditing (Latest) Advanced Auditing (Latest) Javid H. Zuberi Prof. Dr. Khawaja Amjad Saeed

PUBLISHER BPP Kaplan Publishing The Institute of Internal Auditors IFAC / ICAP Petiwala Book Depot, Karachi Khawaja Publications

INTRODUCTION This course is designed to focus on the theoretical and practical aspects of financial management. The course contains tools and techniques of financial management, which can be applied in the specific area of business, to manage operating, financing and investing activities.

STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT [AF-503]

SEMESTER 5

OBJECTIVE To provide the students with an in-depth knowledge of strategic financial management enabling them to: nderstand and apply strategic approach of financial u management, ormulating financial strategy considering economic F and financial constraints, xamine the financial goals and policy of the e business for proper application, and evelop financial plan to manage various financial d activities of business. OUTCOMES On completion of this course, students should be able to: dentify the objectives of the business in financial i terms and evaluate their attainment, dentify various financial techniques and describe i their applications, eview the financial statements of the business and r evaluate the financial position, INDICATIVE GRID PART A

evelop financial plan to control short and long-term d finances, dentify and evaluate working capital position, in the i light of policy, and recommend to manage it properly, alculate and evaluate the cost of capital, c evelop and evaluate capital budgeting and d recommend methods of funding investments, uggest capital structure, s xplain the criteria that management uses to e determine whether profit should be reinvested or paid out as dividends, utline the factors to be considered in the o development of dividend policy, escribe how to manage financial risks of proposals d for mergers and acquisitions, escribe the procedures for transfer of money from d one country to another, escribe the procedures for foreign exchange d control in business, xplain various steps involved in mergers & e acquisitions & corporate restructuring, dentify and evaluate the financial and strategic i implications

SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA FORMULATION OF FINANCIAL STRATEGY 1. Objectives of organizations 2. Constraints on Financial Strategy 3. Forecasting and Analysis 4. Financial Strategies FINANCING DECISIONS 5. Equity finance 6. Debt finance 7. Leasing 8. The cost of capital 9. The capital structure 10. Treasury Management INVESTMENT DECISIONS AND PROJECT CONTROL 11. Investment appraisal techniques 12. International investment 13. Specific investment appraisal scenarios 14. Control of investment projects 15. Business valuations 16. Amalgamations and restructuring TOTAL

WEIGHTAGE 10%

45%

45%

100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE CIMA, UK Study Text Relevant Study Text Financial Management and Policy Financial Management

AUTHOR ----James C. Van Horne I.M. Pandey

CORE READINGS

PUBLISHER BPP Kaplan Publishing. Prentice Hall / Pearson / Financial Times Vikas Publishing House Professional Business Publications, Lahore.

Management Accounting Financial Strategy PBP

Financial Management: Theory and Practice Eugene F. Brigham / Michael C. Ehrhardt South Western / Thomson Financial Management M.Y Khan / P.K Jain ADDITIONAL READING Tata Mc-Graw-Hill

AF-601 Strategic Management Accounting BL-603 Strategic Management

SEMESTER-6

AF-602 Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING [AF-601]

INTRODUCTION This course is designed to focus on the identification and application of management accounting techniques for decision-making in a specific area. This course also enable the management accountant to identify the deviation during performance measurement of cost centres, revenue and profit centres for taking remedial action of the management. OBJECTIVE To provide the students with an in-depth knowledge of management accounting, to enable them to: pply management accounting techniques for analysing the a information, and presenting it to management for decisionmaking and control purposes, and ormulate strategic plans for achieving efficiency and f effectiveness in the operation of business. OUTCOMES On completion of this course, students should be able to: se different cost planning, cost analysis and cost u management techniques like Life Cycle Costing, Activity Base Costing (ABC), Just-in-time (JIT), Total Quality Management and Supply Chain Management, INDICATIVE GRID PART A dentify and make effective use of relevant cost, i ake short- term decision like acceptance/rejection of t contracts, Make or buy decisions and allocation of joint costs, et acquaint with risk and uncertainty in decision g making, probability analysis and expected values, Decision trees and Sensitivity analysis se effectively the linear programming technique for u determination of the best use of available resources for profit and revenue maximising, evelop cost management information to facilitate the d principal management function and strategic management, enerate information on the basis of pricing decision and g pricing strategies like demand base pricing, full cost pricing and marginal cost-plus/Mark-up pricing, et acquainted with budgetary control, g se performance evaluation techniques like balanced u score record, easure the performance in divisionalised businesses. m et acquainted with transfer pricing. G

SEMESTER 6

COST PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND TECHNIQUES 1. Cost Planning 2. Cost Analysis 3. Cost Management Techniques 4. Externally Oriented Cost Management Techniques PRICING AND PRODUCT DECISIONS 5. Relevant Costs 6. Short-term decisions 7. Risk and uncertainty 8. Linear programming: the graphical method 9. Linear programming: the simplex method 10. Multi-product breakeven analysis 11. Pricing decisions and pricing strategies

SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA

WEIGHTAGE 25%

40%

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND RESPONSIBILITY CENTRE 12. Budgetary Control 13. Performance Evaluation 14. Measuring performance in divisionalised businesses 15. Transfer pricing TOTAL

35% 100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE CIMA, UK Study Text Relevant Study Text Managerial Accounting Management Accounting Decision-Making Introduction to Management Accounting Cost Accounting-A Managerial Emphasis Managerial Accounting

CORE READINGS AUTHOR ----Ray H. Garrison & Eric W. Noreen PBP Charls T. Horngren / Gary L. Sundem / William O. Stratton Charles T. Horngren / George Foster / Srikant M. Datar Ronald W. Hilton

PUBLISHER BPP Kaplan Publishing South Western Professional Business Publications

Prentice Hall /Pearson / Financial Times Prentice Hall /Pearson / Financial Times McGraw - Hill

INVESTMENT ANALYSIS AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT [AF-602]

INTRODUCTION This course provides a broad overview of the theory of financial markets and investment management, focusing on the application of finance theory to the issue faced by portfolio managers and investors in general. Topics will include equity investment, and fixed income investment in various markets in the case of individual securities and issues related to portfolio optimization and performance evaluation. This also deals with the risk management instruments (derivatives) used to manage the risk in financial markets. It also provides the extensive idea about general portfolio management tools which are applicable when managing portfolios with various asset classes. OBJECTIVE The main objectives of this course are: o provide a theoretical and practical background in the t field of investments. esigning and managing the bond as well as equity d portfolios. verview of options. o easurement and evaluation of portfolio performance. m INDICATIVE GRID 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. verview of investors behavior. o OUTCOMES After taking this course, the students will be able to: escribe and to analyze the investment environment, d different types of investment vehicles; nderstand and to explain the logic of investment u process and the contents of its each stage; se the quantitative methods for investment decision u making to calculate risk and expected return of various investment tools and the investment portfolio; istinguish concepts of portfolio theory and apply its d principals in the process of investment portfolio formation; nalyze and to evaluate relevance of stocks, bonds, a options for the investments; nderstand the psychological issues in investment u decision making; ifferentiate between active and passive investment d strategies. istinguish between required return and desired return. d nderstand the port folio performance measures U

SEMESTER 6

SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA Investment environment and investment management process Quantitative methods of investment analysis Theory for investment portfolio formation Investment in stocks Investment in bonds Psychological aspects in investment decision making Using options as investments Portfolio management and evaluation TOTAL

WEIGHTAGE 10% 15%

15% 15% 15% 10% 5%

15% 100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination. RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE CIMA, UK Study Text Relevant Study Text Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management ---

Prasanna Chandra CFA Texts

CORE READINGS AUTHOR -----

PUBLISHER BPP Kaplan Publishing Tata McGraw-Hill Education, ---

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT [BL-603]

INTRODUCTION This course of Strategic Management has been designed in a lively and user friendly manner and presents a rich and comprehensive examination of strategic management concepts and tools. OBJECTIVE This text enable the students to identifying and resolve the key issues related to strategic management. INDICATIVE GRID PART A OUTCOMES On completion of this course, students will be able to: Explain strategic management level and concepts, Explain business strategy and strategy development and objectives, Identify the different types of strategies, Implement strategic planning in different areas, and Implement strategic controls and changes in organization. WEIGHTAGE 15%

SEMESTER 6

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT 1. Nature and Scope of Strategic Management 2. Strategy: Introducti on, Leve ls and Concepts 3. General and Competitive environment INTERACTING WITH THE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT 4. Business strategy and strategy development 5. Stakeholders and corporate objectives STRATEGY DEVELOPMEN T AND STRATEGIC OPTIONS 6. Strategic decision making 7. Resource audit 8. Generic strategies 9. Directions a nd methods of gr owth 10. Evaluating strategic options 11. Strategic marketing 12. Information systems and strategy 13. Issues in strategic management CHANGE MANAGEMENT 14. Organizational c hange 15. Implementing change IMPLEMEN TING S TRATEGIC PLANS 16. Strategic control 17. Enterprise performance management TOTAL

SYLLABUS CONTENT AREA

15%

45%

10%

15% 100%

Note: The weightage shown against each section indicates, study time required for the topics in that section. This weightage does not necessarily specify the number of marks to be allocated to that section in the examination. RECOMMENDED BOOKS TITLE CIMA, UK Study Text Relevant Study Text Management and Cost Accounting

CORE READINGS AUTHOR -----

Management Accounting Business Strategy Strategic Management Concepts & Cases Strategic Management

Colin Drury PBP

BPP Kaplan Publishing Cengage Learning

PUBLISHER

Fred R. David ADDITIONAL READING Leslie W. Rue / Phyllis G. Hollan

Professional Business Publications, Lahore Prentice Hall /Pearson / Financial Times McGraw-Hill