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12 Online PotentialFlow3

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Satyam Acharya

Potential flow can be analyzed using complex variables and functions. - The governing equations for incompressible, inviscid, irrotational 2D flow are satisfied when the complex velocity W(z) and potential F(z) are analytic functions of position z. - A complex variable z allows the two real coordinates x and y to be represented by a single variable, simplifying the governing equations. - Key relations include the Cauchy-Riemann conditions, which relate the real and imaginary parts of a complex function. Satisfying these is equivalent to satisfying Laplace's equation.

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12 Online PotentialFlow3

Uploaded by

Satyam Acharya
51 views9 pages
Potential flow can be analyzed using complex variables and functions. - The governing equations for incompressible, inviscid, irrotational 2D flow are satisfied when the complex velocity W(z) and potential F(z) are analytic functions of position z. - A complex variable z allows the two real coordinates x and y to be represented by a single variable, simplifying the governing equations. - Key relations include the Cauchy-Riemann conditions, which relate the real and imaginary parts of a complex function. Satisfying these is equivalent to satisfying Laplace's equation.

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Potential flow can be analyzed using complex variables and functions. - The governing equations for incompressible, inviscid, irrotational 2D flow are satisfied when the complex velocity W(z) and potential F(z) are analytic functions of position z. - A complex variable z allows the two real coordinates x and y to be represented by a single variable, simplifying the governing equations. - Key relations include the Cauchy-Riemann conditions, which relate the real and imaginary parts of a complex function. Satisfying these is equivalent to satisfying Laplace's equation.

Copyright:

Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
51 views9 pages

12 Online PotentialFlow3

Uploaded by

Satyam Acharya
Potential flow can be analyzed using complex variables and functions. - The governing equations for incompressible, inviscid, irrotational 2D flow are satisfied when the complex velocity W(z) and potential F(z) are analytic functions of position z. - A complex variable z allows the two real coordinates x and y to be represented by a single variable, simplifying the governing equations. - Key relations include the Cauchy-Riemann conditions, which relate the real and imaginary parts of a complex function. Satisfying these is equivalent to satisfying Laplace's equation.

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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Potential Flow

- Class 3 AOE 5104 Advanced Aero- and Hydrodynamics Dr. William Devenport and Leifur Thor Leifsson

2D Steady Ideal Flow


Governing equations
Continuity .V = 0 2 = 0 Bernoulli p + 1 V 2 = const. 2 Irrotationality V = 0 V =

Other results that matter


Circulation must be specified around closed bodies Boundary condition V.n=0 is same as condition on any streamline Kutta-Joukowski theorem (force on a body in undisturbed fluid)
i x dx + j y dy + k z dz F = U b X body Y body Z body
dy bo

U y
U an sp t ni

of

2D

x z
2

2D Flow?

Airfoil Encountering Vortex

Relations for flow in the x, y plane


Independent Variables Dependent Variables Governing Equations

x (x,y) 2=0

y (x,y) 2=0 u(x,y) 2u=0

v(x,y) 2v=0 u/x=-v/y


B

Relationships

/x=/y /y=-/x v/x=u/y

( B) ( A) = C V.es ds
A

( B) ( A) = C V.nds
A

Equipotentials are perpendicular to streamlines

Complex Numbers
A complex number z can ALWAYS be separated into its real x and imaginary iy parts and that separation is UNIQUE. Magnitude =|z|=(x2+y2) Argument (or angle) =arg(z)=arctan(y/x) A single complex variable can be used to represent two real independent variables with the same dimensions. E.g. Coordinates, velocities, streamfunction/potential Any complex variable may be expressed in polar form using the complex exponential. E.g. Coordinates z=x+iy=rcos+irsin=rei. Multiplying two complex numbers/variables together multiplies their magnitudes and adds their angles. Multipication of any complex number by ei is equivalent to rotation about the origin through angle Raising a complex number to a power Position multiplies its argument by that power.
iy

z=x+iy r x -iv
u W= -i v

z = x+iy Complex Velocity W(z) = u-iv 6 Complex Potential F(z) = +i

iy

Complex Functions I

dz? z=x+iy

x A complex function [e.g. F(z), W(z), sin(z), (z)] produces a complex number at every position z. That number can always be split into real and imaginary parts, say (z)=(x,y)+i(x,y) where and are real functions.

Now consider differentiating the function (w.r.t. z), e.g.

Complex Functions II
The derivatives contain no reference to the direction of z so
d = = = i dz x (iy ) y
= i x y

= , x y

= x y

+i = i i.i y x x y

This result is called the CAUCHY RIEMANN CONDITIONS Differentiating these conditions (w.r.t. x or y gives)

2 2 + 2 = 0, 2 x y

2 2 + 2 =0 2 x y

Laplaces Equation

The real and imaginary parts of any differentiable complex function of z are solutions to Laplaces equation ANALYTIC FUNCTION
8

2D Ideal Flow in the Complex Plane


Summary

iy

z=x+iy x

Position: z=x+iy Complex velocity: W(z)=u-iv Complex potential: F(z)=+i As analytic functions W(z) and F(z) automatically satisfy the governing equations and the relations between dependent variables. Also note: W=dF/dz F=Wdz +iQ= Wdz vr-iv =(u-iv)ei = Wei

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