IS : 803 - 1976

( Reaffirmed 2006 )

Edition 2.1 (1984-11)

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN, FABRICATION AND ERECTION OF VERTICAL MILD STEEL CYLINDRICAL WELDED OIL STORAGE TANKS

( First Revision)
(Incorporating Amendment No.1)

UDC 621.642.3 [669.141.24] : 665.5

© BIS 2003

BUREAU

OF

INDIAN

STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002

Price Group 14

IS : 803 - 1976

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN, FABRICATION AND ERECTION OF VERTICAL MILD STEEL CYLINDRICAL WELDED OIL STORAGE TANKS

( First Revision)
Structural Engineering Sectional Committee, 5MBDC 7
Chairman DIRECTORSTANDARDS (CIVIL) Representing Ministry of Railways

Members SHRI L. N. AGRAWAL Industrial Fasteners Association of India, Calcutta SHRI M. M. MURARKA( Alternate) SHRI A. K. BANERJEE Metallurgical and Engineering Consultants (India) Ltd, Ranchi SHRI S. SANKARAN (Alternate) SHRI P. C. BHASIN Ministry of Shipping & Transport [Department of Transport (Roads Wing)] SHRI A. S. BISHNOI (Alternate) SHRI V. S. BHIDE Central Water Commission, New Delhi DEPUTYDIRECTOR(GATES & DESIGN) (Alternate) DR P. N. CHATTERJEE Government of West Bengal DR P. K. DAS Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CSIR), Durgapur DR P. DAYARATNAM Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur DEPUTY CITY ENGINEER (PLANNINGBombay Municipal Corporation & DESIGN) SHRI G. F. KHAMBATTI Alternate) ( SHRI D. S. DESAI M. N. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta DIRECTOR(MER!) Irrigation & Power Department, Government of Maharashtra RESEARCHOFFICER ( Alternate) DIRECTOR(TCD) Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi SHRI P. V. N. IYENGER(Alternate) EXECUTIVEENGINEER (CENTRAL Central Public Works Department, New Delhi STORESDN No. II) ( Continued © BIS 2003 on page 2 )

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

IS : 803 - 1976
( Continued from page 1) Members Representing SHRI M. M. GHOSH Stewarts & Lloyds of India Pvt Ltd, Calcutta SHRI S. C. GHOSH (Alternate) SHRI A. G. GONSALVES Bridge & Roof Co (India) Ltd, Howrah SHRI S. S. BOSE (Alternate) SHRI G. S. IYER The Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI S. M. GULATEE (Alternate) DR O. P. JAIN Institution of Engineers (India), Calcutta JOINT DIRECTORSTANDARDS & S)Ministry of Railways (B DEPUTYDIRECTOR(B & S) ( Alternate) SHRI OM KHOSLA Electrical Manufacturing Co Ltd, Calcutta SHRI S. N. SINGH ( Alternate) PROF K. D. MAHAJAN Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, Army Headquarters PROF B. V. RAMASWAMY (Alternate) SHRI P. K. MALLICK Jessop & Co Ltd, Calcutta DR S. K. MALLICK Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur SHRI N. V. MANAY Mantons (Bangalore) Pvt Ltd, Bangalore SHRI G. C. MATHUR National Buildings Organisation, New Delhi SHRI K. S. SRINIVASAN (Alternate) SHRI A. K. MITRA Hindustan Steel Ltd, Durgapur SHRI P. K. MUKHERJEE Braithwaite & Co (India) Ltd, Calcutta SHRI P. T. PATEL (Alternate) SHRI R. NARAYANAN Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR), Roorkee SHRI T. N. SUBBARAO Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi DR D. JHONSON VICTOR (Alternate) REPRESENTATIVE Burn & Co Ltd, Howrah SHRI A. P. KAYAL(Alternate) REPRESENTATIVE Public Works Department, Government of West Bengal, Calcutta REPRESENTATIVE Richardson & Cruddas Ltd, Bombay SHRI P. V. NAIK (Alternate) PROF P. K. SOM Jadavpur University, Calcutta SUPERINTENDINGENGINEER Government of Tamil Nadu (PLANNING& DESIGN CIRCLE) EXECUTIVEENGINEER (BUILDING CENTRE DIVISION) (Alternate) SHRI M. D. TAMBEKAR Bombay Port Trust, Bombay SHRI K. VEERARAGHVACHARY Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Tiruchirapalli SHRI S. N. VOHRA Inspection Wing, Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals (Ministry of Industry & Civil Supplies) SHRI S. N. BASU ( Alternate) SHRI L. D. WADHWA Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi SHRI B. B. NAG (Alternate) SHRI C. R. RAMARAo, Director General, lSI ( Ex-officio Member) Director (Struc & Met) Secretary SHRI S. S. SETHI Director (Struc & Met), lSI ( Continued on page 3 )

Assistant

IS : 803 - 1976
( Continued from page 2 )

Panel for Mild Steel Tanks for Storage of Oils and Design and Construction of Floating Roofs of Open Tanks for Oil Storage, 5MBDC 7/P-l
Members Representing SHRI S. K. HAZRA Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi SHRI A. S. MANGAT(Alternate) SHRI V. JAMBUNATHAN Indian Refineries Ltd, New Delhi SHRI C. O. KESWANI Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd, Bombay SHRI V. H. KHAKHAR Caltex (India) Ltd, Bombay SHRI M. BALAKRISHNA (Alternate) SHRI R. V. RAGHAVAN Vijay Tanks & Vessels Pvt Ltd, Bombay SHRI T. K. RAMANATHAN Triveni Structurals Ltd, Allahabad SHRI V. R. K. MURTHY( Alternate) SHRI A. P. RAO Bharat Heavy Plate & Vessels Ltd, Visakhapatnam SHRI V. S. PRASADARAo (Alternate) SHRI M. RAMARAO Indian Oil Corporation, Bombay SHRI S. K. SANGAR(Alternate) SHRI P. C. SILAICHIA Bharat Refineries Ltd, Bombay SHRI K. S. SUBBANA(Alternate)

IS : 803 - 1976

CONTENTS

o. FOREWORD
1. SCOPE 2. DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS 3. GENERAL 4. MATERIALS 5. PERMISSIBLE STRESSES 6. DESIGN 6.1 Foundation 6.2 Design of Bottom Plates 6.3 Design of Shell Plates 6.4 Designs of Roof 6.5 Floating Roof 7. ApPURTENANCES AND MOUNTINGS 8. SHOP FABRICATION AND INSPECTION 9. SITE ERECTION 10. SITE WELDING 11. RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECTION OF SHELL JOINTS 12. TESTING OF TANKS 12.1 Bottom Testing 12.2 Shell Testing 12.3 Fixed Roof Testing 12.4 Repair of Leaks
APPENDIX A INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED BY PURCHASER APPENDIX B ALTERNATE DESIGN FOR TANK SHELLS APPENDIX C VENT SIZING FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND Low PRESSURE TANKS APPENDIX D FLOATING ROOFS TABLES 1-3 NOMINAL CAPACITIES OF TYPICAL TANKS TABLES 4-6 MINIMUM CALCULATED SHELL PLATE THICKNESS FOR TYPICAL TANKS TABLE 7 SECTION MODULUS OF WIND GIRDERS TABLE

PAGE

7
7

10 10

16 16 17 17
22 36 39 39 49 60 63 65

69 69
70 70 70 76

77
82
88 11a-12a 12b-13b 32-35
45

SHELL MANHOLE COVER FLANGE THICKNESS

PLATE

AND BOLTING

TABLE 9 TABLE 10 TABLE 11 TABLE 12

SHELL MANHOLE DIMENSIONAL DATA SHELL NOZZLES DIMENSIONAL DATA ROOF MANHOLES ROOF NOZZLES

46 50-51 51 52

IS : 803 - 1976
PAGE TABLE 13 TABLE 14 TABLE 15 DETAIL OF DRAIN PAD FOR ELEVATED TANKS FLUSH TYPE CLEANOUT FITTINGS THICKNESS OF COVER PLATE, BOLTING FLANGE AND REINFORCING PLATE FOR FLUSH TYPE CLEANOUT FITTINGS THICKNESS AND HEIGHT OF SHELL REINFORCING PLATE FOR CLEANOUT FITTINGS MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE POROSITY INDICATIONS IN RADIOGRAPHS PER 150 mm LENGTH OF WELD THERMAL VENTING CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS TOTAL RATE OF EMERGENCY VENTING REQUIRED FOR FIRE EXPOSURE VERSUS WETTED SURFACE AREA APPURTENANCES FIGURE FIGURE FIGURE FIGURE FIGURE FIGURE FIGURE FIGURE

54 55 56 56 69 86
87

TABLE 16 TABLE 17 TABLE 18 TABLE 19 FIGURE

1 TYPICAL FIXED ROOF TANK SHOWING STANDARD 8 9 18 19

20

2 3 4 5 6
7

TYPICAL OPEN Top TANK WITH FLOATING ROOF SECTIONAL VIEW TYPICAL FOUNDATIONS TYPICAL LAYOUT OF TANK BOTTOM BOTTOM PLATE ARRANGEMENT UNDER TANK SHELL TYPICAL HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL JOINTS TYPICAL ROOF JOINTS

8 SOME PERMISSIBLE DETAILS OF COMPRESSION RINGS 9 RECOMMENDED LAYOUT OF COLUMNS FOR NORMAL
SIZE TANKS TYPICAL DETAILS COLUMN AND GIRDER ATTACHMENT

25 26 28
40 41 44 47 49

FIGURE 10

FIGURE 11 TYPICAL SHELL MANHOLES FIGURE 12 FIGURE 13 FIGURE 14 FIGURE 15 FIGURE 16 FIGURE 17 FIGURE 18 FIGURE 19 TYPICAL SHELL NOZZLES SHELL NOZZLE FLANGES TYPICAL ROOF MANHOLE TYPICAL ROOF NOZZLES TYPICAL WATER DRAW-OFF SUMP TYPICAL DRAIN PAD FOR ELEVATED TANKS TYPICAL FLUSH TYPE CLEANOUT FITTINGS TYPICAL GAUGE-WELL INSTALLATION ON EXISTING NOZZLE OF CONE ROOF TANKS

52
53 54 55 57 58 71-74 75 80

FIGURES 20-23 RADIOGRAPHIC POROSITY STANDARDS FIGURE 24 DETAIL OF TYPICAL VACUUM Box FIGURE

25

INSERT TYPE REINFORCEMENT FOR MANHOLES AND NOZZLES

IS : 803 - 1976

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN, FABRICATION AND ERECTION OF VERTICAL MILD STEEL CYLINDRICAL WELDED OIL STORAGE TANKS

( First Revision)
o.
FO RE WO RD
0.1 This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 27 September 1976, after the draft finalized by the Structural Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Structural and Metals Division Council and Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 This code has been prepared with a view to providing the petroleum industry with tanks of adequate safety and reasonable economy which can be built in any size required to meet the needs of the industry subject to limitations given in the code and also to establishing uniform practice for design, fabrication, erection, testing and inspection of oil storage tanks. 0.3 This code does not present nor it is contemplated to establish, a fixed series of allowable tank sizes; but it is intended to promote the selection by the purchaser, of the size of tank that may be required to meet his particular need. 0.4 This standard was first published in 1962. The following modifications have been made in this revision: a) The use of steel conforming to IS: 226-1975*, IS: 2002-1962t, IS : 2041-1962:j: and IS : 961-1975§ has been permitted in addition to steel conforming to IS : 2062-196911. b) Provisions regarding design of various members of the tank have been elaborated, an appendix dealing with the alternate design for tank shell has been included. c) Provisions regarding radiographic inspection of shell joints have been made. d) An appendix dealing with the normal and emergency venting requirements of the tanks has been added.
*Specification for structural steel (standard quality) (fifth revision ). tSpecification for steel plates for boilers. :j:Specification for steel plates for pressure vessels. §Specification for structural steel (high tensile) ( second revision ). II Specification for structural steel (fusion welding quality) ( first revision ).

IS : 803 - 1976
e) An appendix furnishing the design and construction requirements of pontoon type, double deck type floating roof tanks has also been included in this code. 0.5 This edition 2.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (November 1984). Side bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of the amendment. 0.6 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this code is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this code.

requirements for mild steel cylindrical welded oil storage tanks in various sizes and capacities, for erection above ground, of the following designs: a) Fixed roof tanks (see Fig. 1 ) having no internal pressure or nominal internal pressure where the resultant upward force does not exceed the nominal weight of metal in tank shell, roof and any framing supported by the shell or roof; and b) Open top tanks (see Fig. 2 ). 1.1.1 This code specifies the use of only butt welded shells and includes reference to appurtenances and mountings. 1.2 This code is complementary to IS: 800-1962t and IS: 816-1969:j:. Provisions regarding permissible stresses, design, fabrication and erection as included in IS: 800-1962t shall apply unless specified otherwise in this code. 1.3 This code is intended to guide both purchasers and manufacturers of petroleum products storage tanks. Provisions of this code may also be applied to design and construct tanks for storage of water, acids and chemicals. In such cases, special considerations regarding lining, corrosion allowance and foundation shall be made while designing the tanks for the intended service.

1. SCOPE 1.1 This code covers materials, design, fabrication, erection and testing

employed in this standard shall be according to IS : 812-1957§. 2.2 Symbols for welding used on plans and drawings shall be according to IS : 813-196111.
*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). tCode of practice for use of structural steel in general building construction ( revised ). :j:Codeof practice for use of metal arc welding for general construction in mild steel ( first revision ). §Glossary of terms relating to welding and cutting of metals. II Scheme of symbols for welding ( amended ).

2. DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS 2.1 For the purpose of this code, the definitions for welding terms

IS : 803 - 1976

IS : 803 - 1976

IS : 803 - 1976
3. GENERAL 3.1 Tanks may be manufactured from suitable sizes of plates which have been covered in IS : 1730 (Part I)-1975*. 3.2 Tables 1 to 6 ( see P 11 to 13 ) present for ready reference, typical data in regard to nominal sizes, nominal capacities and shell plate thicknesses for tanks which may be built in accordance with this code. 3.3 Enquiries or Order Form - With a view to facilitating the manufacture and supply of welded oil storage tanks, certain detailed information is to be supplied to the manufacturer. The information so required is listed in Appendix A.

4. MATERIALS
4.0 General - Unless mutually agreed otherwise, the material for the construction of oil storage tanks shall conform to Indian Standards where applicable. 4.1 Plates - Plates used in tank construction shall conform to anyone of the following specifications: IS : 226-1975 Structural steel (standard quality) (fifth revision) (For up to 20 mm thickness. Thicker plates may be used provided the manufacturer establishes appropriate welding procedures recommended in IS : 823-1964t to the satisfaction of the purchaser) IS : 961-1975 Structural steel (high tensile) ( second revision) IS : 2002-1962 Steel plates for boilers (Grade 2B) IS : 2041-1962 Steel plates for pressure vessels IS : 2062-1969 Structural steel (fusion welding quality) (first revision) 4.1.1 Plates for use in the manufacture of tanks shall be on thickness basis which are determined by design computations. Shell plates, for which minimum thicknesses are fixed in 6.3.3 for practical reasons and which will not underrun the theoretical required thickness by more than the minus tolerance specified in 1852-1973:j: and roof and bottom plates may be specified on weight basis. The plate thicknesses as stipulated in this standard are minimum; thicker or heavier material may be required depending on the nature of stored product, and the environment where the tank is located. 4.1.2 Steel conforming to IS: 1977-1975§ may also be used in tank construction subject to limitations under 0.3 of that specification.
*Dimensions for steel plate, sheet and strip for structural and general engineering purposes: Part I Plate (first revision ). tCode of procedure for manual metal arc welding of mild steel. :j:Specification for rolling and cutting tolerances for hot-rolled steel products ( second revision ). §Specification for structural steel (ordinary quality) ( second revision ).

10

IS : 803 - 1976
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13b

As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally

Left Blank

IS : 803 - 1976
4.1.3 Plate materials specified in 4.1 shall be used without impact testing on tank shells and its reinforcements for design metal temperatures greater than 10°C. 4.1.4 For temperature lower than 10°C and up to - 20°C, material listed in 4.1 with the exception of structural steel, conforming to IS : 226-1975*, shall be used, and shall demonstrate adequate notch toughness at the design metal temperature. Each plate as-rolled shall be impact-tested at the design metal temperature to show that the average of three charpy Vnotch full size specimens is a minimum of 39 N.m (4 kgf.m) (longitudinal) or 25 N.m (2.5 kgf.m) (transverse). 4.2 Structural Sections - Dimensions of structural steel sections used in tank construction shall conform to IS : 808-1964 t and IS : 808 (Part I)1973:j:. 4.3 Cast Steel Mountings - Cast steel mountings shall be suitable for welding and shall conform to Grade 3 of IS : 1030-1974§. 4.4 Electrodes - Electrodes for metal arc welding shall conform to IS : 814 (Part I)-197411and IS : 814 (Part II)-1974(JI. 4.5 Piping - Unless specified otherwise, pipe and pipe couplings shall conform to IS : 1978-1971**. By agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, couplings for threaded connections may be supplied without recesses. When so supplied, the couplings in all other respects shall conform to IS : 1978-1971**. Pipe used for structural purposes shall conform to IS : 1978-1971** and IS : 1979-1971 tt with respect to physical properties of the material. Pipes of heavy class conforming to IS : 1239 (Part II)-1969:j::j: ay be used for nozzles on tank roofs and internal piping m subject to agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 4.6 Flanges - Plate ring flanges shall be made from any of the plate materials listed in 4.1. Requirements of slip-on welding and welding neck flanges are covered in IS : 6392-1971§§.
*Specification for structural steel (standard quality) (fifth revision ). tSpecification for rolled steel beam, channel and angle sections ( revised ). :j:Dimensions for hot rolled steel beams: Part I MB series ( second revision ). §Specification for steel castings for general engineering purposes ( second revision ). II Specification for covered electrodes for metal arc welding of structural steels: Part I For welding products other than sheets (fourth revision ). crrSpecificationfor covered electrodes for metal arc welding of structural steels: Part II For welding sheets (fourth revision ). **Specification for line pipe ( first revision ). ttSpecification for high test line pipe (first revision ). :j::j:Specificationfor mild steel tubes, tubulars and other wrought steel fittings: Part II Mild steel tubulars and other wrought steel pipe fittings ( second revision ). §§Specification for steel pipe flanges.

15

IS : 803 - 1976
4.7 Bolts and Nuts - Bolts shall conform to the requirements specified in IS : 1367-1967* for black grade bolts of class 4.6 or 4.8. Nuts shall be of black grade class 4. Screw threads shall conform to coarse series medium class referred in IS : 1367-1967*. 4.8 Other materials used in association with steelwork shall, where appropriate Indian Standard specifications for materials exist, conform to such specifications. 5. PERMISSIBLE STRESSES 5.1 Maximum allowable working stresses shall not exceed the following. 5.1.1 In the design of tank shells, the maximum tensile stress before applying the factor for joint efficiency shall be 165 N/mm2 (1 680 kgf/cm2) in case of steel conforming to IS: 2062-1969t and IS : 226-1975:j:. For other grades of steels, maximum allowable stress shall be 0.7 of the minimum yield stress of each grade or 0.4 of the minimum ultimate tensile stress whichever is less. 5.1.2 Structural design stresses (not covered in 5.1.1) shall conform to the allowable working stresses given in IS : 800-1962§. For this purpose steel conforming to IS : 2002-196211(Grade 2B) and IS : 2041-1962CJI (Type 1) should be treated as equivalent to IS: 226-1975:j: or IS: 2062-1969t whereas Type 2 steel conforming to IS: 2041-1962CJIshall be treated equivalent to IS : 961-1975**. 5.1.3 The above stresses are permissible for design temperatures of -10°C to +200°C, provided that below +10°C only semikilled or killed steels are used. 5.2 The permissible stresses for welds and welded connections shall conform to the values given in IS : 816-1969tt. 6. DESIGN 6.0 General- Internal pressure of tanks designed in accordance with the rules and provisions made in this code shall not exceed the value given by:

*Technical supply conditions for threaded fasteners (first revision ). tSpecification for structural steel (fusion welding quality) (first revision ). :j:Specification for structural steel (standard quality) (fifth revision ). §Code of practice for use of structural steel in general building construction ( revised ). II Specification for steel plates for boilers. crrSpecification for steel plates for pressure vessels. **Specification for structural steel (high tensile) ( second revision ). ttCode of practice for use of metal arc welding for general construction in mild steel ( first revision ).

16

IS : 803 - 1976
where P max = internal pressure, W = total weight of shell and structure supported by shell in N (kgf), D = diameter of tank in m, and t = thickness of roof in mm. 6.1 Foundation - Tanks shall be built on good foundations. Details of typical foundations normally adopted are shown in Fig. 3A and 3B respectively for earth foundation and concrete ringwall foundation. Where soil conditions are adverse, care should be taken to design the foundations properly such that no subsidence takes place. 6.2 Design of Bottom Plates 6.2.1 Bottom plate, uniformly resting on the ground or supporting substructure, shall conform to the following (see Fig. 4 ): a) All bottom plates shall have a minimum nominal thickness of 6 mm. b) All rectangular plates shall preferably have a minimum width of 1 500 mm. All sketch plates (bottom plates upon which the shell plate rests), which have one end rectangular shall also preferably have a minimum width of 1500 mm for the rectangular end. c) Bottom plates shall be of sufficient size so that when welded, at least a 25 mm width will project beyond the outside edge of the weld attaching the bottom to the shell plate.
NOTE Bottom of excavation should be level. Remove muck, vegetation unstable materials to whatever depth is necessary.

and

6.2.2 Bottoms shall be built according to either of the following two methods of construction: a) Lap welded plates shall be reasonably rectangular and square edged. Three-plate laps shall not be closer than 300 mm from each other and also from the tank shell. Plates shall be welded on top side only with a continuous fillet weld on all seams. Joints shall be lapped to 5 times the thickness of the thinner plate, but need not exceed 25 mm (see Fig. 4, Section BB ). Portion of the sketch plates coming under the bottom shell ring shall have the outer ends of the joints fitted and lap welded to form a smooth bearing for the shell plates, as shown in Fig. 5A. Bottom plate attachment with the shell plate may be made by an annular ring of segmental plates as shown in Fig. 5B. Such annular rings, where used, shall have their radial seams butt welded with a backing strip as shown in the same figure. Bottom sketch and rectangular plates shall be lapped over the annular ring of segmental

17

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 3

TYPICAL FOUNDATIONS

plates with the lap not less than five times the nominal thickness the thinner plates joined.

18

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 4

TYPICAL LAYOUT OF TANK BOTTOM

b) Bottoms may be of butt welded construction. Plates shall have the parallel edges prepared for butt welding with either square or V-grooves. If square grooves are employed, the root opening shall be not less than 6 mm. The butt welds shall be made by applying a backing strip 3 mm thick or heavier by tack welding to the underside of the plate (see Fig. 5B, Section XX). A metal spacer shall be used, if necessary, to maintain the root opening between the adjacent plates. The manufacturer may submit the other methods of butt welding the bottom for the purchaser's approval. Three-plate joints shall not be closer than 300 mm from each other and also from the tank shell.

19

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 5

BOTTOM PLATE ARRANGEMENT UNDER TANK SHELL

20

IS : 803 - 1976
6.2.3 Bottom Plate Resting on Piers 6.2.3.1 For tanks erected on an elevated foundation, and the bottom plate supported on piers or beams, minimum thickness of bottom plate tb in mm shall be obtained by the equation:
.-------2 tb =

3 G.Hp.l 4

s,

where G = specific gravity of stored product but not less than 1, Hp = uniform loading on the bottom plate in N/mm2 (kgf/cm-) due to maximum head of water in the tank, l = length of bottom plate in mm freely supported between the successive piers/beams, and Sb = maximum allowable bending stress in plate in N/mm2 (kgf/cm-'). 6.2.3.2 The thickness determined by 6.2.3.1 shall be checked by shear stresses due to the total load Hp_ x l acting at the supports and shall be increased if required, to keep these stresses within limits specified in IS : 800-1962*. 6.2.3.3 Special consideration shall be given for any other concentrated loads acting on the bottom plate. 6.2.3.4 Generally bottom plate built under this rule is a butt welded construction so that the plate rests uniformly on the supporting structure. 6.2.3.5 Rules for fabrication given in 6.2.1 (b), 6.2.1 (c) and 6.2.2 (b) above shall also govern fabrication of the bottom plate resting on piers/beams. 6.2.4 The joint between the bottom edge of the lowest course of shell plate and bottom plate or annular segmental plate shall be by a continuous fillet weld laid on each side of the shell plate. The size of each weld shall be not greater than 12 mm and not less than the nominal thickness of the thinner of the two plates joined, nor less than the following values: Maximum Thickness of Shell Plate, mm Minimum Size of Fillet Weld, mm

5
6 to 20 21 to 30 Over 32
*Code of practice for use of structural ( revised ).

5
6 8 10
steel in general building construction

21

IS : 803 - 1976
6.3 Design of Shell Plates 6.3.1 Loads 6.3.1.1 Stresses in the tank shell shall be computed on the assumption that the tank is filled with water of specific gravity 1.00 or the liquid to be stored, if heavier than water. The tension in each course shall be computed at 30 cm above the centre line of the lower horizontal joint of the course in question. 6.3.1.2 Isolated radial loads on tank shells, such as caused by heavy loads from platforms and elevated walkways between tanks, shall be distributed appropriately, preferably in a horizontal position. 6.3.1.3 Wind and internal vacuum loads shall be considered together to check the stability of tank shells. Wind loads shall be as specified in Fig. 1A of IS : 875-1964*. Internal vacuum in the tank shall be specified by the purchaser; however, a minimum of 500 N/m2 (50 kg/m-') vacuum shall be considered. 6.3.2 Joint Efficiency Factor - This shall be taken as 0.85 for double welded butt joints, to determine the minimum thickness of shell plates computed from the stress on the vertical joints, subject to all vertical and horizontal butt welds being spot radiographed as recommended by this code. Where welds are not to be so examined by radiography, the joint efficiency factor considered for design shall be 0.70. 6.3.3 Plate Thicknesses 6.3.3.1 The minimum thickness of shell plates shall not be less than that calculated from the following formula or as specified in 6.3.3.2 whichever is greater: ·fS· In NI 2 . t -_ 4.9_DG SE 1 IS mm or 50_DG = SE where
= minimum thickness in mm; D = nominal diameter of tank in m; H = height from the bottom of the course under consideration

·fS· In kgf/ em 2 . IS

to top of top curb angle or to bottom of any overflow which limits tank filling height in m; G = specific gravity of liquid to be stored, but in no case less than 1.0; S = allowable stress; and E = joint efficiency factor.
*Code of practice for structural safety of buildings: Loading standards (revised).

22

IS : 803 - 1976
6.3.3.2 In no case shall the nominal thickness of shell plates (including shell extensions for floating roof) be less than the following: Nominal Tank Diameter Minimum Nominal Thickness m mm Less than 15 5.0 Over 15 up to and including 36 6.0 Over 36 up to and including 60 8.0 Over 60 10.0 6.3.3.3 The nominal thickness of shell plates refers to the tank shell as constructed and is based on stability rather than stress. Any required corrosion allowance for the shell plates shall be added to the calculated thickness of 6.3.3.1, unless otherwise specified by the purchaser. 6.3.3.4 The maximum nominal thickness of tank shell plates shall be 40 mm, except that insert plates up to 75 mm thickness inclusive shall be permitted for material conforming to IS: 2002-1962* Grade 2B and IS : 2041-1962t steels. 6.3.3.5 The width of the shell plate shall be as agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer, but preferably should not be less than 1500 mm. 6.3.3.6 Stability of tank shells against external loads shall be checked by determining the maximum height of the shell from the tap curb angle or wind girder that does not buckle under this loading and providing stiffening to the shell if required. The maximum height of un stiffened shell, in metres, shall not exceed H 1 as determined by the following equation: H 1 - 14700 t P or
=

J ( t)3
D'

if P IS In NIm 2 ..

1500
P

t~rrt)3 \ D)

,1

if

p IS In

..

k f/ 2
g
m

where Hl = vertical distance between the intermediate wind girder and top angle of the shell or the top wind girder of an open top tank in m; t = average shell thickness in height Hl in mm determined from the actual thicknesses of plates used unless the purchaser specifies that the net thickness (actual thickness used minus corrosion allowance specified) shall be considered;
*Specification for steel plates for boilers. tSpecification for steel plates for pressure vessels.

23

IS : 803 - 1976
D = nominal tank diameter in m; and p = sum of all external pressures acting on the tank shell, that is, wind pressure and internal vacuum. An initial calculation shall be made using the thickness of the top shell course. Further calculations shall be made by considering the weighted average thickness of the top course and part or all of the next lower course, or courses, till the value Hl equals or is less than the height of shell used in determining the average thickness. When such a value of H 1 is obtained, an intermediate wind girder shall be provided on the shell at a distance below the top wind girder of curb angle, equal to or less than the height of shell used in determining the average thickness. Minimum distance from this girder to the nearest horizontal joint in the shell shall be 150 mm. The required minimum section modulus in cubic centimetres of this girder shall be determined by the equation: Z = 0.059 D2Hl This formula is applicable for total external pressures up to 1 470 N/m2 (150 kgf/m-'). For greater external pressures P, required minimum section modulus of this girder is computed by multiplying above equation by P or _.!!__ where P is in N/m2 or kgf/m2 respectively. 1470 150 Thereafter, the rest of the shell below this intermediate girder shall be checked in the same manner considering this girder as the top of the tank. If value of H 1 contin ues to be greater than the height of shell used in determining the average thickness, the shell is considered stable against the external loads that are considered and no intermediate girder is required. 6.3.4 Shell Plate Arrangement 6.3.4.1 The shell shall be designed to have all courses truly vertical. The centre-line of each course shall be on top of the centre-line of the course immediately below or alternatively the inside surfaces of offset horizontal butt joints shall be kept flush, as desired by the purchaser. The system of construction to be followed should be specified in the order. 6.3.4.2 Vertical joints in adjacent shell courses shall not be in alignment but shall be offset from each other as large a distance as possible but in no case less than a distance of 5t, t being the plate thickness of the thicker course at the point of offset. 6.3.5 Shell Joints 6.3.5.1 Vertical and horizontal Joints - All vertical and horizontal joints shall be of double-welded butt construction with complete penetration and fusion through the full thickness of the parent plate. Suggested forms of joints are shown in Fig. 6.

24

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 6

TYPICAL HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL JOINTS

6.3.5.2 The suitability of plate preparation and welding procedure shall be the manufacturer's choice subject to welding procedure qualification as specified in IS : 823-1964*.
*Code of procedure for manual metal arc welding of mild steel.

25

IS : 803 - 1976
6.3.5.3 The wide face of unsymmetrical V or U butt joints may be on the outside or on the inside of the tank shell. 6.3.6 Roof-Curb Angle 6.3.6.1 Except as specified for open top tanks in 6.3.8.6, tank shells shall be provided with top-curb angles of sizes not less than specified in 6.3.6.2 and as may be required by 6.3.6.3. This will be attached to the upper edge of the shell plate by a double-welded butt or lap joint. The horizontal leg of the top angle may extend inside or outside the tank shell at the purchaser's option. Typical roof to shell joints and roof plate joints are given in Fig. 7.

FIG.7

TYPICAL ROOF JOINTS

6.3.6.2 Minimum sizes of top curb angle shall be: a) Tanks up to and including 10 m diameter b) Tanks over 10 m and up to and including 18 m diameter c) Tanks over 18 m and up to and including 36 m diameter d) Tanks over 36 m diameter

65 x 65 x 6.0 mm 65 x 65 x 8.0 mm 75 x 75 x 10.0 mm 100 x 100 x 10.0 mm

26

IS : 803 - 1976
Thickness specified above includes corrosion allowance required petroleum service. Special consideration should be given for severe service.
NOTE -

for

6.3.6.3 For tanks having internal pressure, cross-sectional area of curb angle provided shall not be less than the area required to resist the compressive force at the roof shell junction minus the participating shell and roof area shown in Fig. 8. Area of curb angle required is given by:

where Ac = area of curb angle in cm-'; D = tank diameter in m; p = upward force due to internal tank's pressure minus weight of roof plates; = angle between the roof and a horizontal plane at the roof shell junction in degrees; = width of the shell in the compression region in em;

= 0.19 JRs

ts where Rs

= radius of tank shell in em;

ts WR RR tR

= nominal shell thickness in mm; = width of the roof in the compression region in em; = 0.095

JRR tR ;

= radius of roof at roof shell junction in em; and = nominal roof thickness in cm.

This area may be provided by using rolled angle or other section or plate girder as shown in Fig. 8. When plate girder as shown in Fig. 8, Detail-D of this girder is given by: is used, required area

27

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 8

SOME PERMISSIBLE DETAILS OF COMPRESSION RINGS

6.3.7 Circular Shell Openings 6.3.7.1 Opening in tank shells larger than 64 mm in diameter shall be reinforced. The minimum cross-sectional area of the reinforcement shall be not less than the product of the vertical diameter of the hole cut in the tank shell and the shell plate thickness required under 6.3.3.1. The crosssectional area of the reinforcement shall be measured along the vertical axis passing through the centre. 6.3.7.2 If a thicker shell plate is used than is required for the hydrostatic loading and corrosion allowance (see 6.3.3.3), the excess shell plate thickness, within a vertical distance, both above and below the centre-line of the hole in the tank shell plate, equal to the vertical dimension of the hole in the tank shell plate, may be considered as reinforcement, and the thickness T of the opening reinforcement plate may be decreased accordingly. 6.3.7.3 All effective reinforcements shall be made within a distance, above or below the centre-line of the shell opening, equal to the vertical 28

IS : 803 - 1976
dimensions of the hole in the tank shell plate. The reinforcement may be provided within a vertical distance, both above and below the centre-line of the hole in the shell, equal to the vertical dimension of the hole in the tank shell plate by anyone, or by any combination, of the following: a) The reinforcing plate; b) The portion of the neck of the fitting which may be considered as reinforcement according to 6.3.7.4; and c) Any excess shell plate thickness, beyond that required under 6.3.3.1, and corrosion allowance. 6.3.7.4 The following portions of the neck of a fitting may be considered as part of the area of reinforcement: a) The portion extending outwardly from the outside surface of the tank shell plate for a distance equal to four times the neck wall thickness or, if the neck wall thickness is reduced within this distance, to the point of transition; b) The portion lying within the shell plate thickness; and c) The portion extending inwardly from the inside surface of the tank shell plate for a distance as specified under 6.3.7.4(a). 6.3.7.5 The aggregate strength of the weld attaching a fitting to the shell plate, or to an intervening reinforcing plate, or to both, shall equal at least the proportion of the forces passing through the entire reinforcement which is computed to pass through the fitting considered. 6.3.7.6 The aggregate strength of the weld attaching any intervening reinforcing plate to the shell plate shall at least equal to proportion of the forces passing through the entire reinforcement which is computed to pass through the reinforcing plate considered. 6.3.7.7 The attachment welding to the shell, along the outer periphery of the reinforcing plate, shall be considered effective only for the parts lying outside the area bounded by vertical lines drawn tangent to the shell opening. The outer peripheral welding, however, shall be applied completely around the reinforcement. All the inner peripheral welding shall be considered effective. The strength of the effective attachment welding shall be considered as its shear resistance at the stress values given for fillet welds under 5.2. The outer peripheral weld shall be of a size not less than 0.5 tmin where tmin is the smaller of 20 mm or the thickness less corrosion allowance of

either of the parts joined by a fillet weld or groove weld; except that when low type nozzles are used with the reinforcing plate extending to the tank bottom, the size of that portion of the peripheral weld which attaches the reinforcing plate to the bottom plate shall conform to 6.2.4. The inner peri pheral welding shall be large enough to sustain the remainder of the loading.

29

IS : 803 - 1976
Figures 11 and 12 show acceptable methods of attachment. For convenience fillet sizes for one type of attachment are given in Table 9, and Table 10 respectively for manholes and nozzles. For other types of attachments, fillet sizes shall be determined according to 6.3.7.5, 6.3.7.6 and 6.3.7.7. 6.3.7.8 When two or more openings are located so close that their normal reinforcing plate edges are closer than ten times the thickness of the thicker reinforcing plate with a minimum of 150 mm, they shall be treated and reinforced as follows: a) All such openings shall be included in a single reinforcing plate, which shall be proportioned for the largest opening in the group; b) If the normal reinforcing plates for the smaller openings in the group, considered separately, would fall within the area limits of the solid portion of normal plate for the largest opening, the smaller openings may be included in a normal plate for the largest openings without increase in size of that plate; provided, however, that if any opening intersects the vertical centre-line of another, the total width of the final reinforcing plate along the vertical centre-line of either opening shall be not less than the sum of the widths of the normal plates for the openings involved; and c) If the normal reinforcing plates for the smaller openings, considered separately, would not fall within the area limits of the solid portion of a normal plate for the largest opening, the group reinforcing plate size and shape shall be such as to include the outer limits of the normal reinforcing plates for all of the openings in the group. Change of size from the outer limits of the normal plate for the largest opening to the outer limits of that for the smaller opening farthest therefrom shall be by uniform straight taper unless the normal plate for any intermediate opening would extend beyond the limits so fixed, in which case uniform straight tapers shall join the outer limits of the several normal plates. Provisions under 6.3.7.8 (b) with respect to openings on the same or adjacent vertical centrelines shall also apply in this case. 6.3.7.9 Reinforcement for non-circular openings shall be given special consideration. 6.3.8 Design of Wind Girders for Open- Top Tanks 6.3.8.1 Open top tanks shall be provided with stiffening rings to maintain roundness when the tank is subjected to wind loads. Stiffening rings shall be located at or near the top course, and preferably on the outside of the tank shell. 6.3.8.2 The required minimum section modulus of the wind girder shall be determined by the following formula: Z = 0.059D2H 30

IS : 803 - 1976
where Z = section modulus in em", D = normal diameter of tank in m, and H = heigh t of tank shell in m including any 'free board' provided above the maximum filling height as guide for the floating roof. Stiffening ring having a section modulus given by the above formula is adequate for external pressures (wind + vacuum) up to 1 470 N/m2 (150 kgf/mm-'). For greater external pressure P, required section modulus of the stiffening ring shall be computed by multiplying above equation by 1 :70 (or 1~0 where P is in kgf/m-'). 6.3.8.3 The section modulus of the stiffening ring shall be based upon the properties of the applied members and may include a portion of the tank shell for a distance of 16 plate thicknesses below and, if applicable, above the ring shell attachment. When curb angles are attached to the top edge of the shell ring by butt welding, this distance shall be reduced by the width of the vertical leg of the angle. Section modulii values for typical ring members are given in Table 7. 6.3.8.4 Stiffening rings may be made of either structural section, formed plate section, or sections built-up by welding, or of combinations of such types of sections assembled by welding. The outer periphery of stiffening rings may be circular or polygonal. Built-up stiffening rings using flats and bars are permitted subject to purchaser's approval. 6.3.8.5 The minimum size of angle for use along, or as component in a built-up stiffening ring, shall be 60 x 60 x 6 mm. The minimum nominal thickness of plate for use in formed or built-up stiffening rings shall be 6mm. 6.3.8.6 When stiffening rings are located more than 0.6 m below the top of the shell, the tank shall be provided with a 60 x 60 x 5 mm top curb angle for 5 mm shells, and with a 75 x 75 x 6 mm angle for shell greater than 5 mm. Other rolled sections of equivalent section modulus may also be used. 6.3.8.7 Rings of such design that liquid may be trapped thereon shall be provided with adequate drain holes. 6.3.8.8 Stiffening rings or portions thereof, which are regularly used as a walkway, shall have a width not less than 0.6 m clear of the projecting curb angle on the top of the tank-shell, shall be located preferably 1 m below the top of the curb angle, and shall be provided with a standard railing on the unprotected side and at the ends of the section so used. 6.3.8.9 When a stair opening is installed through a stiffening ring, the section modulus ofthat portion ofthe ring outside the opening, and including the transition section, shall conform to the requirements of 6.3.8.2. The

31

IS : 803 - 1976
shell adjacent to such opening shall be stiffened with an angle, or bar, placed horizontally. The other sides of the opening shall be stiffened with an angle, or bar, placed vertically. The cross-sectional area of these rim stiffeners shall be at least equivalent to the cross-sectional area of that portion of shell included in the section modulus calculations of the stiffening ring ( see 6.3.S.S). These stiffeners, or additional members, shall furnish a suitable tee board around the opening. The stiffening members shall extend beyond the end of the opening for a distance equal to or greater than the minimum depth of the regular ring section. The end stiffening members shall frame into the side stiffening members and shall be connected to them in such a manner as to develop their full strength. 6.3.S.10 Supports shall be provided for all stiffening rings when the dimension of the horizontal leg or web exceeds 16 times the leg or web thickness. Such supports shall be spaced at intervals as required for the dead load and vertical live load that may be placed upon the ring. However, the spacing shall not exceed 24 times the width of the outside compression flange. 6.3.S.11 Continuous seal welds of about 3 mm shall be used for all joints which, because of their location, may be subjected to corrosion from entrapped moisture or cause rust markings on the tank shell. Full penetration butt welds shall be used for jointing ring sections. 6.3.9 An alternate Appendix B. method for design of tank shells is dealt with in

TABLE 7 SECTION MODULUS OF WIND GIRDERS

( Clause 6.3.8.3 ) All dimensions
SECTION THROUGH WIND GIRDER

in millimetres.
SECTION MODULUS IN cm3 FOR SHELL THICKNESS

MEMBER SIZE IN

mm x mm x mm ISA ISA ISA 65 x 65 x 6 65 x 65 x 8 75 x 75 x 10

5mm 6.4 8.3 13.6

6mm 6.5 8.5 13.0

Detail A -

Top Angle ( Continued )

32

IS : 803 - 1976
TABLE 7 SECTION MODULUS OF WIND GIRDERS - Contd
SECTIONTHROUGHWIND GIRDER MEMBER SIZE IN mm x mm x mm ISA ISA ISA ISA 65 x 65 x 6 65 x 65 x 8 75 x 75 x 6 75 x 75 x 10 SECTIONMODULUSIN cm3 FOR SHELL THICKNESS 5mm 27.2 33.2 36.3 50.0 63.8 73.7 6mm 28.4 34.9 37.8 54.1 66.8 92.2

ISA 100 x 100 x 6 ISA 100 x 100 x 10

Detail B -

Curb Angle

ISA ISA

65 x 65 x 6 65 x 65 x 8

28.3 34.8 67.5 90.1 157.5

29.4 36.4 70.6 94.5 190.1

ISA 100 x 75 x 8 ISA 125 x 75 x 8 ISA 150 x 115 x 10

Detail C -

Single Angle

( Continued )

33

IS : 803 - 1976
TABLE 7 SECTION MODULUS OF WIND GIRDERS - Contd
SECTIONTHROUGHWIND GIRDER MEMBER SIZE IN mm x mm x mm ISA 100 x 75 x 8 ISA 100 x 75 x 10 ISA 125 x 75 x 8 ISA 125 x 75 x 10 ISA 125 x 95 x 8 ISA 125 x 95 x 10 ISA 150 x 115 x 10 SECTIONMODULUSIN cm3 FOR SHELL THICKNESS 5mm 182.2 217.6 250.7 300.2 288.5 346.9 506.7 6mm 187.5 224.1 258.4 309.5 296.0 356.2 518.9

Detail D - Two Angles

Detail E - Formed Plate

b= b= b= b= b= b= b= b= b= b= b= b= b= b= b= b=

250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000

341.0 427.2 518.7 615.5 717.4 824.4 936.6 1053.8 1176.1 1 303.5 1435.9 1573.4 1 716.0 1863.5 2016.1 2 166.7 ( Continued )

34

IS : 803 - 1976
TABLE 7 SECTION MODULUS OF WIND GIRDERS - Contd
SECTION THROUGH WIND GIRDER MEMBER SIZE IN SECTION MODULUS IN cm3 FOR SHELL THICKNESS,

mm

6mm 335.2 417.6 504.6 596.5 693.2 794.8 901.3 1 012.8 1129.2 1250.6 1376.6 1508.2 1644.4 1 785.6 1931.8 2082.9 2239.1 2400.2 2566.3 2 737.4

b= b= b= b= b= b= b= b= b= b= b= b= b=
Detail F - Formed Plate

250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950

b= b=

b = 1000 b = 1050 b = 1100 b = 1150 b = 1200

35

IS : 803 - 1976
6.4 Designs of Roof 6.4.1 Definitions roofs. The following definitions shall apply to designs of

6.4.1.1 Supported cone roof- A roof formed to approximately the surface of a right cone, with its principal support provided by either rafters on girders and columns or rafters on trusses with or without columns. 6.4.1.2 Self-supporting cone roof - A roof formed to approximately the surface of a right cone, supported only at its periphery. 6.4.1.3 Self-supporting dome roof - A roof formed to approximately spherical surface, supported only at its periphery. a

6.4.1.4 Self-supporting umbrella roof - A modified dome roof so formed that any horizontal section is a regular polygon with as many sides as there are roof plates, supported only at its periphery. 6.4.2 General 6.4.2.1 All roofs and supporting structures shall be designed to support dead load, plus a uniform live load of not less than 1225 N/m2 (125 kgf/m2) of projected area. 6.4.2.2 Roof plates shall have a minimum nominal thickness of 5 mm. A greater thickness may be required for self-supporting roofs (see 6.4.5 and 6.4.6 ). 6.4.2.3 Roof plates of supported cone roofs shall not be attached to the supporting members. 6.4.2.4 All internal and external structural members of the roof shall have a minimum nominal thickness, in any component, of 4.5 mm. 6.4.2.5 Roof plates shall be attached to the top angle of the tank with a continuous fillet weld on the top side only. If the continuous fillet weld between the roof plates and the top angle does not exceed 5 mm and the slope of the roof at the top angle attachment does not exceed 1 in 6, the joint may be considered to be frangible and, in case of excessive internal pressure, will fail before failure occurs in the tank shell joints or the shell-to-bottom joint. Failure of the roof-to-shelljoint may be accompanied by buckling of the top angle. Where the weld size exceeds 5 mm or where the slope of the roof at the top-angle attachment is greater than 1 in 6, emergency venting devices in accordance with Appendix C shall be provided by the purchaser. The manufacturer shall provide a suitable tank connection for the device. 6.4.2.6 Roof plate shall be lapped with a minimum overlap of 25 mm and shall be welded with a continuous fillet weld on the top side only. Laps shall be arranged as shown in Fig. (A) or (B) of Fig. 7 for roof plate joint depending on the local conditions by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 36

IS : 803 - 1976
6.4.2.7 For all types of roofs, the plates may be stiffened by sections welded to the plates but not to the supporting rafters and/or girders. 6.4.3 Permissible Stresses - All parts of the structure shall be so proportioned that the sum of the maximum static stresses shall not exceed the permissible stresses given in IS : 800-1962*. 6.4.4 Supported Cone Roofs - The design of supported cone roof shall conform to the following: a) Roof plates shall be welded on the top side with continuous full-fillet welds on all seams. The size of the roof-to-top angle weld shall be 5 mm or smaller if so specified by the purchaser. b) The slope of the roof shall be 1 in 16 or greater as specified by the purchaser. If the rafters are set directly on chord girders producing slightly varying rafter slopes, the slope of the flattest rafter shall conform to the specified or ordered roof slope. c) Main supporting members, including those supporting the rafters, may be rolled or fabricated section or trusses, with or without supporting columns. Although these members may be in contact with the roof plates, the compression flange of a member or the top chord of a truss shall be considered to receive no lateral support from the roof plates and shall be laterally braced, if necessary, by other acceptable methods. d) Structural members, serving as rafters, may be rolled or fabricated sections. Rafters in direct contact with the roof plates applying the loading to the rafters may be considered to receive adequate lateral support from the friction between the roof plates and the compression flanges of the rafters, with the following exceptions: (1) Trusses and open-web joists used as rafters, (2) Rafters having a nominal depth greater than 375 mm, and (3) Rafters having a slope greater than 1 in 6. e) Rafters shall be spaced so that, in the outer ring, their centres shall not be more than 2 m measured along the circumference of the tank. Spacing on inner rings shall not be greater than 1.75 m. When specified by the purchaser for tanks located in areas subject to earthquake, 20 mm diameter tie rods (or equivalent) shall be placed between the rafters in the outer rings. These tie rods may be omitted if I or H sections are used as rafters. f) Roof columns shall be made from structural sha pes or pipes or built-up sections. Suitable base frames or reinforcing pads shall be provided at the column base to distribute loads coming on the tank bottom.
*Code of practice for use of structural ( revised ). steel in general building construction

37

IS : 803 - 1976
g) Rafters clips for the outer row of rafters shall be welded to the tank shell. Columns shall not be rigidly attached to the bottom plate. Guide clips shall be welded to the tank bottom to prevent lateral movement of columns. All other structural attachments shall be either bolted, riveted, or welded. 6.4.5 Self-Supporting Cone Roofs - Self-supporting conform to the following requirements: Maximum. = 37° Minimum sin. = 0.165 (slope 1 in 6) Minimum t Maximum t
= = 12mm

cone roofs shall

but not less than 5 mm

NOTE - Self-supporting roofs having the roof plates stiffened by sections welded to the plates need not conform to the above minimum thickness requirements, but should be not less than 5 mm when so designed by the manufacturer, subject to the approval of the purchaser.

6.4.5.1 The cross-sectional area of the top angle in cm2 plus the crosssectional areas of the shell and roof plates within a distance of 16 times their thicknesses measured from their most remote point of attachment to the top angle, shall not be less than:

where D = nominal diameter of tank shell in m, • = angle of cone elements with the horizontal in degrees, and t = nominal thickness of roof plates in mm. 6.4.6 Self-Supporting Dome and Umbrella Roofs - Self-supporting dome and umbrella roofs shall conform to the following requirements: Minimum Maximum Minimum in mm Maximum R = 0.8 D R = 1.2 D where R = radius of the dome in m, t = R12.5 but not less than 5 mm

= 12 mm

These formulae for self-supporting roofs assume a uniform live load of 1 225 N/m2 (125 kgf/m-').
NOTE - Self supporting roofs having the roof plates stiffened by sections welded to the plates need not conform to the minimum thickness requirements, but should not be less than 5 mm when so designed by the manufacturer, subject to the approval of the purchaser.

38

IS : 803 - 1976
6.4.6.1 The cross-sectional area of the top angle in cm2 plus the crosssectional areas of the shell and roof plates within a distance of 16 times their thicknesses, measured from their most remote point of attachment to the top angle, shall equal or exceed:

DR
20 where D = nominal diameter of tank shell in m, R = radius of curvature of roof in m, and t = nominal thickness of roof plates in mm. 6.4.7 Top-Angle Attachment for Self-Supporting Roofs 6.4.7.1 The top-angle sections for self-supporting roofs shall be joined by butt welds having complete penetration and fusion. Joint efficiency factors need not be applied if it conforms to the requirements of 6.4.5 and 6.4.6. 6.4.7.2 For self-supporting roofs whether of the cone, dome or umbrella type, the edges of the roof plates, at the option of the manufacturer, may be flanged horizontally to rest flat against the top angle to improve welding conditions. 6.4.8 Recommended column layout for tanks and column and girder attachment details are shown in Fig. 9 and 10. 6.5 Floating Roof - Reference may be made to Appendix D for the design and construction of floating roofs.

7. APPURTENANCES
7.1 General

AND MOUNTINGS

7.1.1 Appurtenances or mountings installed on tanks should conform to this code. Alternative designs of appurtenances which provide equivalent strength, tightness and utility are permissible, if so agreed by the purchaser. 7.1.2 Manhole necks, nozzle necks, reinforcing plates, and shell-plate openings, which have either sheared or oxygen-cut surfaces, shall have such surfaces made uniform and smooth, with the corners rounded, except where such surfaces are fully covered by attachment welds. 7.2 Shell Manholes 7.2.1 Shell manholes shall conform to Fig. 11 and Tables 8 and 9. 7.2.2 Manhole construction. frames may be press-formed or of built-up welded

39

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 9

RECOMMENDED

LAYOUT OF COLUMNS FOR NORMAL SIZE TANKS

40

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 10

TYPICAL COLUMN AND GIRDER ATTACHMENT DETAILS

41

IS : 803 - 1976
7.3 Shell Nozzles 7.3.1 Shell nozzles shall conform to Fig. 12 and 13 and Table 10. 7.3.2 Details and dimensions specified herein are for nozzles installed with their axes perpendicular to the shell plate. Nozzles may be installed at an angle of other than 90° to the shell plate in a horizontal plane, provided that the width of the reinforcing plate is increased by the amount that the horizontal chord of the opening cut in the shell plate increases as the opening changes from circular to elliptical in making the angular installation. In addition, nozzles not larger than 75 mm nominal pipe size, for insertion of thermometer wells, sampling connections, or other purposes not involving the attachment of extended piping, may be installed at an angle of 15° or less off perpendicular in a vertical plane, without modification of the nozzle reinforcing plate. 7.4 Roof Manholes 7.4.1 Manholes in the roof shall conform to Fig. 14 and Table 11. They shall be suitable for attachment by welding to the tank roof sheets and shall be positioned close to roof sheet supporting members. 7.4.2 The manhole cover may be hinged with single or multiple bolt fixing as required by the purchaser. 7.4.3 Openings made for fixing manholes on self supporting roofs and roofs subjected to internal pressure shall be reinforced by a plate ring having the same thickness of roof plate and outer diameter equal to twice the diameter of the opening. 7.5 Roof Nozzles 7.5.1 Flanged roof nozzles shall conform to Fig. 15 and Table 12, installation of threaded nozzles shall be as shown in Fig. 15. 7.5.2 All nozzle openings greater than 150 mm diameter, shall be reinforced by a plate ring having the same thickness as roof plate and outer-diameter equal to twice the diameter of the opening. 7.6 Water Draw-Offs and Drain Pad 7.6.1 Water draw-off sumps shall conform to Fig. 16. 7.6.2 Drain pad for elevated tanks shall be in accordance with Fig. 17 and Table 13. 7.7 Platforms, Gangways and Stairways 7.7.1 Platforms and gangways shall conform to the following: a) Platforms and gangways shall be capable of supporting a moving concentrated load of 4412 N (450 kg£) and the handrailing structure

42

IS : 803 - 1976
shall be capable of withstanding a load of 882 N (90 kgf) applied in any direction at any point on the top rails. b) All parts shall be made of metal. c) Flooring shall be of grating or of non-slip material. d) A standard width of such gangways on a tank is 600 mm. Wider gangways may be used if required by the purchaser. e) Handrailing of 1 m height shall be provided on all open sides and shall have a toe board not less than 75 mm besides top and mid-rails.
f) At handrail

openings, any space between the tank and the platform wider than 150 mm shall be floored.

7.7.2 Stairways shall conform to the following: a) Stairways shall be capable of supporting a moving concentrated load of 4412 N (450 kg£) and the handrailing structure shall be capable of withstanding a load of 882 N (90 kg£) applied in any direction at any point on the top rail. b) Handrails shall be on both sides of straight stairs, as well as on spiral stairs when the clearance between the tank shell and stair stringer exceeds 200 mm. c) Spiral stairways should be completely supported on the shell of the tank and ends of the stringers should be clear of the ground. d) All parts to be made of metal. e) Standard width of stairs is 800 mm. Wider stairs may be used if required by purchaser.
f) Standard width of stair treads is 250 mm, and shall be of a grating or

non-slip material. g) Maximum angle of stairway with a horizontal line shall be 50°. h) Stair tread rises shall be uniform throughout stairway and preferably be 200 mm. the height of the

j) Top railing shall join the platform handrail without offset, and the height measured vertically from tread level at nose of tread shall be 750 to 850 mm. k) Maximum distance between railing posts measured along the slope of the railing shall be 2.4 m. 7.8 Flush Type Cleanout Fitting - Figure 18 shows an acceptable type of flush type cleanout fitting that may be incorporated in a tank if 43

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 11

TYPICAL SHELL MANHOLES (see Tables

8 and 9 )

44

IS : 803 - 1976
specified by the purchaser. Tables 14, 15 and 16 give additional data and dimensions of this fitting. Special consideration shall be made by the purchaser in design of foundation to provide an adequate support to this fitting. 7.9 Gauge Wells - Typical sketches of gauge wells showing two different methods of installing gauges without welding them to the existing roof nozzles are given in Fig. 19. 7.10 Tank Accessories - Other tank accessories like level indicator, foam chamber, gauge hatch, free vents and earthing boss be provided conforming to Indian Standard specifications wherever available and in agreement with the purchaser.

TABLE 8

SHELL MANHOLE COVER PLATE AND BOLTING FLANGE THICKNESS ( see Fig. 11 )
( Clause 7.2.1 )

EQUIMAXIMINIMUM COVER PLATE MINIMUM BOLTING FLANGE THICKMUM VALENT THICKNESS IN mm NESS AFTER FINISHING IN mm TANK *PRESSURE HEIGHT IN N/mm2 500-mm600-mm750-mmgOO-mm500-mm 600-mm 750-mm gOO-mm (kgf/cme) m ManManManManManManManManhole hole hole hole hole hole hole hole (1) 6.5 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.5 20.0 23.0 (2) 0.065 (0.65) 0.08 (0.80) 0.10 (1.00) 0.12 (1.20) 0.14 (1.40) 0.165 (1.65) 0.20 (2.0) 0.23 (2.3) pressure (3) 8 10 10 12 12 12 14 16 (4) 10 12 12 12 14 14 16 18 (5) 12 12 14 16 16 18 20 20 (6) 12 14 16 18 20 20 22 25 loading. (7) 6 6 6 8 10 10 11 12 (8) 6 8 8 10 12 12 12 14 (g) 8 10 10 12 12 14 16 18 (10) 10 12 12 14 16 18 20 20

*Equivalent

is based on water

45

IS : 803 - 1976
TABLE 9 SHELL MANHOLE DIMENSIONAL ( Clause 7.2.1 ) All dimensions in millimetres. a) Nominal size, D O.D. of cover plate, Dc Bolt circle dia, DB 500 725 650 600 825 750 750 975 900 900 1125 1050 DATA ( see Fig. 11 )

b) The minimum neck thickness Tp shall be the thickness of the shell plate, or the allowable finished thickness of the bolting flange (see Table 8 ) whichever is thinner, but in no case shall it be thinner than the following: Shell Thickness mm 5-20 21-25 26-30 31-36 37-40 Thickness of Neck, Tp mm 8 11 12 18 20

NOTE - If neck thickness on a built-up manhole is greater than the required minimum, the manhole reinforcing plate may be decreased accordingly within the limits specified in 6.3. c) Opening in the shell Ds shall be equal to Do + 100 mm for Type A attachments. For other type of attachments Ds shall be established by manufacturer as required. d) Opening in the reinforcing plate Dp shall be equal to O.D. of neck Do + 3 mm. e) Sizes of fillet welds (leg length) for attachment Type A shall be as follows: e =1 3T14, but not less than 6 mm. f= T12, but not more than 12 mm and not less than 8 mm. g = t, where t is 10 mm or less, or tl2 with a minimum of 10 mm where t exceeds 10 mm.
f)

For attachment Types B, C and D, sizes of fillet welds shall be fixed in accordance with 6.3.7.5,6.3.7.6 and 6.3.7.7.

46

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 12

TYPICAL SHELL NOZZLES (see

Table

10 )

47

As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally

Left Blank

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 13

SHELL NOZZLE FLANGES (see Table 10 )

8. SHOP FABRICATION AND INSPECTION

8.1 Workmanship 8.1.1 All work of fabrication shall be done in accordance with this code. The workmanship and finish shall be first class in every respect subject to the closest inspection by the manufacturer's inspector, whether or not the purchaser waives any part of the inspection. 49

IS : 803 - 1976
TABLE 10 SHELL NOZZLES DIMENSIONAL DATA ( see Fig. 12 and 13 )
( Clause 7.3.1 ) All dimensions in millimetres.

A. FLANGED FITTINGS NOMINALSIZE OF NOZZLE,D MINIMUMWALL DISTANCEFROM DISTANCEFROMTANKBOTTOMTO THICKNESS, SHELL TO FLANGE, NOZZLECENTRE T* E p Regular Type Low Type (2) 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 8.5 7.5 5.5 5 (3) 350 330 330 300 300 300 300 280 280 250 250 250 220 220 200 200 175 175 150 150 (4) 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 430 380 330 280 230 200 175 150 (5) 920 870 820 770 720 670 620 570 520 470 420 370 350 300 250 200 150 120 100 75

(1) 900 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 75 50 40

B. SCREWED FITTINGS
NOMINALSIZE OF NOZZLE WALL THICKNESS DISTANCEFROMTANK BOTTOMTO NOZZLECENTRE Regular Type (1) 75 50 40 25 20 (2) Coupling " " " " (3) 230 175 150 125 100 for petroleum Low Type (4) 140 75 75 75 75 service. Special consideration ( Continued )

*Includes corrosion allowance required should be given for severe service.

50

IS : 803 - 1976
TABLE 10 SHELL NOZZLES DIMENSIONAL DATA - Contd

NOTE 1 - If neck thickness on a built-up nozzle is greater than the required minimum, the nozzle reinforcing plate may be decreased accordingly within the limits specified in 6.3.7. NOTE 2 - Opening in the shell Ds shall be equal to Do + 65 mm for Type A attachments. For other type of attachments, Ds shall be established by manufacturer as required. NOTE 3 - Opening Do + 3 mm. NOTE 4 e

in the reinforcing size of reinforcing

plate Dp shall be equal to O.D. for neck plate DL

Standard

= 2 Ds.
shall be as follows: is lesser.

NOTE 5 - Fillet weld sizes for Type A attachment

= t (shell plate thickness). f = thickness for pipe wall Tp or reinforcing g = r for shell thicknesses up to 10 mm
or tl2 for shell thicknesses

plate Twhichever

greater than 10 mm.

NOTE 6 - For attachment Types B, C and D, fillet weld sizes shall be in accordance with 6.3.7.5, 6.3.7.6 and 6.3.7.7. NOTE 7 - Nozzle pipe wall thicknesses listed above for 650, 700, 750, 800, 850 and 900 mm dia nozzles are applicable for use on tank shells up to 25 mm thickness. When these nozzles are installed on thicker shell plate, their wall thickness shall be as follows: t Tp 28 14 17.5 19.0 19.0

32
36 40

TABLE 11 ROOF MANHOLES ( see Fig. 14 )

( Clause 7.4.1 ) SIZE OF MANHOLE (1) mm 500 600 COVERPLATE DIAMETER Dc (2) mm 650 750 BOLT CIRCLE DIAMETER DB No. OF BOLTS (4) BOLT HOLE DIAMETER (5) mm 16 20 18 18

(3)
mm 590 690

51

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 14

TYPICAL ROOF MANHOLE

(see

Table 11 )

TABLE 12 ROOF NOZZLES ( see Fig. 15 )

( Clause 7.5.1 )
NOMINAL SIZE OF NOZZLE PROJECTION OF NOZZLE

(1)
mm
40

(2)
mm

50
75

100 150 200 250

300

150 150 150 150 150 150 200 200

52

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 15

TYPICALROOF NOZZLES

(see

Table 12 )

53

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 16

TYPICAL WATER DRAW-OFF SUMP

TABLE 13 DETAIL OF DRAIN PAD FOR ELEVATED TANKS (see Fig.17) ( Clause 7.6.2) Alldimensions in millimetres.
NOMINAL SIZE

J (10) 90 120 150 200

No. AND DIA OF STUDS (11)

(1) 50 75 100 150

(2) 50 90 120 170

(3) 150 190 230 280

(4) 120 150 190 240

(5) 22 25 28 32

(6) 65 105 135 185

(7) 42 45 45 50

(8) 25 25 25 32

(9) 15 19 22 24

4 of16 4 of16 8 of16 8 of20

mm mm mm mm

54

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 17

TYPICAL DRAIN PAD FOR ELEVATED TANKS (see Table FLUSH TYPE CLEANOUT FITTINGS ( Clause 7.8 )
All dimensions in millimetres. BOTTOM SPECIAL FLANGE BOLT WIDTH SPACING

13 )

TABLE 14

( see Fig. 18 )

SIZE OF OPENING

HEIGHT(h)
x WIDTH (b)

ARC WIDTH OF SHELL REINFORCING PLATE

UPPER CORNER RADIUS OF OPENING

UPPER CORNER RADIUS OF SHELL REINFORCING PLATE

No. OF
BOLTS

DIAMETER OF BOLTS

(1) 600 x 600 900 x 1200 1200 x 1200

W (2) 1800 2650 3125

(3) 200 375 400

rl

(4) 725 1025 1280

r2

(5) 85 120 125

(6) 80 105 110

(7) 36 46 52

(8) 20 25 25

55

IS : 803 - 1976
TABLE 15 THICKNESS OF COVER PLATE, BOLTING FLANGE AND REINFORCING PLATE FOR FLUSH TYPE CLEANOUT FITTINGS ( see Fig. 18 )
( Clause 7.8 ) All dimensions in millimetres unless otherwise specified. MAXIMUM MINIMUMTHICKNESSOF BOLTING TANK FLANGEANDCOVERPLATE, tc FOR HEIGHT OPENING SIZE 600 x 600 900 x 1200 (1) m 6.0 10.25 12.5 16.0 18.25 (2) 10 12 12 14 16 (3) 16 19 22 25 25 MINIMUMTHICKNESSOF BOTTOM REINFORCINGPLATE, tb FOR OPENING SIZE 1200 x 1200 (7) 22 28 32 36 36

1 200 x 1 200 600 x 600 900 x 1200 (4) 16 22 22 25 28 (5) 12 12 14 16 28 (6) 22 25 28 32 38

TABLE 16 THICKNESS AND HEIGHT OF SHELL REINFORCING PLATE FOR CLEANOUT FITTINGS ( see Fig. 18 )
( Clause 7.8 ) All dimensions in millimetres unless otherwise specified. MAXIMUM THICKNESSOF SHELL REINFORCING HEIGHT OF REINFORCINGPLATE, L TANK PLATE, T FOR OPENING SIZE FOR OPENING SIZE HEIGHT 600 x 600 900 x 1200 1 200 x 1 200 600 x 600 900 x 1200 1200 x 1200 (1) m 6.00 10.25 12.50 16.00 18.25 t (2) t+3 t+5 t+6 t+l0 t+12 (3) t+2 t+3 t+5 t+8 t+6 of first shell course. (4) t+3 t+6 t+6 t+l0 t+12 (5) 850 850 850 850 850 (6) 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 (7) 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700

= thickness

NOTE 1 - Opening for a cleanout fitting shall be rectangular, except that the upper corners of the opening shell have a radius at least equal to one-third the greatest height of the clear opening. The width or height of the clear opening shall not exceed 1200 mm. NOTE 2 - The reinforced course shell plate. opening shall be completely preassembled into a first

NOTE 3 - If any plate in the unit has a thickness greater than 16 mm, then the attachment welds shall be thermally stress relieved at a temperature of 600 to 650°C for 1 hour per 25 mm of thickness.

56

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 18

TYPICALFLUSH TYPE CLEANOUTFITTINGS ( see Tables 14, 15 and 16 )

57

IS : 803 - 1976

58

IS : 803 - 1976
8.2 Straightening - Straightening of material shall be done by pressing before being laid out or worked on in any way, or by methods that will not injure it. Heating or hammering is not permissible unless the material is heated to a forging temperature. 8.3 Plate Edge Preparation - The edges of plates may be sheared, marked, chipped or machine oxygen-cut. Shearing shall be limited to 10.00 mm for butt-welded joints. When edges of plates are oxygen-cut, the resulting surface shall be uniform, smooth and free from scale and slag accumulations before welding. A fine film of rust adhering after wire brushing on cut or sheared edges that are to be welded need not be removed. Circumferential edges of roof and bottom sketch plates or annulars may be manually oxygen-cut. 8.4 Shaping of Shell Plates - Shell plates may be shaped to suit the curvature of the tank and erection procedure to the following schedule: Nominal Plate Thickness, Min Nominal Tank Diameter m mm 12 and less 5 20 and less 10 40 and less 13 All 16 Except where otherwise specified by the purchaser, shall be rolled to correct curvature. all shell plates

8.5 Shop Painting - Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, painting shall be as specified in 8.5.1 to 8.5.3. 8.5.1 All roof structural members, stairways, handrails, etc, shall be thoroughly cleaned and freed from rust and scale and painted with a primary coat of an approved paint before despatch. Tank plates shall be despatched unpainted. 8.5.2 Where facilities are available, it is recommended that the whole of the tank material including mounting should have the mill scale removed by pickling or alternatively by sand or shot-blasting and be painted with an approved primer immediately after cleaning. Protective coatings may be used on surfaces to be welded subj ect to their inclusion in a welding procedure qualification test, and acceptance thereof. 8.5.3 All machined surfaces and bolts and nuts shall be left unpainted and coated with an approved corrosion inhibitor in a petroleum base before despatch. 8.6 Marking 8.6.1 All plates and structural members shall be marked in accordance with a marking diagram to be supplied by the manufacturer, which shall also bear such other marks as may be required to facilitate erection. 59

IS : 803 - 1976
8.6.2 Erection marks shall be painted clearly on plates and structural members in white paint and shall be at least 50 mm high. In addition, they shall be hand stamped in symbols not less than 12 mm high, which in the case of plates, shall be in the corner approximately 150 mm from either edge. For curved plates, such marks shall be on the concave side. 8.7 Packing - All projecting plates and all ends of members at joints shall be stiffened, all straight plates shall be bundled, all screwed ends and machined surfaces shall be suitably packed, all rivets, bolts, railing connections and other small parts shall be packed separately and all other tank material shall be suitably packed so as to prevent damage or distortion during transit. 8.8 Inspection 8.8.1 The inspector shall have free access at all reasonable times to those parts of the manufacturer's works which are concerned with the fabrication of the steel work and shall be afforded all reasonable facilities for satisfying himself that the fabrication is being undertaken in accordance with the provisions of this standard. 8.8.2 Unless otherwise specified, inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to despatch and shall be conducted so as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the work. 8.8.3 The manufacturer shall guarantee compliance with the provisions of this standard if required to do so by the purchaser. 8.8.4 Should any structure or part of a structure be found not to comply with any of the provisions of this standard, it shall be liable to rejection. No structure or part of the structure once rejected shall be resubmitted for test except in cases where the purchaser or his authorized representative considers the defect as rectifiable. 8.8.5 Defects which may appear during fabrication shall be made good in a manner acceptable to the purchaser's inspector. 8.8.6 All gauges and templates necessary to satisfy the inspector shall be supplied by the manufacturer. The inspector may at his discretion check the test results obtained at the manufacturer's works by independent tests at the National Test House or elsewhere and should the material so tested be found to be unsatisfactory, the cost of such tests shall be borne by the manufacturer, and if satisfactory, the cost shall be borne by the purchaser.

9. SITE ERECTION
9.1 Foundations 9.1.1 The foundation for receiving the tank bottom shall be provided by the purchaser unless otherwise stated in the purchase order. It shall

60

IS : 803 - 1976
be properly consolidated. Where the bearing power of the soil is poor, special soil investigation shall be carried out to determine the most practical and economical procedure for stabilization of the tank foundation and determination of maximum allowable tank height. 9.1.2 All reasonable care shall be taken foundation during erection. to prevent damage to the

9.1.3 Level foundations shall be provided for tank erection. The foundation should have adequate bearing power to maintain the levelness of foundation till hydraulic test, which is essential for tank shells being buil t to tolerances specified in 9.3.5.1. 9.1.3.1 Where concrete ringwalls are provided under the shell, the top of the ringwall shall be level within ±3 mm in any 10 metres of circumference and within ±6 mm in the total circumference. 9.1.3.2 Where concrete ringwalls are not provided, the foundation under the shell shall be level within ±3 mm in any 3 metres of circumference and within ±12 mm in the total circumference. 9.2 Preparation of Materials - All materials shall be inspected and faired as necessary at site to ensure that any damage received during transportation is corrected before erection to the satisfaction of the purchaser's representative. Particular attention shall be given to the removal of buckles and other forms of distortion in shell and bottom plates. Irregularities and dirt which would prevent metal to metal contact at the jointing faces shall be removed. 9.3 Erection of Plates 9.3.1 Plate Holding Devices - The method of holding the plates in position during welding and all devices used for this purpose should be approved by the purchaser. 9.3.2 The first course of shell plates shall be held in position by metal clamps or other devices attached to the bottom plates whilst it is plumbed and checked for circularity and before it is tack welded to the bottom. 9.3.3 Lap Joints - All lap joints shall be held in close contact during welding and the surface in contact shall be thoroughly cleaned before assembly. 9.3.4 Erection Holes and Attachments 9.3.4.1 Holes in platework to assist in erection should be avoided as far as possible. The method of filling any holes made shall be approved by the purchaser. 9.3.4.2 Lugs attached by welding to the tank and required only for the purpose of erection shall be removed on completion of erection without

61

IS : 803 - 1976
damaging the parent metal. Such areas shall be inspected carefully and shall be reinforced by weld deposit if required. All such weldments on the exterior of tank shall be ground smooth to present a neat appearance. 9.3.5 Circularity and Shape 9.3.5.1 Tank shells shall be built to the following tolerances to produce a tank of acceptable appearance and to permit proper functioning of floating roofs. These tolerances may be waived by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer: a) The maximum out-of-plumbness of the top of the shell relative to the bottom of the shell shall not exceed 1/200 of the total tank height. b) Radii measured at 300 mm above the bottom corner weld shall not exceed the following tolerances: Diameter Range, m Radius Tolerance, mm ±12 ±18 ±25 ±32

o to 12 excluding
12 to 45 excluding 45 to 75 excluding Over 75

c) Peaking of vertical weld joints measured over an arc length of 1 m shall not exceed 12 mm. d) Bending of horizontal weld joints measured by a straightedge of 1 m length shall not exceed 12 mm. 9.3.5.2 The top of the tank shell shall be carefully checked for circularity, dimensions and level before the roof members (fixed roof tank) or the primary wind girder (floating roof tank) are erected. 9.3.6 Alignment 9.3.6.1 Plates to be joined by butt welding shall be matched accurately and retained in position during the welding operation. Misalignment in completed vertical joints shall not exceed 10 percent of the plate thickness or 1.5 mm for plates 20 mm thick and under, and 3 mm for plates over 20 mm thick, whichever is the larger. 9.3.6.2 In completed horizontal butt joints, the upper plate shall not project beyond the face of the lower plate at any point by more than 20 percent of the thickness of the upper plate, with a maximum of 3 mm, except that a projection of 1.5 mm is permissible of upper plate less than 8 mm thick. 9.3.7 Tank shells shall be safeguarded from damage due to wind by provision of steel wire guys or any other means until completion of roof framing or the wind girder in the case of an open top tank.

62

IS : 803 - 1976
9.4 Tolerances in Floating Roof Tanks 9.4.1 The differences in the gap between the shell and the periphery of the roof during erection of the roof shall not exceed 12 mm from the nominal gap. 9.4.2 The distance from the centre of the floating roof assembly to the vertical face of its outer circumferential rim, prior to fitting the sealing mechanism, shall have a tolerance of 12 mm for tanks up to 44-metre diameter and 25 mm for tanks with diameters over 44 metres. 9.4.3 Notwithstanding the various tolerances for shell dimensions, and the floating roof, the difference in the gap between the shell and the peri phery of the roof shall not exceed 50 mm from the nominal value or such other limit specified by the manufacturer depending on the adaptability of the sealing mechanism provided by the manufacturer. 10. SITE WELDING 10.1 General 10.1.1 Tanks and their structural attachments shall be welded by the metal arc or submerged-arc process. The welding may be performed manually, automatically or semi-automatically using suitable equipment. 10.1.2 The welding procedure in general and the qualification of welders shall be as specified in IS : 823-1964* and IS : 817-1966t. 10.2 Welding Sequence 10.2.1 The welding sequence for tack welding and final welding of the bottom, shell and roof plates shall be such as to minimize the distortion due to welding shrinkage. 10.2.2 The welding sequence to be adopted shall be the subj ect of agreement between the purchaser and the erector. 10.3 Weather Conditions - Welding shall not be carried out when the surfaces of the parts to be welded are wet from any cause and during periods of rain and high winds unless the welder and work are properly shielded. Welding shall not be done when the base metal temperature is less than - 18°C. When the base metal temperature is between - 18°C and O°C or the thickness is in excess of 32 mm, the surface of the two plates to be joined shall be pre-heated to a temperature warm to the hand to a distance of not less than four times the plate thickness, or 75 mm, whichever is the greater, in any direction, before welding is begun, and during the course of the welding operation this pre-heat temperature shall be maintained in the specified area.
*Code of procedure for manual metal arc welding of mild steel. tCode of practice for training and testing of metal arc welders ( revised ).

63

IS : 803 - 1976
10.4 Electrodes - Electrodes shall be in accordance with IS : 814 (Part I)-1974* or IS : 814 (Part II)-1974t as required. They shall be stored in a dry place in their original packets or cartons. 10.5 Tack Welds - Tack welds used in the assembly of the vertical joints of tank shells, and those used for assembling the shell to the bottom shell be removed and shall not remain in the finished joint. Tack welds in the bottom, roof and circumferential joints of the shell, and other joints, need not be removed provided they are sound and the subsequent weld beads are thoroughly fused into the tack welds. 10.6 Welding Procedure 10.6.1 Each layer of weld metal in multi-layer welding shall be cleaned of slag and other deposits before the next layer is applied. Slag shall also be removed from the finished welds before inspection. 10.6.2 The reverse side of full penetration butt joints shall be cleaned thoroughly prior to the application of the first bead to this side, in a manner that will leave the exposed surface suitable for the fusion of the weld metal to be added. This may be done by chipping, grinding or gouging, or when the back of the initial bead is smooth and free from crevices which might entrap slag, by other methods which may, upon field inspection, be acceptable to the purchaser. 10.6.3 The weld metal of both sides of all butt joints shall be built up so that the finished face in the area of fusion extends above the surface of the adjoining plates, or the thinner plate joined, preferably by not more than 1.5 mm. 10.6.4 There shall be no undercutting of the base metal, except on horizontal welds where undercutting up to 1 mm is permissible. 10.6.5 The edges of all welds shall merge with the surface of the adjoining plates without a sharp angle. 10.6.6 Peening of welds shall not be carried out except by agreement between the tank erector and the purchaser. In no case shall the final layer of the weld be peened. 10.6.7 Welding procedures used shall produce weldments whose mechanical properties are consistent with the plate material joined. Welding procedure qualifications for vertical and horizontal welds for design metal temperatures less than 10ce shall include impact tests in the weld metal and heat affected zone. The impact tests shall show an average of at least 25.5 N.m (2.5 kgf.m) at the design metal temperature.
*Specification for covered electrodes for metal arc welding of structural steel: Part I For welding products other than sheets (fourth revision ). tSpecification for covered electrodes for metal arc welding of structural steel: Part II For welding sheets (fourth revision ).

64

IS : 803 - 1976
Weld metal impact specimens shall be taken across the weld with the notch in the weld metal. The specimen shall be oriented so that the notch is normal to the surface of the material. One face of the specimen shall be substantially parallel to and within 1.5 mm of the surface of material 25 mm and thinner. For material more than 25 mm thickness, the impact specimens shall be taken as near midway between the surface and the centre of thickness as practical. Heat-affected zone impact specimens shall be taken across the weld and as near the surface of the material as is practical. The specimens shall be of sufficient length to locate, after etching, the notch in the heat-affected zone. The notch shall be cut approximately normal to the material surface to include as much heat-affected zone material as possible in the resulting fracture.

10.7 Inspection 10.7.1 The purchaser's inspector shall have at all times free entry to all
parts of the job while work under the contract is being performed. The manufacturer shall afford to purchaser's inspector, free of cost, reasonable facilities to assure him that the work is being performed in accordance with this standard. damaged by defective workmanship, or otherwise defective, shall be rejected. The manufacturer shall be liable to furnish new material promptly or correct defective workmanship to the satisfaction of the purchaser's inspectors.

10.7.2 Material

11. RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECTION OF SHELL JOINTS

Spot radiographic inspection by X-ray or gammaray shall be confined to shell joints on tanks where a joint efficiency factor of 0.85 is specified. Procedure and technique adopted shall be In accordance with IS : 1182-1967* and IS : 2595-1963t.

11.1 Application -

11.2 Preparation

for Examination

All butt-welded

joints to be

radiographed shall be prepared as follows: The weld ripples or weld surface irregularities on both the inside and outside shall be removed by any suitable mechanical process to such a degree that the radiographic contrast resulting from any irregularities cannot mask or be confused with the image or any objectionable defect. Also, the weld surface shall merge smoothly into the plate surface. The finished surface of the reinforcement may be flush with the plate or may have a reasonable uniform crown not to exceed the following values:
*Recommended practice for radiographic examination of fusion welded butt joints in steel plates ( first revision ). tCode of practice for radiographic testing.

65

IS : 803 - 1976
Plate Thickness
mm

Maximum

Thickness
mm

of Reinforcement

Up to 12, including Over 12 and up to 25 including Over 25 11.3 Number and Location of Radiographs

1.5

2.5 3

11.3.1 Radiographs shall be taken as follows: a) Vertical Joints - One spot radiograph shall be taken in the first 3 m of completed vertical joint of each type and thickness welded by each welder or welding operator. Thereafter, without regard to the number of welders or welding operators working thereon, one additional spot radiograph shall be taken in each additional 25 m (approximately), and any remaining major fraction thereof, of vertical joints of the same type and thickness. At least 25 percent of the selected spots shall be at junctions of vertical and horizontal joints, with a minimum of two such intersections per tank. b) Horizontal Joints - Where complete penetration and complete fusion are specified, one spot radiograph shall be taken in the first 3 m of completed horizontal joint of the same type and thickness (based on the thickness of the thicker plate at the joint), without regard to the number of welders or welding operators working thereon. Thereafter, one radiograph shall be taken in each additional 50 m (approximately) and any remaining major fraction thereof, of horizontal joint of the same type and thickness. c) For the purpose of this section, plates shall be considered of the same thickness when the difference in the specified or design thickness does not exceed 0.8 mm. d) When two or more tanks are erected in the same location for the same purchaser, either concurrently or continuously, the number of spot radiographs to be taken may be based on the aggregate length of welds of the same type and thickness in each group of tanks rather than on the length of weld in each individual tank. 11.3.2 It is to be recognized that the same welder or welding operator may or may not weld both sides of the same butt joint. It is therefore permissible to inspect the work of two welders or welding operators with one spot radiograph if they weld opposite sides of the same butt joint. When a spot radiograph is rejected, it shall be determined by further spot radiographs whether one or both welders or welding operators were at fault. 11.3.3 As far as possible, an equal number of spot radiographs shall be taken from the work of each welder or welding operator, except that this requirement shall not apply where the length of joint welded by a welder or welding operator is much less than average.

66

IS : 803 - 1976
11.3.4 The locations for taking spot radiographs may be determined by the purchaser's inspector. 11.3.5 As welding progresses, radiographs practicable. shall be taken as soon as

11.4 Film - Each radiograph shall clearly show a minimum of 150 mm of weld length. The film shall be centred on the weld and shall be of sufficient width to permit adequate space for the location of identification marks and thickness gauge or penetrometer. 11.5 Film Defects - All radiographs shall be free from excessive mechanical processing defects which would interfere with proper interpretation of the radiographs. 11.6 Submission of Radiographs - Prior to any repairs of welds, the radiographs shall be submitted to the inspector, who may be nominated by the purchaser, with such information as he may request regarding the radiographic technique used. 11.7 Radiographic Standards - Sections of welds which are shown by radiography to have any of the following imperfections, shall be judged unacceptable: a) Any crack, incomplete fusion, or incomplete penetration. b) Any individual elongated inclusion having a length greater than two-thirds the thickness of the thinner plate of the joint. However, regardless of the plate thickness, no such inclusion shall be longer than 20 mm, and no such inclusion shorter than 6 mm shall be the cause for rejection. c) Any group of inclusions in line, where the sum of the longest dimensions of all such imperfections is greater than T (where Tis the thickness of the thinner plate joined) in a length of 6T, except when each of the individual spaces between imperfections is greater than three times the length of the longer of the adjacent imperfections. When the length of the radiograph is less than 6T, the permissible sum of the lengths of all inclusions shall be proportionately less than T, provided the limits of the deficient welding are clearly defined. d) Porosity in excess of that shown as acceptable in the following specifications: 1) The total area of porosity as determined from the radiographic film shall not exceed 0.060T mm2 in any 150 mm length of weld, where T is the thickness of the weld. If the weld is less than 150 mm long, the total area of porosity shall be reduced in proportion. The maximum pore dimension shall be 20 percent of T or 3 mm, whichever is smaller, except that an isolated pore

67

IS : 803 - 1976
separated from an adjacent pore by 25 mm or more may be 30 percent of T or 6 mm, whichever is less. Dark images of a generally circular or oval shape shall be interpreted as porosity for the purposes of this standard. 2) The porosity charts in Fig. 20 to 23 illustrate various types of assorted and uniform, randomly dispersed porosity indications. These charts represent the maximum acceptable porosity for each thickness. The charts represent full-scale 150 mm radiographs and shall not be enlarged or reduced. The porosity distributions shown are not necessarily the patterns that may appear on the radiograph but are typical of the number and size of indications permitted. When porosity indications differ significantly from the porosity charts, the actual numbers and sizes of the pores may be measured and the total area of porosity calculated. 3) In any 25 mm length of weld or 2T, whichever is smaller, porosity may be clustered to a concentration four times that permitted by 0.060T. Such clustered porosity shall be included in the porosity in any 150 mm length of weld which includes the cluster. 4) Aligned porosity shall be acceptable, provided the summation of the diameters of the pores is not more than T in a length 12T or 150 mm, whichever is less. However, each pore shall be separated by a distance at least six times the diameter of the largest adjacent pore. Aligned porosity indications shall be counted in the total area of permissible indications in any 100 mm length of weld. 5) Permissible porosity indications for weld thicknesses intermediate to those illustrated may be evaluated either by comparison with the next thinner material or by calculation, as shown in Table 17. 11.8 Determination of Limits of Defective Welding - When a section of weld is shown by a radiograph to be unacceptable under the provisions of 11.7, or the limits of the deficient welding are not defined by such radiograph, two adjacent spots shall be examined by radiography. However, if the original radiograph shows at least 75 mm of acceptable weld between the defect and anyone edge of the film, an additional radiograph need not be taken of the weld on that side of the defect. If the weld at either of the two adjacent sections fails to comply with the requirements of 11.7, additional nearby spots shall be examined until the limits of unacceptable welding are determined; or the erector may replace all the welding performed by the welder or welding operator on that joint. If the welding is replaced, the inspector shall have the option of requiring that one radiograph be taken at any selected location on any other joint on which the same welder (or operator) has welded. If any

68

IS : 803 - 1976
of such additional spots fails to comply with the requirements of 11.7, the limi ts of unacceptable welding shall be determined as specified for the initial section. 11.9 Repair of Defective Welds - Defects in welds shall be repaired by chipping or melting out such defects from one or from both sides of the joint, as required, and rewelding. Only sufficient cutting out of defective joints is required as is necessary to correct the defects. All repaired welds in joints shall be checked by repeating the original test procedure. 11.10 Record of Radiographic Examination - A record shall be made by the erector of all films, with their identification marks, on a developed shell plate diagram. After the completion of the structure, the films shall be the property of the purchaser, unless otherwise agreed between the purchaser and the erector.
TABLE 17 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE POROSITY INDICATIONS IN RADIOGRAPHS PER 150 mm LENGTH OF WELD ( see Fig. 20 to 23 ) [ Clause 11.7( d )(5) ]
WELD THICKNESS TOTAL AREA OF PERMITTED POROSITY LARGE PORES MEDIUM PORE FINE PORE

Size (3) mm

Number (4)

Size (5) mm 0.6 0.80 0.90 1.0 1.20 1.4

Number (6)

Size (7) mm 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.90 1.0

Number (8) 40 100 101 99 101 99 100

(1) 3 6 12 20 25 40 50

(2) cm2 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.60 0.80

2.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

4 4 5 7 10

31 40 50 50 50 51

12. TESTING OF TANKS 12.1 Bottom Testing 12.1.1 After the bottom and at least the bottom course of shell plates have been welded, the bottom shall be tested by pumping air beneath the bottom plates to a pressure just sufficient to lift them off the foundation and in any case, not less than 100 mmH20 gauge. The pressure shall be held by the construction of a temporary dam of clay or other suitable material around the tank periphery. Soap suds or other suitable material shall be applied to all joints for detection of leaks.

69

IS : 803 - 1976
12.1.2 Subject to agreement of the purchaser, fuel oil may be used instead of air and soap suds to test for leaks. 12.1.3 Alternatively, the bottom seams may be tested by the vacuum box method. Figure 24 shows typical details of a vacuum box. 12.2 Shell Testing 12.2.1 The shells of fixed roof tanks shall be tested after the completion of the roof; those of open-top or floating roof tanks after completion of the wind girder. Whenever possible, testing shall be by filling the tank with water to the level of the top leg of the top-curb angle and noting any leaks. When floating roofs are erected by floatation method, the shell shall be tested concurrently with erection. 12.2.2 Where local conditions are such that testing with water is impractical, the tank shall be tested by painting or spraying all joints on the inside with a highly penetrating oil and noting any leaks, or by pressurising the tank with air, the air pressure not exceeding the weight of the roof plates, and carefully examining the joints for any leakage by means of soap suds. 12.3 Fixed Roof Testing 12.3.1 When the tank-shell is tested with water, the roof shall be tested by pumping air under the roof plates while the tank is still full of water. In the case of non-pressure tanks, the roof shall be tested to a pressure of 73 mmH20 gauge; in the case of pressure roof tanks to a pressure of one-and-a-quarter times the pressure at which the pressure side of the pressure/vacuum-relief valve is designed to open. Soap suds or other suitable material shall be applied to all joints for the detection of leaks. Alternatively, the roof weld seams may be tested by vacuum box method. 12.3.2 When water is not available for testing the tank-shell, the roof shall be tested by air as described in 12.2.2. 12.4 Repair of Leaks 12.4.1 All leaks detected during testing shall be repaired to the satisfaction of the purchaser and on completion the entire tanks shall be tight and free from leaks. 12.4.2 In the joints between roof plates only, pinhole leaks may be repaired by mechanical caulking. However, where there is any indication of considerable porosity the leaks shall be sealed by laying down an additional layer of weld metal over the porous sections. 12.4.3 In all other joints, whether between shell plates or bottom plates or both, leaks shall be repaired only by welding, if necessary, after first cutting out the defective part. 12.4.4 When the tank is filled with water for testing, defects in the shell joints shall be repaired with the water level at least 300 mm below the joint being repaired.

70

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG.20

RADIOGRAPHIC IN ANY TABLE (see

POROSITY

STANDARDS -

TYPICAL NUMBER

AND SIZE

PERMITTED

150 mm LENGTH OF WELD, 12 mm WELD 17 ), TOTAL PORE AREA PERMITTED 0.20

TrnCKNESS cm2

71

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 21

RADIOGRAPHIC IN ANY TABLE

POROSITY

STANDARDS -

TYPICAL NUMBER

AND SIZE

PERMITTED

( see

150 mm LENGTH OF WELD, 20 mm WELD THICKNESS 17 ), TOTAL PORE AREA PERMITTED 0.30 cm2

72

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 22

RADIOGRAPHIC IN ANY TABLE (see

POROSITY

STANDARDS -

TYPICAL NUMBER

AND SIZE

PERMITTED

150 mm LENGTH OF WELD, 25 mm WELD THICKNESS 17 ), TOTAL PORE AREA PERMITTED 0.40 cm2

73

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 23 RADIOGRAPHIC POROSITY STANDARDS PERMITTED IN ANY 150 mm LENGTH OF WELD, (see TABLE

17 ),

TYPICAL NUMBER AND SIZE mm WELD THICKNESS TOTAL PORE AREA PERMITTED 0.80 cm2

50

74

IS : 803 - 1976

FIG. 24

DETAIL OF TYPICAL VACUUM Box

75

IS : 803 - 1976
12.4.5 No welding shall be done on any tank unless all lines connecting thereto have been completely blanked off. No repairs shall be attempted on tanks while filled with oil, nor any tanks which have contained oil until the tanks have been emptied, cleaned and gas freed in a safe manner. No repairs shall be attempted by the erector on a tank which has contained oil except in a manner approved in writing by the purchaser, and in the absence of the purchaser's inspector.

APPENDIX
( Clause 3.3 )

INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED BY PURCHASER A-I. The following information shall be supplied by the purchaser in his
enquiry: a) Location of tank; b) Nominal capacity of tank; c) Tank diameter and/or height restrictions; d) Internal tank pressure and/or vacuum; e) Rate of filling and emptying tank; f) Product to be stored, its design specific gravity; g) Minimum ambient temperature where tank is located or design metal temperature; h) Corrosion allowance for shell, bottom, roof, structure and other parts; j) Maximum wind speeds; k) Earthquake factor; m) Any additional loads to be considered for tank design; n) Type of foundation, and bearing capacity of the soil; p) List of mountings required and their location on the tank; q) Type of bottom construction - lap or butt welded; r) Type of roof, namely, cone, dome or open-top. In case of supported cone column supported or truss supported; s) Extent of painting required and surface preparation; and t) Scope of supply of tank manufacturer.

76

IS : 803 - 1976

APPENDIX
( Clause 6.3.9 )

ALTERNATE DESIGN FOR TANK SHELLS B-1. GENERAL B-1.1 The rules given in this appendix permit the use of a higher design
stress and a design based on the specific gravity of the product to be stored. These rules can be applied only when specified by the purchaser.

B-1.2 The purchaser

should give special consideration to foundations, corrosion allowance, or any other protective measures deemed necessary. Shells designed on the basis of these rules shall incorporate all provisions of this appendix. For all other details, provisions of the code shall apply.

B-2. MATERIALS B-2.1 Plate materials specified in 4.1 shall be used without impact testing
on tank shells and its reinforcements under these rules for design metal temperatures greater than 10°C.

B-2.2 For temperatures lower than 10°C, up to - 20°C materials listed in 4.1, with the exception of steel conforming to IS : 226-1975*, steels
shall be used and shall demonstrate adequate notch toughness at the design metal temperature. Each plate as rolled shall be impact tested at the design metal temperature to show that the average of three Charpy V-notch full sized specimens is a minimum of 4 kgf.m (longitudinal) or 2.5 kgf.m (transverse).

B-2.3 Plate materials

used for insert type reinforcement in thickness greater than 50 mm shall conform to IS: 2002-1962t Grade 2B or IS : 2041-1962:j:and shall meet test requirements as specified above.

B-2.4 Piping and flanges used shall meet specifications listed under 4.5
and 4.6 respectively and shall have a minimum Charpy V-notch impact strength of 20 N.m (2 kgf.m) (full sized specimen) at the design metal temperature when it is below 10°C.

B-3. ALLOWABLE STRESS B-3.1 The maximum allowable stress including the joint efficiency factor
for designing shells shall be 0.7 of the minimum yield stress or 0.4 of the minimum ultimate tensile stress whichever is less, except that an additional safety factor of 1.05 shall be considered in computing maximum allowable stress values for designing the bottom course of tank shells.
*Specification for structural steel (standard quality) (fifth revision ). tSpecification for steel plates for boilers. :j:Specification for steel plates for pressure vessels.

77

IS : 803 - 1976 B-4. PLATE THICKNESS B-4.1 The minimum thickness of shell plates shall not be less than that
calculated from the following formula or according to 6.3.3.2 whichever is greater:

t - 4.9 or
= 50 _

D.G

+ c where 8 is in N/mm2

D.G

+ c where 8 is in kgf/cm2

where
= minimum thickness in mm; D = nominal diameter of tank in m; H = height from the bottom of the course under consideration to top

curb angle or to bottom of any overflow which limits tank filling height in m; G = specific gravity of liquid to be stored; 8 = allowable stress as computed from B-3.1; and c = corrosion allowance in mm to be specified by purchaser, but not less than 1.5 mm.

B-4.2 The manufacturer may use a combination of high strength steel for lower courses and low strength steel for upper courses, provided that the thickness of any course is not less than the course immediately above it. B-5. HYDROSTATIC STRESSES B-5.1 Stresses in plates due to hydrostatic loading shall not exceed 3/7 of
minimum ultimate tensile stress of the material used. Plate thicknesses determined by B-4.1 or 6.3.3.2 shall be checked for hydrostatic stresses 81 by the following equation and shall be increased as required to keep it within specified limits: 81 = 4.9 _ or
= 50 _

D N/mm2. 3/7 Min UTS

D kgf/cm2. 3/7 Min UTS

B-6. SHELL CONNECTIONS B-6.1 All shell opening connections which require reinforcement shall be
attached by welds fully penetrating the shell. Where insert type reinforcements, shown in Fig. 25, are used, they shall be butt-welded into the shell as shown, with the welds having complete penetration and

78

IS : 803 - 1976
fusion. Welds attaching manholes and nozzles into these insert plates may have partial penetration as shown in Fig. 25. B-6.2 All opening connections 300 mm or larger in nominal diameter welded into a shell plate exceeding 25 mm in thickness shall be prefabricated into the shell plate ofthickened insert plate and this complete assembly shall be stress-relieved before erection. Alternatively, all weldments and the heat-affected zones on this assembly may be locally stress-relieved by electric induction heating method, however, prior to welding the plate assembly into the tank. The stress-relieving requirements do not apply to the weld to the bottom annular plate, except for flush type cleanout openings. All flush types cleanout openings, including the bottom reinforcing plate or annular plate shall be stress-relieved. B-6.2.I Where stress relief has been performed, the spacing from the periphery weld to a shell butt-weld shall be at least 150 mm from vertical joints or 75 mm from horizontal joints provided that, in either case, the spacing is not less than 3 times the shell thickness. These rules shall also apply to the bottom-to-shell joint except that, as an alternative the insert plate or reinforcing plate may extend to and intersect the bottom-to-shell joint at approximately 90°. B-6.3 All welds attaching manholes and nozzles shall be examined by magnetic particle inspection, after stress-relieving if any, but before the hydrosta tic test of the tank. B-6.4 Flush type cleanout openings in accordance with 7.8 are permissible with the following exception: a) The material for shell plate in the cleanout opening assembly, the shell reinforcing plate, the tank bottom reinforcing plate and the neck plate shall conform to requirements of B-2. b) The maximum height of the opening in the shell shall not exceed 900mm. c) The upper corner radius "t of a 900 x 1 200 mm shell opening ( see Table 14) shall be 600 mm. B-6.5 Piping attached to nozzles on the shell shall be designed to have maximum flexibility to eliminate or minimize loads on the shell connections imposed by its restraint. Nozzle reinforcements shall also be designed to take care of any additional loading caused by piping or other attachments.

B-7. RADIOGRAPHY B-7.I The following additional radiography over the requirements specified
in 11 shall be carried out on tanks built under the rules of this appendix: a) On shell plates up to 10 mm thickness, one additional radiograph shall be taken on all vertical joints.

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IS : 803 - 1976

FIG.25

INSERT TYPE REINFORCEMENT FOR MANHOLES AND NOZZLES

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IS : 803 - 1976
b) On shell plates greater than 10 mm and up to and including 25 mm, all the joints shall be radiographed showing at least 50 mm of horizontal weld on either side of the intersection. On the lowest course, one additional radiograph shall be taken as close as practicable to the shelllbottom fillet weld. c) On shell plates greater than 25 mm, vertical welds shall be fully radiographed. Additionally, all the joints shall be radiographed showing at least 50 mm of horizontal weld on either side of the intersection. d) Butt welds around insert type reinforcements shall be fully radiographed. B-S. WELDING PROCEDURES AND INSPECTION B-S.1 Low-hydrogen electrodes shall be used for all manual metal-arc welds of shell courses having a thickness of 14 mm or more. B-S.2 Welding procedures used shall produce weldments whose mechanical properties are consistent with the plate material joined. Welding procedure qualifications for vertical and horizontal welds for design metal temperatures less than 10cC shall include impact tests in the weld metal and heat-affected zone. The impact tests shall show an average of at least 25 N.m (2.5 kgf.m) at the design metal temperature. B-S.2.1 Weld metal impact specimens shall be taken across the weld with the notch in the weld metal. The specimen shall be oriented so that the notch is normal to the surface of the material. One face of the specimen shall be substantially parallel to and within 1.5 mm of the surface of material 25 mm and thinner. For material more than 25 mm thickness, the impact specimens shall be taken as near midway between the surface and the centre of thickness as practical. B-S.2.2 Heat-affected zone impact specimens shall be taken across the weld and as near the surface of the material as is practical. The specimens shall be of sufficient length to locate, after etching, the notch in the heat-affected zone. The notch shall be cut approximately normal to the material surface to include as much heat-affected zone material as possible in the resulting fracture. B-S.3 When the service conditions might include the presence of hydrogen sulphide, it is recommended that consideration be given to the hardness of the inside welds, including the heat-affected zone, in order to minimize the possibility of stress corrosion cracking. The weld metal and adjacent heat-affected zone often contain a zone of hardness well in excess ofRC 22 and could be expected to be more susceptible to cracking than unwelded material. Any hardness criteria should be a matter of agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer and should be based on an evaluation of the expected hydrogen sulphide concentration in the product, the

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IS : 803 - 1976
possibility of moisture being present on the inside metal surface, and the strength and hardness characteristics of base metal and weld metal.

B-9. FOUNDATION B-9.1 The selection of the tank site and the design and construction of the
foundation shall be given careful consideration in order to ensure adequate tank support. Concrete ringwall foundations shall be considered. The adequacy of the foundation is the responsibility of the purchaser.

APPENDIX
( Clause 6.4.2.5 )

VENT SIZING FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND LOW PRESSURE TANKS C-l. SCOPE C-l.l This appendix applies to the normal and emergency venting
requirements for above ground fixed-roof tanks for liquid petroleum storage, designed to specifications of this code. The following rules outline safe and reasonable practices for the normal climatic and normal operating conditions.

C-1.2 Where abnormal conditions exist or are anticipated, such as tanks

containing heated oil, receiving oil from wells or traps, using flame arrestors or such restrictions and tanks subjected to pipe line surges, larger venting capacity than that indicated by the provisions of this appendix may have to be provided.

C-2. DETERMINATION OF VENTING REQUIREMENTS C-2.1 Venting

requirements shall be computed for the following conditions: a) Vacuum or inbreathing owing to maximum outflow of oil from tank. b) Vacuum or inbreathing owing to vapour contraction resulting from a sharp decrease in atmospheric temperature. c) Pressure or outbreathing caused by maximum inflow of oil into tanks and the resulting maximum evaporation. d) Pressure or outbreathing due to expansion and evaporation caused by maximum increase in atmospheric temperatures (thermal breathing). e) Pressure or outbreathing owing to fire exposure. 82

IS : 803 - 1976 C-3. NORMAL VENTING CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS C-3.1 Normal venting capacity shall be computed without exceeding the
normal operating pressure or vacuum conditions, thus avoiding physical damage to the tank.

C-3.2 Total normal venting capacity shall not be less than the total of the venting requirements arising out of oil movement and thermal effect. For tanks storing volatile liquids, the required normal venting capacity may be reduced since vapour formation and condensation which occur within the permissible vessel operating pressure, shall provide the venting requirements partially or fully. This should be taken into account where noncondensables are present.
to be provided for maximum oil movement from the tank should be equivalent to 15 m3 per hour of maximum emptying rate. This also includes gravitational flow of oil to other tanks, for oils of any flash point.

C-3.3 Vacuum Relief C-3.3.1 Venting capacity required

C-3.3.2 For tanks storing oils of any flash point venting capacity required
resulting from thermal inbreathing shall not be less than that shown in col 2 of Table 18.

C-3.4 Pressure Relief C-3.4.1 Venting capacity required for maximum movement of oil into
tank and the resulting evaporation, should be equivalent to: a) 17.5 m3 of free air per hour for each 15 m3 per hour of maximum filling rate, for oils with a flash point of 40°C or above; and b) 35 m3 of free air per hour for each 15 m3 per hour of maximum filling rate for oils with a flash point below 40°C. including thermal evaporation, for a given tank capacity should be equivalent to: a) values shown in col 3 of Table 18 for oils with a flash point of 40°C or above, and b) value shown in col 4 of Table 18 for oils with a flash point below 40°C.

C-3.4.2 Venting capacity required for thermal outbreathing,

C-4. EMERGENCY VENTING CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS C-4.0 In the event of a storage tank getting exposed to fire, the venting
rate may be in excess of that resulting from a combination of normal thermal effects and oil movement. Provision of additional venting capacity in such cases shall be dictated by the type of construction.

C-4.1 Tanks Having a Weak Roof-to-Shell Attachment - In the case

of fixed roof tanks with a roof-to-shell attachment (maximum 5 mm

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IS : 803 - 1976
single- fillet weld) excess pressure will be safely relieved by the preferential failure of the weak roof-to-shell junction, should the normal venting capacity prove inadequate. Provision of additional emergency venting requirements will not be necessary for tanks built to such specification.

C-4.2 Tanks Without Weak Roof-to-Shell Connection - For tanks not having a weak roof-to-shell connection as described in C-4.1, the required venting capacity for fire exposure will be evaluated as outlined below: a) For tanks designed for pressures of 10 N/cm2 (1 kgf/cm2) or below, the total rate of venting shall be determined in accordance with Table 19. No increase in venting is required for tanks with more than 280 m2 of exposed wetted surface. b) For tanks and storage vessels designed for pressures over 10 N/cm2 (1 kgf/cm-') the total rate of venting shall be determined in accordance with Table 19 for the exposed wetted area not exceeding 280 m2. For exposed wetted area exceeding 280 m2, the total rate of venting shall be calculated by the following formula: CMH = 220 A 0.82
where CMH = venting requirement in m3 of free air per hour at 10 N/cm2 (1 kgf/cm-) and 15°C, and A = exposed wetted surface in m2. Wetted area for the tank shall be the total exposed area of the shell in m2 within a maximum height of 10 m above grade.

C-4.3 The total venting requirements in m3 of free air as enumerated in Table 19 and derived from the formula given in C-4.2 (b) are based on the
assumption that the liquid contained in the storage vessel will have similar characteristics as that of hexane since this will provide results which are within an acceptable degree of accuracy as desired, the total emergency venting requirement for any specific liquid may be determined by the following formula: CMH of free air = V. 750 where

LJM

V = volume of free air in m3 per hour from Table 19 or the formula in C-4.2 (b),
L = latent heat of vaporization of the specific liquid in calories per gram, and M = molecular mass of the specific liquid. 84

IS : 803 - 1976 C-4.4 Since the normal thermal effect can be disregarded during a fire, full credit may be taken for the vent capacity provided for normal venting and it can also be assumed that there will be no oil movement into the tanks. C-4.5 Total venting capacity shall in no case be less than the values enumerated in Table 19 and in the event of the normal vents being inadequate, additional emergency vents of the type described in C-5.1(b) shall be provided. C-4.6 The vent size may be calculated on the basis of maximum allowable working pressure.
and C-4.2(b) may be multiplied appropriately by one of the following factors when additional protection is provided: a) 0.5 when drainage is provided away from the tank or vessel. b) 0.3,0.15 and 0.075 when 25 mm, 50 mm and 100 mm thickness of external insulation is provided respectively.

C-4.7 The total rate of emergency venting as obtained from C-4.2(a)

C-5. NORMAL VENTING C-5.1 Normal venting shall be accomplished by a pilot-operated relief
valve, pressure relief valve, pressure vacuum (PV) valve, or an open vent with or without a flame-arresting device in accordance with the following requiremen ts: a) A pilot-operated relief valve, if used, shall be so designed that the main valve will open automatically and protect the tank in the event of failure of the pilot valve diaphragm or other essential functioning device. Relief valves equipped with a weight and level, as far as possible, should not be used. b) A pressure relief valve is applicable on tanks operating above atmospheric pressure; in cases where a vacuum can be created within a tank, vacuum protection may be required. c) PV valves are recommended for use on atmospheric storage tanks in which oil with a flash point below 38°C is stored and for use on tanks containing oil which is heated above the flash point of the oil. A flame arrester is not considered necessary for use in conjunction with a PV valve. d) Open vents with a flame-arresting device may be used in place ofPV valves on tanks in which oil with a flash point below 38°C is stored and on tanks containing oil which is heated above the flash point of the oil. e) Open vents may be used to provide venting capacity for tanks in which oil with a flash point of 38°C above is stored, for heated tanks where the oil storage temperature is below the oil flash point, for tanks with a capacity of less than 10 m3 used for the storage of any

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IS : 803 - 1976
product, and for tanks with a capacity of less than 500 m3 used for the storage of crude oil. f) In the case of viscous oils, such as cutback and penetration grade asphalts, where the danger of tank collapse resulting from sticking pallets or from plugging of flame arrestors is greater than the possibility of flame transmission into the tank, open vents may be used as an exception to the requirement for PV valves or flame-arresting devices as called for in (c) and (d) above.
TABLE 18 THERMAL VENTING CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS
( Clauses C-3.3.2 and C-3.4.2 ) [Expressed in cubic metres of free air per hour at 10 N/cm2 (1 kgf/cm-) and 15°C] TANKCAPACITY VACUUM (INBREATHING) (2) 1.75 3 15 30 60 86 115 145 285 425 570 680 795 880 965 1050 1135 1245 1360 1475 1590 1700 1925 2125 2325 2550 with intermediate PRESSURE(OUTBREATHING) Flash Point 40°C or Above (3) 1.25 1.75 8.5 17 35 50 70 85 170 255 340 425 485 540 595 655 680 765 825 880 965 1020 1160 1275 1415 1530 capacities, Flash Point Below 40°C (4) 1.75 3 15 30 60 85 115 145 285 425 570 680 795 880 965 1050 1135 1245 1360 1475 1590 1700 1925 2125 2325 2550 by

(1) m3
7.5 12 60 120 240 360 480 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 4200 4800 5400 6000 7200 8350 9550 10750 11950 14300 16700 19100 21500 NOTE - For tanks interpolation.

values may be computed

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IS : 803 - 1976
TABLE 19 TOTAL RATE OF EMERGENCY VENTING REQUIRED FOR FIRE EXPOSURE VERSUS WETTED SURFACE AREA
( Clauses C-4.2, C-4.3 and C-4.5 ) [Wetted area versus cubic metres of free air per hour at 10 N/cm2 (1 kgf/cm-') and 15°C]
WETTED AREA VENTING REQUIREMENT

(1)

(2)

m2
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 240 280
NOTE -

m3/h
600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 3600 4200 4800 5400 6000 6800 7500 8200 8850 10000 11100 12150 13 100 14000 14850 15800 16650 17400 18100 18750 19950 21000

For exposed wetted surfaces with more than 280 m2 area, see C-4.2(a), C-4-2(b) and C-4.4. For intermediate values of wetted surface area, venting requirement should be evaluated by interpolation.

87

IS : 803 - 1976 C-6. EMERGENCY VENTING C-6.1 Emergency venting of a tank may be achieved by the use of:
a) larger or additional open vents within limitations specified in C-5, b) larger or additional pressure-vacuum valves or pressure reliefvalves, c) a gauge hatch or a manhole whose cover will lift under abnormal internal pressure, d) a weak roof-to-shell attachment (weaker than the weakest vertical joint in the shell or shell-to-bottom joint) for preferential failure under abnormal internal pressure, and
NOTE -

This shall not be used as a means of emergency venting a tank within a

building.

e) other types of construction with provision for pressure relief.

APPENDIX
( Clause 6.5 )

FLOATING ROOFS D-l. SCOPE

D-l.l This appendix furnishes minimum requirements to be considered in the design and construction of pontoon, double-deck type floating roofs, and covered floating roofs where a pan roofis installed within a fixed roof tank.

D-1.2 Floating roof tanks are mainly intended for protection of stored
products against evaporation and fire. Floating roofs control evaporation which is characteristic of some crude oil and other petroleum products. They eliminate filling losses and the vapour space above the product, thus minimizing possible fire hazard and reaction of the product with air. Use of floating roofs can be extended to products having absolute vapour pressures up to 12.25 N/cm2 (1.25 kgf/cm2) and containing small percentages of air-vapour explosive mixtures.

D-2. GENERAL
roof and accessories shall be so designed and constructed as to allow the tank to overflow and then return to a liquid level which floats the roof well below the top of the tank shell without damage to any part of the roof, tank or appurtenances. During such an occurrence, no manual attention shall be required to protect any of these components. If a wind skirt or top shell extension is used for the purpose of containing the roof seals at the highest point of travel, overflow drainage openings or other means of alarm shall be provided to indicate

D-2.1 The floating

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IS : 803 - 1976
and regulate the rise of liquid level in the tank above the nominal height of tank, unless the tank shell has been designed for a liquid height to the top of the shell extension.

D-2.2 The purchaser shall specify whether the tank shell diameter and
height are nominal or whether a net capacity is required up to the bottom of the overflows.

D-2.3 Where specified by the purchaser foam dams around the outer edge
of the roof shall be provided so that fire fighting foam can be kept in contact with the top side of the roof seal.

D-3. DECK AND PONTOON DESIGN REQUIREMENTS D-3.1 It is recommended that roofs be of the contact type designed to
eliminate the pressure of any air-vapour mixture under the deck. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, all deck plates shall have a minimum nominal thickness of 5 mm (40 kg/m-' plate).

D-3.2 Deck plates shall be joined by continuous full fillet welds on the top
side. On the bottom side where flexure is anticipated adjacent to girders, support legs, or other relatively rigid members, full-fillet welds not less than 50 mm long on 250 mm centres shall be used on any plate laps which occur within 300 mm of any such rigid support or member.

D-3.3 In the case of a covered floating roof, the outer rim of the floating
roof and the necks of any appurtenances have a minimum height of 200 mm. installed through the deck shall

D-3.4 Top decks of double-deck roofs and of pontoon sections, which are
designed with a permanent slope for drainage, shall have a minimum slope of 5 mm in 300 mm and preferably shall be lapped to provide the best drainage. Plate buckles shall be kept to a minimum.

D-3.5 The minimum pontoon volume of a single-deck pontoon roof shall

be sufficient to keep the roof floating on a liquid with a specific gravity of 0.7 if the single deck and any two pontoon compartments are punctured. The minimum pontoon volume of a double-deck roof shall be sufficient to keep the roof floating on a liquid with a specific gravity of 0.7 if any two pontoon compartments are punctured. The primary drainage shall be considered as inoperative for either type of roof, but no live load need be considered for the preceding design requirements. In addition, either type of roof with the primary drainage inoperative shall accommodate a 250 mm rainfall in a 24-hour period over the entire roof area without sinking (with no compartments or decks punctured). The roof may be designed to carry the entire 24-hour rainfall, or emergency drains may be installed which will limit the roof load to some lesser volume of water which the roof will carry safely. Such emergency drains shall not allow the product to flow on to the roof deck.

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IS : 803 - 1976
Pontoon ring of a single deck floating roof shall have sufficient flexural rigidity to resist compressive loads acting when the deck is punctured or flooded with 250 mm of rain-water. Large diameter pontoon roof tanks installed in areas subject to high winds shall receive special consideration to stiffen the deck area and provide greater safety against wind induced rippling. D-3.6 Each compartment shall be provided with a manway with a rain night cover. The manway covers shall be provided with suitable hold-down fixtures or other means to prevent wind from removing the covers. The top edge of manway necks shall be at an elevation to prevent water entering the compartments under the conditions set forth in D-3.1. D-3.7 All internal bulkhead plates or sheets shall be single-fillet welded along their bottom and vertical edges for liquid-tightness. When specified by the purchaser, the top edge of the bulkhead shall also be provided with a continuous single-fillet weld for liquid-tightness.

D-4. ROOF DRAINS D-4.1 Primary drains shall be of the hose, jointed or siphon type. A check valve shall be provided near the roof end of the hose and jointed pipe drains on single-deck and pan-type roofs to prevent backflow of stored product in case of damage to the drain line. Provisions shall be included to prevent kinking of the hose or pinching under the deck legs. Hose drains shall be designed to permit replacement without entering to tank. The swing joints of pipe drains shall be packed to prevent leakage. The primary drain shall be adequate to drain the maximum rain-fall in a 24-hour period without flooding the deck; the minimum size shall be equivalent in capacity to one 75-mm drain. D-4.2 Provision shall also be made to drain rain-water from the deck of
pontoon roofs into the tank when the roof is resting on its support legs and the primary drain is operating at its lowest efficiency.

D-5. LADDERS D-5.1 The

floating roof shall be supplied with a ladder which automatically adjusts to any position of the roof in such manner as always to provide access to the roof. The ladder shall be designed for full roof travel, regardless of normal setting of roof-leg supports. If a rolling ladder is furnished, it shall have full-length handrails on both sides and shall be designed for a 450-kg mid-point load with the ladder in any operating position.

D-6VENTING
D-6.1 Suitable vents shall be provided to prevent over-stressing of the roof deck or seal membrane. These vents shall be adequate to evacuate air

90

IS : 803 - 1976
and gases from underneath the roof when the roof is on its supports during filling operations. They shall also be adequate to relieve any vacuum generated underneath the roof after it settles on its supports during withdrawal operations. The purchaser shall specify filling and emptying rates so that the fabricator may size the vents accordingly.

D-6.2 In the case of covered floating roof tanks, circulation vents or

openings shall be located above the seal of the floating roof when the tank is full. The maximum spacing shall be 10 m but in no case shall there be less than four equally spaced vents. The total open area of these vents shall be equal to or greater than 600 cm2/m of tank diameter. The fixed roof of such tanks shall have an open vent at the centre or at the highest elevation provided with a weather cover and a minimum area of 325 cm-. These vents shall be provided with suitable coarse mesh screens to prevent ingress of birds or animals.

D-7. SUPPORTING LEGS

legs. Legs fabricated from pipe shall be notched or perforated at the bottom to provide drainage. Length of legs shall be adjustable from the top side of the roof. The operating and cleaning position levels of the supporting legs shall be as specified by the purchaser. The manufacturer shall make certain that all tank appurtenances, such as mixers, interior piping, and fill nozzle, are cleared by the roof in its lowest position. shall be designed to support the roof and a uniform live load of at least 1 250 N/cm2 (125 kgf/cm2) for single-deck and double-deck floating roofs. Where possible, roof load shall be transmitted to the legs through bulk heads or diaphragms. In the case of pan type floating roofs, the supports and attachments shall be designed to support a uniform live load of 625 N/m2 (62.5 kgf/m2) on the deck and shall be such as to prevent damage to the fixed roof when the tank is full. Support attachments in the deck areas in the case of single deck and covered floating roofs, shall be given particular attention to prevent failure at the points of attachment. Steel pads or other means shall be used to distribute the loads on the bottom of the tank. Pads, if used, shall be continuously seal welded to the tank bottom. D-S. ROOF MANHOLE D-S.l Single-deck and double-deck floating roofs shall have at least one manhole provided for access to the tank interior and for ventilation when the tank is empty. The number of roof manholes shall be as specified by the purchaser. These manholes shall be of at least 600 mm internal diameter and shall have tight-gasketed and bolted covers equivalent to the roof manholes shown in Fig. 14.

D-7.1 The floating roof shall be provided with supporting

D-7.2 Legs and attachments

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IS : 803 - 1976
D-S.2 In the case of a covered floating roof, the manhole shall be of at least 600 mm ID or equivalent and may be of the loose-cover type. At least one manhole of the same size shall be provided on the fixed roof for access to the tank interior.

D-9. CENTRING AND ANTI-ROTATION DEVICE D-9.1 In the case of single-deck and double-deck floating roofs, suitable
devices shall be provided to maintain the roof in centred position and to prevent its rotation. These devices shall be capable of resisting the lateral forces imposed on them by the roof ladder, wind loads and the like.

D-9.2 Prevention of rotation of pan roofs shall be achieved by means of a

seal or other suitable device.

D-IO. SEALS D-IO.I The space between the outer periphery of the roof and the tank
shell shall be sealed by a flexible device which shall provide a reasonably close fit to the shell surfaces. If the sealing device employs steel shoes in contact with the shell, such shoes shall be made from galvanized sheet with a nominal thickness of 1.6 mm. If uncoated shoes are specified, they shall be made of sheet metal of a thickness and quality as specified by the purchaser. An adequate number but a minimum number of three expansion joints shall be provided.

D-IO.2 If this sealing device is a coated fabric or other non-metallic

material it shall be durable in its environment and shall not discolour or contaminate the product stored. A minimum of four static electricity drains shall be provided when a non-metallic seal is used. The maximum spacing of the static electricity drains shall be 10 m. Any other approved means of draining static electricity may be provided.

D-IO.3 In the case of covered floating roofs, seals shall be provided to

ensure a reasonably close fit to columns or other appurtenances that penetrate the deck, through all horizontal and vertical movements of the deck. These seals shall also be durable in their environment and shall not discolour or contaminate the product stored.

D-I1. GAUGE HATCH D-I1.1 The floating roof shall be provided with a standard gauge hatch
and/or gauge well with a tight cap.

D-12. FABRICATION, ERECTION, WELDING, INSPECTION AND TESTING D-12.1 Applicable fabrication, erection, welding, inspection and testing
requirements of this specification shall apply.

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IS : 803 - 1976
D-12.2 Deck seams and other joints, which are required to be liquid or vapour tight, shall be tested for leaks by penetrating oil or by any other method consistent with the methods described in this specification for testing cone-roof seams and tank bottom seams. D-12.3 The roof shall be given a floatation test while the tank is being filled with water and emptied. During this test, the upper side of the lower deck shall be examined for leaks. The appearance of a damp shot on the upper side of the lower deck shall be considered evidence of leakage. D-12.4 The upper side of the upper decks of pontoon and double-deck roof shall be visually inspected for pinholes or defective welding. D-12.5 Drain pipe and hose systems of primary drains shall be pressure tested with water at 35.0 N/cm2 (3.5 kgf/cm-'). During the floatation test, the roof drain valves shall be kept open and observed for leakage of tank contents into the drain lines.

93

Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of 'BIS Catalogue' and 'Standards: Monthly Additions'. This Indian Standard has been developed by Technical Committee : 5MBDC 7. Amendments Issued Since Publication Date of Issue November 1984

Amend No. Amd. No.1

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