AIDS 101 Basic Knowledge on HIV and AIDS
ERNA A. SAMPIANO, RSW DSWD FOXI
RATIONALE
Pursuant to R.A. 8504 The National AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998. The Civil Service Commission (CSC) made the Announcement No. 21, series of 2010 mandating all government agencies to integrate and implement HIV and AIDS workplace policy and education program.
DOH-NEC HIV CASES
Geographic Distributions
HIV and AIDS
There is a hidden and growing HIV Transmission in the Philippines. 6 cases a day, therefore, we should not be complacent.
What is HIV ?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) - The virus which causes AIDS.
What is AIDS ?
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) A condition characterized by a combination of signs and symptoms, caused by HIV contracted from another which attacks and weakens the bodys immune system, making the afflicted individual susceptible to other life-threatening infections
AIDS HAS TWO FACES
HIV INFECTION Successful entry of Human Immunodeficiency Virus inside the body; no signs or symptoms
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; terminal stage; with signs and symptoms; presence of opportunistic infections
How HIV Affects the Immune System
http://whatnext.tht.org.uk/simplescience/ourimmunesystem/
MODES OF HIVTRANSMISSION: 1. Sexual contact
Contact with infected semen and vaginal fluid through vaginal, anal or oral sex
MMWR, January 21, 2005 / 54(RR02);1-20
4/3/2012
MODES OF HIV TRANSMISSION:
2. Exposure to infected blood and blood Products
Sharing of contaminated needles and syringes by IV drug users (IDUs) Driving force of HIV epidemics in Asian countries In the latest report of the NEC, one IDU was documented to be infected with HIV
4/3/2012
MODES OF HIV TRANSMISSION:
3. Exposure to infected blood and blood Products in the hospital setting
Blood Transfusion
Organ Transplant Accidents in
health care
4/3/2012
MODES OF HIV TRANSMISSION 4. Infected mother to child
During pregnancy
During delivery
During breast feeding
HIV is NOT transmitted thru:
Coughing / Sneezing
Shaking Hands
Sharing Nipper
Eating
Embracing
Dr. Uddin/CHO
Kissing
Using Public Toilet
Swimming pool
Mosquito Bite
Natural History of HIV infection
Viral transmission
2-3 weeks
Acute retroviral syndrome
2-3 weeks
Recovery + seroconversion
4-12 weeks Avg. 8 yrs
Asymptomatic chronic HIV infection
Symptomatic HIV infection /AIDS
Death
Avg. 1.3 yrs
It can take 10-15 years for an HIV-infected person to develop AIDS Antiretroviral drugs can slow down the process even further
4/3/2012
How to monitor HIV in ones body?
CD4 count - normal above 800 - 1050 cells/mm3 The lower the CD4 count, the more severe is the HIV infection Viral Load (HIV RNA) directly measures the number of virus in ones body units: copies/ml The higher the viral load, the more severe the infection
GOALS OF AntiretroViral (ARV) Medicines
slows down the multiplication of HIV lowers the ability of HIV to damage the immune system Restore immunologic function
stabilise or increase in CD4 cell count
Stop disease progression (new infections) Improve of quality of life
Window Period
PLHIV
PLWA
Clinical Stage 1: Persons Living with HIV
Clinical Stage 2: Minor Cutaneous Manifestations Herpes Zooster
4/3/2012
Clinical stage 3: Persistent oral candidiasis
4/3/2012
Clinical Stage 4
Cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma
4/3/2012
Clinical Stage 4
Chronic Herpes Simplex infections
4/3/2012
Testing algorithm for HIV in the Philippines
Screening test: ELISA
Detects presence of antibodies to HIV Accuracy of greater than 99% Almost everyone becomes positive within three months of infection
Confirmatory test : Western blot
4/3/2012
Source: Pinsky and Douglas, The Columbia University Handbook on HIV and AIDS 2003
IKAW BA AY?
Nakikipagtalik ka ba sa isang Positibo
Tumuturok ka ba ng droga?
IKAW BA AY?
Sinalinan ka ba ng dugo?
Maraming katalik?
IKAW BA AY?
Sumuso sa inang positibo?
Mga lalaking nakikipagtalik sa kapwa lalaki?
KUNG GANOON IKAW AY? MAY HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR
Prevention is the key
NO effective vaccine for HIV NO cure for HIV Treatment is lifelong
4/3/2012
ABCDE Prevention of HIV
ABSTINENCE: Do not have
sex. In the case of adolescents, delaying sexual debut (age of first sexual encounter) will help.
BE FAITHFUL/MONOGAMOUSHave ONE sexual partner
Prevention of HIV
CORRECT and consistent use
of CONDOM and safer sex practices
DO NOT inject drugs
Prevention of HIV EDUCATION- Early
diagnosis and treatment of STI/ Education on STIHIV
HOW DO WE DEAL WITH PERSONS WITH HIV?
DO NOT STIGMATIZE THEM.
HOW DO WE DEAL WITH PERSONS WITH HIV?
DO NOT ISOLATE THEM.
HOW DO WE DEAL WITH PERSONS WITH HIV?
CONSIDER THEM A PART OF THE COMMUNITY.
AIDS or HIV infection can be treated but cannot be cured A person with HIV is infectious for life
Anyone can get HIV
You cannot tell who is infected
HIV is preventable
