The World Health Organization (WHO) has produced an analgesic ladder to be used as a guide for prescribing analgesics.
Analgesics are staggered according to pain severity: mild, moderate and severe pain9. If a patient does not experience pain relief on one step of the analgesic ladder, they should progress to the next step.
Mild pain:
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Step 1: Simple analgesics (non-opioid)
Initiate topical and/or simple oral non-opioid analgesics (e.g. paracetamol, NSAIDs) + adjuvant e.g. tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants (pregabalin or gabapentin) for neuropathic pain. Step 2: Weak opioid
Moderate pain:
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Weak opioid (e.g. tramadol, codeine phosphate or dextropropoxyphene) + adjuvant e.g. tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants Step 3: Strong opioid
Severe pain:
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Opioids (e.g. morphine, oxycodone) + adjuvant e.g. tricyclics, anticonvulsants