Geo Ans

Geometry
An Investigative Approach
Discovering
Practice Your Skills with Answers
Teachers Materials Project Editor: Elizabeth DeCarli Project Administrator: Brady Golden Coordinating Writer: Jennifer North Morris Contributors: David Rasmussen, Ralph Bothe, Judy Hicks, Michael Serra Accuracy Checker: Dudley Brooks Production Editor: Holly Rudelitsch Copyeditor: Jill Pellarin Editorial Production Manager: Christine Osborne Production Supervisor: Ann Rothenbuhler Production Coordinator: Jennifer Young Text Designers: Jenny Somerville, Garry Harman Composition, Technical Art, Prepress: ICC Macmillan Inc. Cover Designer: Jill Kongabel Printer: Data Reproductions Textbook Product Manager: James Ryan Executive Editor: Casey FitzSimons Publisher: Steven Rasmussen
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Limited Reproduction Permission

The publisher grants the teacher whose school has adopted Discovering Geometry, and who has received Discovering Geometry: An Investigative Approach, Practice Your Skills with Answers as part of the Teaching Resources package for the book, the right to reproduce material for use in his or her own classroom. Unauthorized copying of Discovering Geometry: An Investigative Approach, Practice Your Skills with Answers constitutes copyright infringement and is a violation of federal law. Key Curriculum Press is a registered trademark of Key Curriculum Press. All registered trademarks and trademarks in this book are the property of their respective holders. Key Curriculum Press 1150 65th Street Emeryville, CA 94608 510-595-7000 editorial@keypress.com www.keypress.com
Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 13 12 11 10 09 08
ISBN 978-1-55953-894-7
Contents
Introduction Chapter 1
Lesson 1.1: Lesson 1.2: Lesson 1.3: Lesson 1.4: Lesson 1.5: Lesson 1.6: Lesson 1.7: Lesson 1.8: Lesson 1.9: Building Blocks of Geometry . . . . . . . Poolroom Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Whats a Widget? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special Quadrilaterals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Space Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vi
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Chapter 2
Lesson 2.1: Lesson 2.2: Lesson 2.3: Lesson 2.4: Lesson 2.5: Lesson 2.6: Inductive Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . Finding the nth Term . . . . . . . . . Mathematical Modeling . . . . . . . Deductive Reasoning . . . . . . . . . Angle Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . Special Angles on Parallel Lines
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10 11 12 13 14 15
Chapter 3
Lesson 3.1: Lesson 3.2: Lesson 3.3: Lesson 3.4: Lesson 3.5: Lesson 3.6: Lesson 3.7: Lesson 3.8: Duplicating Segments and Angles . . . Constructing Perpendicular Bisectors . Constructing Perpendiculars to a Line Constructing Angle Bisectors . . . . . . . . Constructing Parallel Lines . . . . . . . . . . Construction Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constructing Points of Concurrency . . The Centroid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Chapter 4
Lesson 4.1: Lesson 4.2: Lesson 4.3: Lesson 4.4: Lesson 4.5: Lesson 4.6: Lesson 4.7: Lesson 4.8: Triangle Sum Conjecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Properties of Isosceles Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . Triangle Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Are There Congruence Shortcuts? . . . . . . . . . . Are There Other Congruence Shortcuts? . . . . Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles Flowchart Thinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proving Special Triangle Conjectures . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
iii
Chapter 5
Lesson 5.1: Lesson 5.2: Lesson 5.3: Lesson 5.4: Lesson 5.5: Lesson 5.6: Lesson 5.7: Polygon Sum Conjecture . . . . . . . . . . Exterior Angles of a Polygon . . . . . . Kite and Trapezoid Properties . . . . . Properties of Midsegments . . . . . . . . Properties of Parallelograms . . . . . . . Properties of Special Parallelograms Proving Quadrilateral Properties . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32 33 34 35 36 37 38
Chapter 6
Lesson 6.1: Tangent Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 6.2: Chord Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 6.3: Arcs and Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 6.4: Proving Circle Conjectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 6.5: The Circumference/Diameter Ratio . . . . . . . . . Lesson 6.6: Around the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 6.7: Arc Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exploration: Intersecting Secants, Tangents, and Chords
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
Chapter 7
Lesson 7.1: Transformations and Symmetry . . . . Lesson 7.2: Properties of Isometries . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 7.3: Compositions of Transformations . . Lesson 7.4: Tessellations with Regular Polygons Lessons 7.57.8: Tessellations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47 48 49 50 51
Chapter 8
Lesson 8.1: Lesson 8.2: Lesson 8.3: Lesson 8.4: Lesson 8.5: Lesson 8.6: Lesson 8.7: Areas of Rectangles and Parallelograms Areas of Triangles, Trapezoids, and Kites Area Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Areas of Regular Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . Areas of Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Any Way You Slice It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Surface Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52 53 54 55 56 57 58
Chapter 9
Lesson 9.1: Lesson 9.2: Lesson 9.3: Lesson 9.4: Lesson 9.5: Lesson 9.6: The Theorem of Pythagoras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem Two Special Right Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Story Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distance in Coordinate Geometry . . . . . . . . . Circles and the Pythagorean Theorem . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59 60 61 62 63 64
iv
Chapter 10
Lesson 10.1: Lesson 10.2: Lesson 10.3: Lesson 10.4: Lesson 10.5: Lesson 10.6: Lesson 10.7: The Geometry of Solids . . . . . . . . Volume of Prisms and Cylinders Volume of Pyramids and Cones . Volume Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Displacement and Density . . . . . Volume of a Sphere . . . . . . . . . . . . Surface Area of a Sphere . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Chapter 11
Lesson 11.1: Lesson 11.2: Lesson 11.3: Lesson 11.4: Lesson 11.5: Lesson 11.6: Lesson 11.7: Similar Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Similar Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indirect Measurement with Similar Triangles . . Corresponding Parts of Similar Triangles . . . . . Proportions with Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proportions with Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proportional Segments Between Parallel Lines
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72 73 74 75 76 77 78
Chapter 12
Lesson 12.1: Lesson 12.2: Lesson 12.3: Lesson 12.4: Lesson 12.5: Trigonometric Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Problem Solving with Right Triangles The Law of Sines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Law of Cosines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Problem Solving with Trigonometry . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79 80 81 82 83
Chapter 13
Lesson 13.1: Lesson 13.2: Lesson 13.3: Lesson 13.4: Lesson 13.5: Lesson 13.6: Lesson 13.7: The Premises of Geometry Planning a Geometry Proof Triangle Proofs . . . . . . . . . . Quadrilateral Proofs . . . . . . Indirect Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . Circle Proofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . Similarity Proofs . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91
Answers
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction
The author and editors of Discovering Geometry: An Investigative Approach are aware of the importance of students developing geometry skills along with acquiring concepts through investigation. The student book includes many skill-based exercises. These Practice Your Skills worksheets provide problems similar to the introductory exercises in each lesson of Discovering Geometry. Like those exercises, these worksheets allow students to practice and reinforce the important procedures and skills developed in the lessons. Some of these problems provide non contextual skills practice. Others give students an opportunity to apply geometry concepts in fairly simple, straightforward contexts. Some are more complex problems that are broken down into small steps. You might assign the Practice Your Skills worksheet for every lesson, or only for those lessons your students find particularly difficult. Or, you may wish to assign the worksheets on an individual basis, only to those students who need extra help. One worksheet has been provided for nearly every lesson. There are no worksheets for Chapter 0, and the optional tessellation lessons have been combined into two worksheets. To save you the time and expense of copying pages, you can give students the inexpensive Practice Your Skills Student Workbook, which does not have answers. Though the copyright allows you to copy pages from Practice Your Skills with Answers for use with your students, the consumable Practice Your Skills Student Workbook should not be copied. Students, parents, and mentors can also download the student worksheets from www.keymath.com.
vi
Lesson 1.1 Building Blocks of Geometry

Name Period Date
For Exercises 17, complete each statement. PS

1. The midpoint of PQ is ________________. 2. NQ
3 cm.
N
P S
________________.
3. Another name for NS is ________________. 4. S is the ________________ of SQ . 5. P is the midpoint of ________________. 6. NS
________________.
7. Another name for SN is ________________. 8. Name all pairs of congruent segments in KLMN. Use the
N 8 cm K O 8 cm L M
congruence symbol to write your answer.
9. M( 4, 8) is the midpoint of DE . D has coordinates (6, 1). Find the
coordinates of E.
For Exercises 10 and 11, use a ruler to draw each figure. Label the figure and mark the congruent parts.
10. AB and CD with M as the midpoint 11. AB and CD . C is the midpoint of AB , with
of both AB and CD . AB 6.4 cm and CD 4.0 cm. A, B, and C are not collinear.
AC 1.5 cm. D, not on AB , is the midpoint of AE , with AD 2BC.
12. Sketch six points A, B, C, D, E, and F, no
13. In the figure below, {B, C, H, E} is a set of
three of which are collinear. Name the lines defined by these points. How many lines are there?
four coplanar points. Name two other sets of four coplanar points. How many sets of four coplanar points are there?
B A F E H D G C
Cube
Discovering Geometry Practice Your Skills

2008 Key Curriculum Press
CHAPTER 1
Lesson 1.2 Poolroom Math

Name Period Date
For Exercises 15, use the figure at right to complete each statement.
1. A is the ________________ of 2. AD is the ________________ of 3. AD is a ________________ of 4. If m BAC 5.
BAE. BAE. DAE. ________________.

E O A
C D
42, then m CAE
DAB
________________.
For Exercises 69, use your protractor to find the measure of each angle to the nearest degree.
6. m PRO 8. m O 7. m ORT 9. m RTO
P R T A
For Exercises 1012, use your protractor to draw and then label each angle with the given measure.
10. m MNO
15
11. m RIG
90
12. m z
160
For Exercises 1315, find the measure of the angle formed by the hands at each time.
13. 3:00 14. 4:00 15. 3:30
9 8 10
11
12
1 2 3 4
For Exercises 16 and 17, mark each figure with all the given information.
16. m ADB
B
90, AD
BD,
DAB
DBA
17. m RPQ
R
90, QR
TZ, RT
T
QZ,
CHAPTER 1

Lesson 1.3 Whats a Widget?

Name Period Date
For Exercises 19, match each term with one of the items (a to i) below.
a.
90
1 2
b.
?
c.
d.
e.
? ?
f.
g.
h.
i.
?
Q R
1. _____ Vertical angles 3. _____ Right angle 5. _____ Congruent angles 7. _____ Bisected angle 9. _____ Congruent segments 10. If m P
2. _____ Obtuse angle 4. _____ Complementary angles 6. _____ Linear pair of angles 8. _____ Perpendicular lines
13, m Q 77, and can you conclude about P and
Q and R are complementary, what R? Explain your reasoning.
For Exercises 1113, sketch, label, and mark a figure showing each property.
11.
1 2, 2 3
12. PQ
PR
13.
BAC
XAY, CX
BC

CHAPTER 1
Lesson 1.4 Polygons

Name Period Date
For Exercises 18, complete the table.

Polygon name
1. Triangle 2. 3. 4. Hexagon 5. Heptagon 6. 7. 8.
Number of sides
Number of diagonals
2 5
8 35 12
For Exercises 9 and 10, sketch and label each figure. Mark the congruences.
9. Concave pentagon PENTA, with external 10. Equilateral quadrilateral QUAD, with
diagonal ET , and TA
PE .
U.
For Exercises 1114, sketch and use hexagon ABCDEF.

11. Name the diagonals from A. 12. Name a pair of consecutive sides. 13. Name a pair of consecutive angles. 14. Name a pair of non-intersecting diagonals.
For Exercises 1518, use the figures at right. MNOPQ

15. m N 16. VR 17. m P 18. ON
RSTUV _____ _____ _____ _____

P
O 16.1
T
61 U
V Q 8.4 7.2 M N S
82 58
19. The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 31 cm. Find the length of
each side.
CHAPTER 1

Lesson 1.5 Triangles

Name Period Date
For Exercises 15, use the figure at right. Name a pair of

1. Parallel segments 2. Perpendicular segments 3. Congruent segments 4. Supplementary angles 5. Linear angles
G H I C D E F A B
For Exercises 6 and 7, sketch, label, and mark each figure.

6. Isosceles obtuse triangle TRI with vertex angle T.
7. Scalene right triangle SCA with midpoints L, M, and N on SC , CA ,
and SA , respectively.
For Exercises 8 and 9, use your geometry tools to draw each figure.
8. Acute isosceles triangle ACD with vertex 9. Scalene right triangle RGH.
angle A measuring 40.
For Exercises 1012, use the graph at right.

10. Locate F so that 11. Locate D so that 12. Locate G so that
ABF is a right triangle.

C (8, 3)
ABD is an isosceles triangle. ABG is scalene and not a right triangle.

A (0, 0) B (8, 0) x

CHAPTER 1
Lesson 1.6 Special Quadrilaterals

Name Period Date
For Exercises 16, sketch, label, and mark each figure.

1. Parallelogram PGRA 2. Square SQRE
3. Rhombus RHOM with acute
H.
4. Trapezoid TRAP with TR
AP , RE
PA ,
and P, E, and A collinear.
5. Kite KITE with EK
KI and obtuse
K.
6. Rectangle RANG with perimeter 2a
4b
For Exercises 710, name each polygon in the figure. Assume that the grid is square.
7. Square 9. Rhombus 8. Parallelogram 10. Kite
y
H G D
J I E B F
For Exercises 1113, use the graph at right.

11. Locate D so that ABCD is a rectangle. 12. Locate E so that ABCE is a trapezoid. 13. Locate G so that points A, B, C, and G
C (8, 3) A (0, 0) B (8, 0) x
determine a parallelogram that is not a rectangle.
CHAPTER 1

Lesson 1.7 Circles

Name Period Date
For Exercises 14, use the figure at right.

1. mQR 3. mPQR
_____ _____
2. mPR 4. mQPR
_____ _____
Q O
48
5. Sketch a circle with an inscribed pentagon.
6. Sketch a circle with a circumscribed
quadrilateral.
7. A circle with center (3, 2) goes through
8. Use a compass, protractor, and straightedge
( 2, 2). Give the coordinates of three other points on the circle.

y
to draw circle O with diameter AB ; radius AB ; OD , the angle OC with OC bisector of AOC, with D on the circle; chords AC and BC ; and a tangent at D.
( 2, 2)
(3, 2) x
9. Use a compass to construct a circle. Label
10. Use your compass and protractor to make
the center P. Sketch two parallel tangents. Connect the points of tangency. What do you notice about the chord?
an arc with measure 50, an arc with measure 180, and an arc with measure 290. Label each arc with its measure.
11. Use your compass to construct two circles with different radii that
intersect in two points. Label the centers P and Q and the points of intersection A and B. Construct quadrilateral PAQB. What type of quadrilateral is it?

CHAPTER 1
Lesson 1.8 Space Geometry

Name Period Date
For Exercises 1 and 2, draw each figure.

1. A prism with a rectangular base. 2. A cylinder with base diameter greater
than height.
For Exercises 3 and 4, sketch the three-dimensional figure formed by folding each net into a solid. Name the solid.
3. 4.
For Exercises 5 and 6, sketch the section formed when each solid is sliced by the plane as shown.
5. 6.
7. The prism below is built with 1-cm
8. Find the lengths of x and y.

3 2 y x 4 4
cubes. How many cubes are completely hidden from sight, as seen from this angle?
CHAPTER 1

Lesson 1.9 A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words

Name Period Date
Read and reread each problem carefully, determining what information you are given and what it is that you trying to find.
1. A pair of parallel interstate gas and power lines run 10 meters apart
and are equally distant from relay station A. The power company needs to locate a gas-monitoring point on one of the lines exactly 12 meters from relay station A. Draw a diagram showing the locus of possible locations.
2. The six members of the Senica High School math club are having a
group photo taken for the yearbook. The photographer has asked the club to submit the height of each member so that he can quickly arrange them in order. The math club sent him the following information. Anica is 4 inches taller than Bruce. Charles is the same height as Ellen but an inch taller than Anica. Fred is midway between Bruce and Dora. Dora is 2 inches taller than Anica. Help out the photographer by arranging the club members in order from tallest to shortest.
3. Create a Venn diagram showing the relationships among triangles,
acute triangles, isosceles triangles, and scalene triangles.
4. Sketch a possible net for each solid. a. b. c.

CHAPTER 1
Lesson 2.1 Inductive Reasoning

Name Period Date
For Exercises 17, use inductive reasoning to find the next two terms in each sequence.
1. 4, 8, 12, 16, _____, _____ 2. 400, 200, 100, 50, 25, _____, _____
1 2 1 8, 7, 2, 4. 5, 3,
3.
4 5 , _____, _____ 2, 1, 1, 0, _____, _____
5. 360, 180, 120, 90, _____, _____ 6. 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, _____, _____ 7. 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, _____, _____
For Exercises 810, use inductive reasoning to draw the next two shapes in each picture pattern.
8. 9.
10.
y (1, 3) (3, 1) x x (3, 1)
For Exercises 1113, use inductive reasoning to test each conjecture. Decide if the conjecture seems true or false. If it seems false, give a counterexample.
11. The square of a number is larger than the number.
12. Every multiple of 11 is a palindrome, that is, a number that reads the
same forward and backward.
13. The difference of two consecutive square numbers is an odd number.
10
CHAPTER 2

Lesson 2.2 Finding the nth Term

Name Period Date
For Exercises 14, tell whether the rule is a linear function.

1. n f(n) 3. n h(n) 1 8 1 9 2 15 2 6 3 22 3 2 4 29 4 3 5 36 5 9 4. 2. n g(n) n j(n) 1 14 1
3 2
2 11 2 1
3 8 3
1 2
4 5 4 0
5 2 5
1 2
For Exercises 5 and 6, complete each table.

5. n f(n) 7n 12 1 2 3 4 5 6. n g(n) 8n 2 1 2 3 4 5
For Exercises 79, find the function rule for each sequence. Then find the 50th term in the sequence.
7. n f(n) 8. n g(n) 9. n h(n) 1 9 1 6 1 6.5 2 13 2 1 2 7 3 17 3 4 3 7.5 4 21 4 9 4 8 5 25 5 14 5 8.5 6 29 6 ... ... ... n n ... ... ... ... n ... ... 50 50 50
19 . . . 6 9 ... ...
10. Use the figures to complete the table. n 1 2 5 3 9 4 5 ... ... n ... ... 50
Number 1 of triangles
11. Use the figures above to complete the table. Assume that the area of the
first figure is 1 square unit.

n Area of figure 1 2 3 4 5 ... ... n ... ... 50
1 4 16

CHAPTER 2
11
Lesson 2.3 Mathematical Modeling

Name Period Date
1. Draw the next figure in this pattern. a. How many small squares will there be in the
10th figure?
b. How many in the 25th figure? c. What is the general function rule for this pattern?
2. If you toss a coin, you will get a head or a tail. Copy and
H H H T
complete the geometric model to show all possible results of three consecutive tosses.
a. How many sequences of results are possible? b. How many sequences have exactly one tail? c. Assuming a head or a tail is equally likely, what is the
HHH HHT
probability of getting exactly one tail in three tosses?

3. If there are 12 people sitting at a round table, how many different pairs
of people can have conversations during dinner, assuming they can all talk to each other? What geometric figure can you use to model this situation?
4. Tournament games and results are often displayed using a geometric
model. Two examples are shown below. Sketch a geometric model for a tournament involving 5 teams and a tournament involving 6 teams. Each team must have the same chance to win. Try to have as few games as possible in each tournament. Show the total number of games in each tournament. Name the teams a, b, c . . . and number the games 1, 2, 3 . . . .
a a 1 b 3 c b c 2 d 2 1 3
3 teams, 3 games (round robin)
4 teams, 3 games (single elimination)
12
CHAPTER 2

Lesson 2.4 Deductive Reasoning

Name Period Date
1.
ABC is equilateral. Is ABD equilateral? Explain your answer. What type of reasoning, inductive or deductive, do you use when solving this problem?
A
C D
2.
A and D are complementary. A and E are supplementary. What can you conclude about D and E? Explain your answer. What type of reasoning, inductive or deductive, do you use when solving this problem?
3. Which figures in the last group are whatnots? What type of reasoning,
inductive or deductive, do you use when solving this problem?

a. b. c.
d.
e.
f.
Whatnots
Not whatnots
Which are whatnots?
4. Solve each equation for x. Give a reason for each step in the process.
What type of reasoning, inductive or deductive, do you use when solving these problems? 19 2(3x 1) a. 4x 3(2 x) 8 2x b. 5
5. A sequence begins
4, 1, 6, 11 . . .
a. Give the next two terms in the sequence. What type of reasoning,
inductive or deductive, do you use when solving this problem?

b. Find a rule that generates the sequence. Then give the 50th term in
the sequence. What type of reasoning, inductive or deductive, do you use when solving this problem?

CHAPTER 2
13
Lesson 2.5 Angle Relationships

Name Period Date
For Exercises 16, find each lettered angle measure without using a protractor.
1.
a
112
2.
b c
15
3.
a
38 40
a
70
d b c
4.
ba
e 132 d
5.
a b c
70
6.
c
110 a
100
c
138
d e
25
For Exercises 710, tell whether each statement is always (A), sometimes (S), or never (N) true.
7. _____ The sum of the measures of two acute angles equals the
measure of an obtuse angle.

8. _____ If
XAY and PAQ are vertical angles, then either X, A, and P or X, A, and Q are collinear.
9. _____ If two angles form a linear pair, then they are complementary. 10. _____ If a statement is true, then its converse is true.
For Exercises 1115, fill in each blank to make a true statement.

11. If one angle of a linear pair is obtuse, then the other is ____________. 12. If 13. If 14. If
A m A
B and the supplement of ________________.
B has measure 22, then Q form a linear pair, then U are supplementary,
P is a right angle and P and m Q is ________________.
S and T are complementary and T and then U is a(n) ________________ angle.
15. Switching the if and then parts of a statement changes the
statement to its ________________.
14
CHAPTER 2

Lesson 2.6 Special Angles on Parallel Lines

Name Period Date
For Exercises 13, use your conjectures to find each angle measure.
1.
54
2.
a
65
3.
a b
54
a b c
For Exercises 46, use your conjectures to determine whether 1 2, and explain why. If not enough information is given, write cannot be determined.
4.
118 62
1 1 2
5.
95 25
2
6.
1
48 48
2
7. Find each angle measure.

44
f
78
e
64
d a b
8. Find x.
9. Find x and y.
4y
x
3x 160 182 4x 5x 2

CHAPTER 2
15
Lesson 3.1 Duplicating Segments and Angles

Name Period Date
In Exercises 13, use the segments and angles below. Complete the constructions on a separate piece of paper.
B Q R
1. Using only a compass and straightedge, duplicate each segment and
angle. There is an arc in each angle to help you.

2. Construct a line segment with length 3PQ
2RS.
3. Duplicate the two angles so that the angles have the same vertex and
share a common side, and the nonshared side of one angle falls inside the other angle. Then use a protractor to measure the three angles you created. Write an equation relating their measures.
4. Use a compass and straightedge to construct an isosceles triangle with
two sides congruent to AB and base congruent to CD .

A B C D
5. Repeat Exercise 4 with patty paper and a straightedge. 6. Construct an equilateral triangle with sides congruent to CD .
C D
16
CHAPTER 3

Lesson 3.2 Constructing Perpendicular Bisectors

Name Period Date
For Exercises 16, construct the figures on a separate sheet of paper using only a compass and a straightedge.
1. Draw a segment and construct its perpendicular bisector. 2. Construct two congruent segments that are the perpendicular bisectors
of each other. Form a quadrilateral by connecting the four endpoints. What type of quadrilateral does this seem to be?
3. Duplicate AB . Then construct a segment with length 4 AB.
A B 5
4. Draw a segment; label it CM . CM is a median of
ABC. Construct ABC. Is ABC unique? If not, construct a different triangle, A B C, also having CM as a median. ABC. Construct ABC. Is ABC unique? If not, construct a different triangle, A B C , also having PQ as a midsegment.
5. Draw a segment; label it PQ . PQ is a midsegment of
6. Construct a right triangle. Label it
ABC with right angle B. Construct median BD . Compare BD, AD, and CD.
a. L is equidistant from ________________. b. M is equidistant from ________________. c. N is equidistant from ________________. d. O is equidistant from ________________.
A L M N D O
7. Complete each statement as fully as possible.

E

CHAPTER 3
17
Lesson 3.3 Constructing Perpendiculars to a Line

Name Period Date
For Exercises 15, decide whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, explain why or give a counterexample.
1. In a triangle, an altitude is shorter than either side from the
same vertex.
2. In a triangle, an altitude is shorter than the median from the
same vertex.
3. In a triangle, if a perpendicular bisector of a side and an altitude
coincide, then the triangle is isosceles.

4. Exactly one altitude lies outside a triangle. 5. The intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides lies inside
the triangle. For Exercises 6 and 7, use patty paper. Attach your patty paper to your worksheet.
6. Construct a right triangle. Construct the altitude from the right angle
to the opposite side.

7. Mark two points, P and Q. Fold the paper to construct square PQRS.
Use your compass and straightedge and the definition of distance to complete Exercises 8 and 9 on a separate sheet of paper.
8. Construct a rectangle with sides equal in length to AB and CD .
A B C D
9. Construct a large equilateral triangle. Let P be any point inside the
triangle. Construct WX equal in length to the sum of the distances from P to each of the sides. Let Q be any other point inside the triangle. Construct YZ equal in length to the sum of the distances from Q to each side. Compare WX and YZ.
18
CHAPTER 3

Lesson 3.4 Constructing Angle Bisectors

Name Period Date
1. Complete each statement as fully as possible. a. M is equidistant from _______________ __. b. P is equidistant from _________________. c. Q is equidistant from ______________ ___. d. R is equidistant from _________________.
3
M Q P R
4
2. If the converse of the Angle Bisector Conjecture is true,
what can you conclude about this figure?
P C B A
3. If BE bisects
ABD, find x and m ABE.
E
2x 10 3x
20
4. Draw an obtuse angle. Use a compass and straightedge to construct the
angle bisector. Draw another obtuse angle and fold to construct the angle bisector.
5. Draw a large triangle on patty paper. Fold to construct the three angle
bisectors. What do you notice? For Exercises 6 and 7, construct a figure with the given specifications using a straightedge and compass or patty paper. Use additional sheets of paper to show your work.
6. Using only your compass and straightedge, construct an isosceles
right triangle.
7. Construct right triangle RGH with right angle R. Construct median
RM , perpendicular MN from M to RG , and perpendicular MO from M to RH . Compare RN and GN, and compare RO and HO.
19

CHAPTER 3
Lesson 3.5 Constructing Parallel Lines

Name Period Date
For Exercises 16, construct a figure with the given specifications using a straightedge and compass or patty paper. Use additional sheets of paper to show your work.
1. Draw a line and a point not on the line. Use a compass and
straightedge to construct a line through the given point parallel to the given line.
2. Repeat Exercise 1, but draw the line and point on patty paper and fold
to construct the parallel line.

3. Use a compass and straightedge to construct a parallelogram. 4. Use patty paper and a straightedge to construct an isosceles trapezoid. 5. Construct a rhombus with sides equal in length to AB and having an
angle congruent to
P.
6. Construct trapezoid ZOID with ZO and ID as nonparallel sides and
AB as the distance between the parallel sides.

Z O I D A B
20
CHAPTER 3

Lesson 3.6 Construction Problems

Name Period Date
For Exercises 15, construct a figure with the given specifications using either a compass and straightedge or patty paper. Use additional sheets of paper to show your work.
1. Construct kite KITE using these parts.
K I I T I
2. Construct a rectangle with perimeter the length of this segment. 3. Construct a rectangle with this segment as its diagonal.
4. Draw obtuse
OBT. Construct and label the three altitudes OU , BS , ABC. Describe your steps.
and TE .
5. Construct a triangle congruent to
B
In Exercises 68, construct a triangle using the given parts. Then, if possible, construct a different (noncongruent) triangle using the same parts.
6. 7.
S1
8.
S1
A B
S2
S3
S1 S2

CHAPTER 3
21
Lesson 3.7 Constructing Points of Concurrency

Name Period Date
For Exercises 1 and 2, make a sketch and explain how to find the answer.
1. A circular revolving sprinkler needs to be set up to water every part of
a triangular garden. Where should the sprinkler be located so that it reaches all of the garden, but doesnt spray farther than necessary?
2. You need to supply electric power to three transformers, one on
each of three roads enclosing a large triangular tract of land. Each transformer should be the same distance from the power-generation plant and as close to the plant as possible. Where should you build the power plant, and where should you locate each transformer?
For Exercises 35, construct a figure with the given specifications using a compass and straightedge. Use additional sheets of paper to show your work.
3. Draw an obtuse triangle. Construct the inscribed and the
circumscribed circles.
4. Construct an equilateral triangle. Construct the inscribed and the
circumscribed circles. How does this construction differ from Exercise 3?
5. Construct two obtuse, two acute, and two right triangles. Locate
the circumcenter of each triangle. Make a conjecture about the relationship between the location of the circumcenter and the measure of the angles.
22
CHAPTER 3

Lesson 3.8 The Centroid

Name Period Date
For Exercises 13, use additional sheets of paper to show your work.
1. Draw a large acute triangle. Construct the centroid. 2. Construct a regular hexagon and locate its center of gravity. 3. Use a ruler and compass to find the center of gravity of a sheet-metal
triangle with sides measuring 6 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm. How far is the center from each vertex, to the nearest tenth of a centimeter?
4.
ABC has vertices A(9, 12), B( 3, 2), and C(3, coordinates of the centroid.
y A (9, 12)
2). Find the
B ( 3, 2) x C (3, 2)
5. PL
P
24, QC
M C
10, and KC
R L
7. Find PC, CL, QM, and CR.
K Q
6. Identify each statement as describing the incenter, circumcenter,
orthocenter, or centroid.
a. ________________ The point equally distant from the three sides
of a triangle.
b. ________________ The center of gravity of a thin metal triangle. c. ________________ The point equidistant from the three vertices. d. ________________ The intersection of the perpendicular bisectors
of the sides of a triangle.

e. ________________ The intersection of the altitudes of a triangle. f. ________________ The intersection of the angle bisectors of
a triangle.
g. ________________ The intersection of the medians of a triangle.
2008 Key Curriculum Press CHAPTER 3
23
Lesson 4.1 Triangle Sum Conjecture

Name Period Date
In Exercises 19, determine the angle measures.

1. p
______, q
______
q
98
2. x
______, y
28 53 x
______
3. a
______, b
79
______
82 31
y
17 23
a 50 b
4. r
______, s ______
______,
5. x
______, y
______
6. y
______
100 x
t s r
100
85
x y
31
30
4x
7x
7. s
s
______
8. m
______
9. m P
c
______
b c a
35
P
76
m a
10. Find the measure of

P
QPT.
11. Find the sum of the measures of
the marked angles.
12. Use the diagram to explain why
13. Use the diagram to explain why
A and
A
B are complementary.
m A
B
m B
E
m C
D
m D.
C C B A
24
CHAPTER 4

Lesson 4.2 Properties of Isosceles Triangles

Name Period Date
In Exercises 13, find the angle measures.

1. m T
______
T
2. m G
A
______
3. x
110
______
x
58
In Exercises 46, find the measures.

4. m A
of
______, perimeter ABC ______

A 13 cm
5. The perimeter of
LMO is 536 m. LM ______, m M ______

M
6. The perimeter of
344 cm. m Q QR ______

y m 31 c
68
QRS is ______ ,
R
7 cm
102 B a L x
210 m
S 39 C 30 163 m x O
7. a. Name the angle(s) congruent to
DAB.
b. Name the angle(s) congruent to
ADB.
c. What can you conclude about AD and BC ? Why?
8. x
_____, y
4y
_____
9. PR
QR and QS RS. If m RSQ 120, what is m QPR?

Q
10. Use the diagram to explain
why
Q
70
PQR is isosceles.
R P 2x y 79 x R S
55
P S

CHAPTER 4
25
Lesson 4.3 Triangle Inequalities

Name Period Date
In Exercises 1 and 2, determine whether it is possible to draw a triangle with sides of the given measures. If it is possible, write yes. If it is not possible, write no and make a sketch demonstrating why it is not possible.
1. 16 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm 2. 9 km, 17 km, 28 km
3. If 17 and 36 are the lengths of two sides of a triangle, what is the range
of possible values for the length of the third side? In Exercises 46, arrange the unknown measures in order from greatest to least.
4.
13 a 20 a b 18 a c
61
5.
c
32
6.
71
c
28 40
7. x
x
_____
142
8. x
x
_____
9. Whats wrong with
this picture?
C
158 120
B
160
66
10. Explain why
PQS is isosceles.
x S
2x
In Exercises 11 and 12, use a compass and straightedge to construct a triangle with the given sides. If it is not possible, explain why not.
11. A
B A B C C
12. P
Q P R
Q R
26
CHAPTER 4

Lesson 4.4 Are There Congruence Shortcuts?

Name Period Date
In Exercises 13, name the conjecture that leads to each congruence.

1.
PAT
A T
IMT
I
2.
6 D
SID
S 8 I 9
JAN
N 6 8 J
3. TS bisects MA , MT
AT ,
and
M S A 9
MST
AST
In Exercises 49, name a triangle congruent to the given triangle and state the congruence conjecture. If you cannot show any triangles to be congruent from the information given, write cannot be determined and redraw the triangles so that they are clearly not congruent.
4. M is the midpoint of AB 5. KITE is a kite with KI
TI.
6.
ABC
A
_____
Y C Z
and PQ . APM
P M A
KIE _____
B I K Q T
_____
7.
MON
N
_____
T
8.
Q
SQR
_____
U R
9.
TOP
y G 10 8
_____
D O T P 2 4 6 8 10 x
S T
6 4 2
In Exercises 1012, use a compass and a straightedge or patty paper and a straightedge to construct a triangle with the given parts. Then, if possible, construct a different (noncongruent) triangle with the same parts. If it is not possible, explain why not.
10. S
T U T U S A B
11.
C C
12.
X X X
CHAPTER 4
Y Z
27
Lesson 4.5 Are There Other Congruence Shortcuts?

Name Period Date
In Exercises 16, name a triangle congruent to the given triangle and state the congruence conjecture. If you cannot show any triangles to be congruent from the information given, write cannot be determined and explain why.
1.
PIT
P
_____
O
2.
V
XVW
W X
_____
3.
ECD
B C
_____
E
4. PS is the angle bisector
5.
ACN
P
_____
6. EFGH is a parallelogram.
of
QPR. PQS _____

Q R
GQ EQL
C F
EQ. _____
K Q H G
S R A N E
7. The perimeter of
Is
QRS
QRS is 350 cm. MOL? Explain.

L Q x 55 R
8. The perimeter of
Is
T x
TUV
2x 10
TUV is 95 cm. WXV? Explain.

U
70
15 2x
25 V
125
S X
40 W
In Exercises 9 and 10, construct a triangle with the given parts. Then, if possible, construct a different (noncongruent) triangle with the same parts. If it is not possible, explain why not.
9.
P Q
Q P
10.
A C
28
CHAPTER 4

Lesson 4.6 Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles

Name Period Date
1. Give the shorthand name for each of the four triangle
congruence conjectures. In Exercises 25, use the figure at right to explain why each congruence is true. WXYZ is a parallelogram.
2.
Z Y
WXZ
YZX
3.
WZX
YXZ
4.
WZX
YXZ
5.
For Exercises 6 and 7, mark the figures with the given information. To demonstrate whether the segments or the angles indicated are congruent, determine that two triangles are congruent. Then state which conjecture proves them congruent.
6. M is the midpoint of WX and 7.
YZ . Is YW
Y M
ZX ? Why?
X
ABC is isosceles and CD is the bisector of the vertex angle. Is AD BD ? Why?

C
Z W A D B
In Exercises 8 and 9, use the figure at right to write a paragraph proof for each statement.
8. DE
CF
9. EC
FD
10. TRAP is an isosceles trapezoid with TP

P A
RA and PTR RP . Write a paragraph proof explaining why TA
ART.

CHAPTER 4
29
Lesson 4.7 Flowchart Thinking

Name Period Date
Complete the flowchart for each proof.

1. Given: PQ Show: SP
SR and PQ QR
SR
P
Flowchart Proof
Given PQ SR __________________ QS ______ PQS ______ SP QR
__________________
_________________
__________________
__________________
2. Given: Kite KITE with KE Show: KT bisects Flowchart Proof

KE KI
KI ETI
K
I T E
EKI and
______________ KITE is a kite _______________ ______________ KET ______
ETK
ITK
__________________ Definition of bisect __________________
________________
______________
3. Given: ABCD is a parallelogram Show:
D A B
Flowchart Proof
AB ABCD is a parallelogram _________________________
CD
_____________
Definition of ___________ Same segment ______________ _____________ ____________ _____________
30
CHAPTER 4

Lesson 4.8 Proving Special Triangle Conjectures

Name Period Date
In Exercises 13, use the figure at right.

1. CD is a median, perimeter
ABC
60, and AC 54. m ACD 42, m ACD

5.
22. AD _____
_____
2. CD is an angle bisector, and m A 3. CD is an altitude, perimeter
ABC
38, and AD
8.
A D B
m B
4.
_____, CB
_____ ANG is equiangular and perimeter ANG AN _____
EQU is equilateral. m E _____
51.
6.
ABC is equilateral, ACD is isosceles with base AC , perimeter ABC 66, and perimeter ACD 82. Perimeter ABCD _____
C B A D
7. Complete a flowchart proof for this conjecture: In an isosceles triangle,
the altitude from the vertex angle is the median to the base. Given: Isosceles ABC with AC BC and altitude CD
Show: CD is a median Flowchart Proof
A D B
__________________ CD is an altitude ____________________ ADC and BDC are right angles Definition of altitude AC Given BC ADC BDC
__________________ A ________
__________________
8. Write a flowchart proof for this conjecture: In an isosceles triangle, the
median to the base is also the angle bisector of the vertex angle. Given: Isosceles Show: CD bisects ABC with AC ACB
A D B
BC and median CD

CHAPTER 4
31
Lesson 5.1 Polygon Sum Conjecture

Name Period Date
In Exercises 1 and 2, find each lettered angle measure.

1. a d
_____, b _____, e
_____, c _____
_____,
2. a
_____, b _____, e
d
_____, c _____, f
e f
_____, _____
e a
d 97 b
85
26
44
3. One exterior angle of a regular polygon measures 10. What is
the measure of each interior angle? How many sides does the polygon have?
4. The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a regular polygon is
2340. How many sides does the polygon have?
5. ABCD is a square. ABE is an equilateral
6. ABCDE is a regular pentagon. ABFG
triangle. x
D E x
is a square. x
C G x
_____
_____
D F
7. Use a protractor to draw pentagon ABCDE with m A
85, m B 125, m C 110, and m D 70. What is m E? Measure it, and check your work by calculating.
32
CHAPTER 5

Lesson 5.2 Exterior Angles of a Polygon

Name Period Date
1. How many sides does a regular polygon
2. How many sides does a polygon have if the
have if each exterior angle measures 30?
sum of the measures of the interior angles is 3960?
3. If the sum of the measures of the interior
4. If the sum of the measures of the interior
angles of a polygon equals the sum of the measures of its exterior angles, how many sides does it have?
angles of a polygon is twice the sum of its exterior angles, how many sides does it have?
In Exercises 57, find each lettered angle measure.

5. a
_____, b
116
_____
a
6. a
_____, b
_____
7. a
_____, b _____
x 2x b a
_____,
c
a
82
82
c 3x
72
134
8. Find each lettered angle measure.

150
a b c d
_____ _____ _____ _____

a
95
c d
9. Construct an equiangular quadrilateral that is not regular.

CHAPTER 5
33
Lesson 5.3 Kite and Trapezoid Properties

Name Period Date
In Exercises 14, find each lettered measure.

1. Perimeter
116. x
_____
2. x
_____, y
_____
x y
28
56
3. x
_____, y
_____
137
4. x
x
41
_____, y
78
_____
x y
22
5. Perimeter PQRS
S 4x 1
220. PS
R
_____
6. b
2a
1. a
M b 34
_____
a 2x P T 4 Q K 3 N
In Exercises 7 and 8, use the properties of kites and trapezoids to construct each figure. Use patty paper or a compass and a straightedge.
7. Construct an isosceles trapezoid given base AB ,
B, and distance
between bases XY.

A B X Y B
8. Construct kite ABCD with AB , BC , and BD .

A B B C B D
9. Write a paragraph or flowchart proof of the Converse of the Isosceles
Trapezoid Conjecture. Hint: Draw AE parallel to TP with E on TR . Given: Trapezoid TRAP with Show: TP RA T R
T
34
CHAPTER 5

Lesson 5.4 Properties of Midsegments

Name Period Date
In Exercises 13, each figure shows a midsegment.

1. a
_____, b _____
_____,
2. x
_____, y _____
14 16 y
_____,
3. x
_____, y _____
41
_____,
c
b
z 21
13
29 z x 11
54
37
4. X, Y, and Z are midpoints. Perimeter
PQR
R Z
132, RQ
Y X
55, and PZ
20.
Perimeter PQ ZX
XYZ
_____
P
_____ _____
5. MN is the midsegment. Find the
6. Explain how to find the width of the lake from
coordinates of M and N. Find the slopes of AB and MN .

y M A (4, 2) N x C (20, 10)
A to B using a tape measure, but without using a boat or getting your feet wet.
A Lake B
B (9, 6)
7. M, N, and O are midpoints. What type of quadrilateral
C O A M N B
is AMNO? How do you know? Give a flowchart proof showing that ONC MBN.
8. Give a paragraph or flowchart proof. Given:
PQR with PD DF FH and QE EG GI IR FG DE PQ
HR
H F D P
R I G E Q
Show: HI

CHAPTER 5
35
Lesson 5.5 Properties of Parallelograms

Name Period Date
In Exercises 17, ABCD is a parallelogram.

1. Perimeter ABCD
D 15 cm A B 26 cm C
_____
2. AO
11, and BO _____, BD

D O C
7. _____
3. Perimeter ABCD
46. _____
C
AC
AB
D
_____, BC
2x A x 9 B
4. a
_____, b _____
D c
19
_____,
5. Perimeter ABCD
119, and _____

C
6. a
_____, b _____
b
_____,
BC
b
110
24. AB
D
c
D
B A
68
27
c
26
a
62
7. Perimeter ABCD
D 4x A 63 B
16x
C 3
12. AD
_____
8. Ball B is struck at the same instant by two
forces, F1 and F2. Show the resultant force on the ball.

F2
F1
9. Find each lettered angle measure.
a b c d e f
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
g h i j k
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____

A D g a
26
G
81
h e E c b B
38
d
38
i j
F k
10. Construct a parallelogram with diagonals AC and BD .
Is your parallelogram unique? If not, construct a different (noncongruent) parallelogram.

A C
CHAPTER 5
D
36
Lesson 5.6 Properties of Special Parallelograms

Name Period Date
1. PQRS is a rectangle and
2. KLMN is a square and
3. ABCD is a rhombus,
OS OQ PR
S
16. _____ _____

R O
NM
8. _____ _____ _____

M O
AD OB BC
11, and DO _____ _____ _____

C O D
6.
m OKL m MOL
N
m QRS
_____
Perimeter KLMN
m AOD
Q A K L B
In Exercises 411, match each description with all the terms that fit it.
a. Trapezoid e. Kite b. Isosceles triangle f. Rectangle c. Parallelogram g. Square d. Rhombus
h. All quadrilaterals
4. _____ Diagonals bisect each other. 6. _____ Diagonals are congruent. 8. _____ Opposite sides are congruent. 10. _____ Both diagonals bisect angles.
5. _____ Diagonals are perpendicular. 7. _____ Measures of interior angles sum
to 360.
9. _____ Opposite angles are congruent. 11. _____ Diagonals are perpendicular
bisectors of each other. In Exercises 12 and 13, graph the points and determine whether ABCD is a trapezoid, parallelogram, rectangle, or none of these.
12. A( 4,
1), B(0,
5
3), C(4, 0), D( 1, 5)
13. A(0,
3), B( 1, 2), C( 3, 4), D( 2,

5
1)
14. Construct rectangle ABCD with diagonal AC and

A
CAB.
C A CAB

CHAPTER 5
37
Lesson 5.7 Proving Quadrilateral Properties

Name Period Date
Write or complete each flowchart proof.

1. Given: ABCD is a parallelogram and AP Show: AC and PQ bisect each other Flowchart Proof
APR CQR AR APR Given _____
Q R
QC
A
___________________ DC Given AB
_____ AC and QP bisect each other Definition of bisect
______________
_____________ ______________
AIA Conjecture
2. Given: Dart ABCD with AB Show:
BC and CD
AD
B A C
3. Show that the diagonals of a rhombus divide the rhombus into
D O
four congruent triangles. Given: Rhombus ABCD Show: ABO CBO CDO ADO
A
4. Given: Parallelogram ABCD, BY Show: DX
AC , DX
AC
A
D Y X B
BY
38
CHAPTER 5

Lesson 6.1 Tangent Properties

Name Period Date
1. Rays r and s are tangents. w

r
_____
2. AB is tangent to both circles and
mAMC
295. m BQX
B
_____
P
54
C X Q
M s
A P Q
3. PQ is tangent to two externally tangent noncongruent
circles, M and N.
a. m NQP
_____, m MPQ
_____
M N
b. What kind of quadrilateral is MNQP? Explain
your reasoning.
4. AT is tangent to circle P. Find the
5. PA , PB , PC , and PD are tangents.
equation of AT .
y A (3, 9) T P x
Explain why PA
PD .
B A P
6. Circle A has diameter 16.4 cm. Circle B has diameter 6.7 cm. a. If A and B are internally tangent, what is the distance between
their centers?
b. If A and B are externally tangent, what is the distance between
their centers?
7. Construct a circle, P. Pick a point, A, on the circle. Construct a tangent
through A. Pick a point, T, on the tangent. Construct a second tangent to the circle through T.

CHAPTER 6
39
Lesson 6.2 Chord Properties

Name Period Date
In Exercises 16, find each unknown or write cannot be determined.

1. a
_____, b _____
a
_____,
2. w
_____, v
_____
3. z
_____
w 6
95
b v c
4. w
_____, x _____
y
_____,
5. w
_____, x _____
66
_____,
6. x
_____, y
_____
x
100 35 50
8 cm x w
100
7. AB
AC . AMON is a ________________. Justify your answer.

B
8. Whats wrong with
9. Find the coordinates of
this picture?
P and M.
y A (3, 6)
6 M O A N C 6 2 P M x B (5, 2)
10. mAB
_____ _____ _____ _____

A C O
49
11. Trace part of a circle onto patty paper. Fold
mABC mBAC mACB
to find the center. Explain your method.

107
40
CHAPTER 6

Lesson 6.3 Arcs and Angles

Name Period Date
1. mXM
80 _____
Y
80
2. AB is a tangent.
120
m XNM mXN mMN
x
M O
_____ _____ _____

A y x z
60
_____ _____
y z
3. a
_____ _____ _____

c
70
4. a
_____ _____ _____

a
140
b c
b
a
b
100
5. AB and AC are tangents.
6. AD is a tangent. AC is a diameter.
40
_____
m A mAB m C
_____ _____ _____ _____

O
A
54
mCB
7. mAD
_____ _____ _____ _____

D
A
80 70
8. p
B
_____ _____ _____ _____

p
s
29 87
m D mAB mDAB
q r s
9. Find the lettered angle and arc measures. AT and AZ
T f g
1
are tangents. a d g k _____ _____ _____ _____ b e h m _____ _____ _____ _____ c f j n _____ _____ _____ _____
2
25
e a d c b
50
A h j k

CHAPTER 6
41
Lesson 6.4 Proving Circle Conjectures

Name Period Date
In Exercises 14, complete each proof with a paragraph or a flowchart.

1. Given: Circles O and P are externally tangent, with common
tangents CD and AB
Show: AB bisects CD at X
O
B X
2. Given: Circle O with diameter AB and chord AD . OE Show: DE
AD .
BE
O
D E B
3. Given: PQ and RS are tangent to both circles. Show: PQ
RS .
M
P S X N R Q
4. Prove the converse of the Chord Arcs Conjecture: If two arcs in a circle
C B D
are congruent, then their chords are congruent. Hint: Draw radii.
Given: AB Show: AB
CD CD
A O
42
CHAPTER 6

Lesson 6.5 The Circumference/Diameter Ratio

Name Period Date
In Exercises 14, leave your answers in terms of

1. If r
.
2. If C
10.5 cm, find C.
25 cm, find r.
3. What is the circumference of a circle whose
4. What is the diameter of a circle whose
radius is 30 cm?
circumference is 24 cm?
In Exercises 59, round your answer to the nearest 0.1 unit. Use the symbol to show that your answer is an approximation.
5. If d
9.6 cm, find C.
6. If C
132 cm, find d and r.
7. A dinner plate fits snugly in a square box with perimeter 48 inches.
What is the circumference of the plate?
8. Four saucers are part of the same set as the dinner plate in Exercise 7.
Each has a circumference of 15.7 inches. Will they fit, side by side, in the same square box? If so, how many inches will there be between the saucers for padding?
9. AT and AS are tangents. AT
12 cm. What is the circumference of circle O?

T A
10. How can you use a large carpenters
square to find the circumference of a tree?
11. In order to increase the circumference of a circle from 16
cm to
20 cm, by how much must the diameter increase?

2008 Key Curriculum Press CHAPTER 6
43
Lesson 6.6 Around the World

Name Period Date
1. Alfonzos Pizzeria bakes olive pieces in the outer crust of its 20-inch
(diameter) pizza. There is at least one olive piece per inch of crust. How many olive pieces will you get in one slice of pizza? Assume the pizza is cut into eight slices.
2. To use the machine at right, you turn the crank, which turns the pulley
7.5 in.
wheel, which winds the rope and lifts the box. Through how many rotations must you turn the crank to lift the box 10 feet?
10 ft Box
3. A satellite in geostationary orbit stays over the same spot on Earth.
The satellite completes one orbit in the same time that Earth rotates once about its axis (23.93 hours). If the satellites orbit has radius 4.23 107 m, calculate the satellites orbital speed (tangential velocity) in meters per second.
4. You want to decorate the side of a cylindrical can by coloring a
rectangular piece of paper and wrapping it around the can. The paper is 19 cm by 29 cm. Find the two possible diameters of the can to the nearest 0.01 cm. Assume the paper fits exactly.
5. As you sit in your chair, you are whirling through space with Earth as
it moves around the sun. If the average distance from Earth to the sun is 1.4957 1011 m and Earth completes one revolution every 364.25 days, what is your sitting speed in space relative to the sun? Give your answer in km/h, rounded to the nearest 100 km/h.
44
CHAPTER 6

Lesson 6.7 Arc Length

Name Period Date
In Exercises 110, leave your answers in terms of

1. Length of AB
B
120
.
3. The length of EF is 5 .
_____
2. The circumference is 24
60. Length and mCD _____ of CD

6 D
Radius
_____
E
30
4. Length of XY
_____
5. The radius is 20. Length
6. The circumference is 25 .
of AB
10 Y
40 70
_____
Length of AB
A
_____
X A B
7. The diameter is 40. Length
8. The length of XY is 14 .
9. Length of AB
B
110
_____
of AC
_____
A
Diameter
X
_____
50
Y C
80
36
10. A circle has an arc with measure 80 and length 88 . What is the
diameter of the circle?

CHAPTER 6
45
Exploration Intersecting Secants, Tangents, and Chords

Name Period Date
1. x
_____
2. FC is tangent to circle A at point C. ______, mED ______ mDC

44
F
35
86
D A E
140
3. ED and EC are tangents. mDC ______, m DEC
______
4. CE is a tangent, mBC 150 m BCE ______, mBAC ______

B A
246
D B E C C E
5. x
______, y
79
______, z
______
6. x
______, y
60
______, z
______
60
72
70
x
39
44
x y
7. AB and AC are tangents. x ______, y ______, z

A z
127
______
8. AB is a tangent, m ABC x ______, y ______
75
y C A B x
C O y A
34
B x
97
85
46
CHAPTER 6

Lesson 7.1 Transformations and Symmetry

Name Period Date
In Exercises 13, perform each transformation.

1. Reflect
TRI across line .
2. Rotate PARL 270 clockwise
3. Translate PENTA by
about Q.
I T R Q P A L R
the given vector.
T A P E N
4. ABCDE and its reflected image, A B C D E , are shown below.
Use construction tools to locate the line of reflection, . Explain your method.
D D E C C E B A B A
In Exercises 58, identify the type(s) of symmetry in each figure.

5. Equilateral triangle 6. Rectangle 7. Isosceles triangle 8. Square
In Exercises 912, draw each polygon and identify the type(s) of symmetry in each. Draw all lines of reflection and mark centers of rotation.
9. Rhombus 10. Parallelogram 11. Isosceles trapezoid 12. Square

CHAPTER 7
47
Lesson 7.2 Properties of Isometries

Name Period Date
In Exercises 13, draw the image according to the rule and identify the type of transformation.
1. (x, y) ( x,
y 6 4 4 2 6 4 2 2 4 6 4 2 4 6 x 8 4 4 x 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 6 x 8 6
y)
2. (x, y) (x
4, y
y
6)
3. (x, y) (4
y
x, y)
In Exercises 4 and 5, the Harbour High Geometry Class is holding a Fence Race. Contestants must touch each fence at some point as they run from S to F. Use your geometry tools to draw the shortest possible race path.
4.
Fence
5.
Fence 1
S F Fence 2
In Exercises 68, complete the ordered pair rule that transforms each triangle to its image. Identify the transformation. Find all missing coordinates.
6. (x, y) (_____, _____)
y B R B(5, 2) (5, 2) C A (8, 2) x x C A(5, 4) Q(2, 1) Q (2, 1) P(7, 3) R (3, 0) P T R (4, 5) R T (0, 7) S(3, 3) S x
7. (x, y) (_____, _____)

y
8. (x, y) (_____, _____)

y
48
CHAPTER 7

Lesson 7.3 Compositions of Transformations

Name Period Date
In Exercises 18, name the single transformation that can replace the composition of each set of multiple transformations.
1. Translation by
4,
1 , followed by
2,
3 , followed by
8,
2. Rotation 60 clockwise, followed by 80 counterclockwise, followed
by 25 counterclockwise all about the same center of rotation

3. Reflection across vertical line m, followed by reflection across vertical
line n, where n is 8 units to the right of m

4. Reflection across vertical line p, followed by reflection across horizontal
line q
5. Reflection across vertical line n, followed by reflection across vertical
line m, where n is 8 units to the right of m

6. Reflection across horizontal line q, followed by reflection across vertical
line p
7. Translation by
6, 0 , followed by reflection across the y-axis 6, 0
8. Reflection across the y-axis, followed by translation by
In Exercises 911, copy the figure onto your paper and use your geometry tools to perform the given transformation.
9. Locate P , the reflected image across OR , and P , the reflected image
R P O T
of P across OT . Find m ROT and give a single transformation that maps P to P .

10. Locate P , the reflected image across k, and P , the reflected image
of P across . Find the distance between transformation that maps P to P .
and k and give a single

P
11. Draw five glide-reflected images of the triangle.

CHAPTER 7
49
Lesson 7.4 Tessellations with Regular Polygons

Name Period Date
1. Find n.
2. Find n.
Regular 10-gon
Regular n-gon
Square
Regular n-gon
Regular pentagon Equilateral triangle
3. What is a regular tessellation? Sketch an example to illustrate
your explanation.
4. What is a 1-uniform tiling? Sketch an example of a 1-uniform tiling
that is not a regular tessellation.
5. Give the numerical name for the tessellation at right.
6. Use your geometry tools to draw the 4.82 tessellation.
50
CHAPTER 7

Lessons 7.57.8 Tessellations

Name Period Date
1. Trace the quadrilateral at right (or draw a similar one). Make the
outline dark. Set another piece of paper on top of the quadrilateral and, by tracing, create a tessellation. (Hint: Trace vertices and use a straightedge to connect them.)
2. On dot paper, draw a small concave quadrilateral (vertices on dots).
Allow no more than three dots inside the figure. Tessellate the entire paper with your quadrilateral. Color and shade your tessellation.
3. In non-edge-to-edge tilings, the vertices of the polygons do not have
to coincide, as in these wooden deck patterns. Use graph paper to create your own non-edge-to-edge tiling.
4. Use your geometry tools to draw a parallelogram. Draw squares on
each side. Create a tessellation by duplicating your parallelogram and squares.

CHAPTER 7
51
Lesson 8.1 Areas of Rectangles and Parallelograms

Name Period Date
In Exercises 14, find the area of the shaded region.

1.
12 cm 8 cm
2.
1 cm
4 cm 4 cm
3.
5 cm
17 cm
4.
8 cm 1.5 cm
9 cm 2 cm
4 cm
4 cm
13 cm
2 cm
5. Rectangle ABCD has area 2684 m2 and width 44 m. Find its length.
6. Draw a parallelogram with area 85 cm2 and an angle with measure 40.
Is your parallelogram unique? If not, draw a different one.
7. Find the area of PQRS.

y S(4, 5) x R(7, 1)
8. Find the area of ABCDEF.

y (15, 7)E (4, 2) F C(10, 2) B(10, 5) D(21, 7) x
P(4, 3)
Q(7, 9)
A(4, 5)
9. Dana buys a piece of carpet that measures 20 square yards. Will she be
able to completely cover a rectangular floor that measures 12 ft 6 in. by 16 ft 6 in.? Explain why or why not.
52
CHAPTER 8

Lesson 8.2 Areas of Triangles, Trapezoids, and Kites

Name Period Date
In Exercises 14, solve for the unknown measures.

1. Area
64 ft2, h
______.
2. Area
______.
2 cm h 2 cm 8 cm 8 ft 2 cm
3. Area
126 in2 _____.

b 9 in.
4. AB
B
6 cm, AC Find AD.

D
8 cm, and BC
10 cm.
16 in.
5. Find the area of the shaded region.
12 cm 4 cm 20 cm
6. TP is tangent to circles M and N. TP
16 cm. The radius of N is 7 cm and the radius of M is 4 cm. Find the area of NMPT.
N
T P M
7. Find the area of

y
TRI.
I (12, 12)
8. ABCD is a parallelogram, ABDE is a kite,
AD 18 cm, and BE area of ABCDE.

B C D E
10 cm. Find the
(0, 6) R T (6, 0) x A

CHAPTER 8
53
Lesson 8.3 Area Problems

Name
1
Period
Date
1. A bundle of hardwood flooring contains 14 2 ft2 and
18 ft 3 ft Tile
6 ft
costs $39.90.
a. How many square feet of flooring is needed to cover the
kitchen and family room? Exclude the fireplace, hearth, and tiled area.
13 ft
Kitchen
18 ft
b. You should buy 5% extra flooring to account for waste.
How many bundles of flooring should you buy? What will be the cost?
Fireplace and hearth 7 ft 3 ft 4 ft 4 ft
Family room
14 ft
2. Berts Bigtime Bakery has baked the worlds largest chocolate cake. It is
a rectangular sheet cake that is 600 cm by 400 cm by 180 cm high. Bert wants to apply frosting to the four sides and the top. How many liters of frosting does he need if 1 liter of frosting covers about 1200 cm2?
3. For a World Peace Day celebration the students at Cabot Junior/Senior
High School are making a 6 m-by-8 m flag. Each of the six grades will create a motif to honor the people of the six inhabited continents. Sketch three possible ways to divide the flag: one into six congruent triangles; one into six triangles with equal area but none congruent; and one into six congruent trapezoids. Give measurements or markings on your sketches so each class knows it has equal area.
4. Kit and Kat are building a kite for the big kite festival. Kit has already
cut his sticks for the diagonals. He wants to position P so that he will have maximum kite area. He asks Kat for advice. What should Kat tell him?
54
CHAPTER 8

Lesson 8.4 Areas of Regular Polygons

Name Period Date
In Exercises 13, the polygons are regular.

1. s
a A
12 cm 14.5 cm _____
s
2. s
A a
s
4.2 cm 197 cm2 _____
3. a
A p
6 cm 130.8 cm2 _____

s
12-gon a
4. In a regular n-gon, s
4.8 cm, a
7.4 cm, and A
177.6 cm2. Find n.
5. Draw a regular pentagon so that it has
6. Use a compass and straightedge to
perimeter 20 cm. Use the Regular Polygon Area Conjecture and a centimeter ruler to find its approximate area.
construct a regular octagon and its apothem. Use a centimeter ruler to measure its side length and apothem, and use the Regular Polygon Area Conjecture to find its approximate area.
7. Find the area of the shaded region between the square and
the regular octagon. s
5 cm. r
3 cm.

CHAPTER 8
55
Lesson 8.5 Areas of Circles

Name Period Date
In Exercises 14, write your answers in terms of

1. If r
.
2. If d
9 cm, A
_____.
6.4 cm, A
_____.
3. If A
529 cm2, r
_____.
4. If C
36 cm, A
_____.
In Exercises 58, round your answers to the nearest 0.01 unit.

5. If r
7.8 cm, A
_____.
6. If A
136.46, C
_____.
7. If d
3.12, A
_____.
8. If C
7.85, A
_____.
For Exercises 9 and 10, refer to the figure of a circle inscribed in an equilateral triangle. Round your answers to the nearest 0.1 unit.
9. Find the area of the inscribed circle.
a 14.0 cm
10. Find the area of the shaded region.
4.04 cm
In Exercises 11 and 12, find the area of the shaded region. Write your answers in terms of .
11. ABCD is a square.
y C (0, 8)
12. The three circles are tangent.
5 cm
D (8, 0) x
56
CHAPTER 8

Lesson 8.6 Any Way You Slice It

Name Period Date
In Exercises 16, find the area of the shaded region. Write your answers in terms of and rounded to the nearest 0.01 cm2.
1.
30
2.
5 cm
3.
4 cm
120
2 cm
4 cm
4.
135
5.
6.
8 cm 12 cm 3 cm
8 cm
45
7. Shaded area is 40
cm2.
cm2.
Find r.
144
Find x.
cm2. The diameter of the larger circle is 20 cm. Find r.
x r
12 cm

CHAPTER 8
57
Lesson 8.7 Surface Area

Name Period Date
In Exercises 18, find the surface area of each solid. All quadrilaterals are rectangles, and all measurements are in centimeters. Round your answers to the nearest 0.1 cm2.
1. 2. 3.
13 7 2 6 6 12
12.4
8.5
4.
5. Base is a regular hexagon.
6.
s
13
6, a
5.2, and l
9.
3 4 3 5
13
l a s 10 4
7. Both bases are squares.

6 8 12
8. A square hole in a round peg
13 4 14
9. Ilsa is building a museum display case. The sides and bottom
will be plywood and the top will be glass. Plywood comes in 4 ft-by-8 ft sheets. How many sheets of plywood will she need to buy? Explain. Sketch a cutting pattern that will leave her with the largest single piece possible.
3 ft
1 1 _ ft 2
1 2 _ ft 2
3 ft 2 ft
58
CHAPTER 8

Lesson 9.1 The Theorem of Pythagoras

Name Period Date
Give all answers rounded to the nearest 0.1 unit.

1. a
a
_____
75 cm
2. p
_____
p
3. x
_____
26 ft 24 ft
14 cm 72 cm 8 cm
21 cm
x 6 ft
4. Area
39 in2
5. Find the area.
6. Find the coordinates of C
h
6 in.
_____
7 ft
and the radius of circle A.

y
h 6 ft
A (7, 1)
x B (11, 4)
7. Find the area.

7.7 cm 6.8 cm
8. RS
R
3 cm. Find RV.
S 13.4 cm
9. Base area
16 cm2 and slant height 3 cm. Whats wrong with this picture?
10. Given
PQR, with m P 90, PQ 20 in., and PR 15 in., find the area of PQR, the length of the hypotenuse, and the altitude to the hypotenuse.

CHAPTER 9
59
Lesson 9.2 The Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem

Name Period Date
All measurements are in centimeters. Give answers rounded to the nearest 0.01 cm. In Exercises 14, determine whether a triangle with the given side lengths is a right triangle.
1. 76, 120, 98 2. 221, 204, 85 3. 5.0, 1.4, 4.8 4. 80, 82, 18
5. Find the area of

A
ABC.
6. Whats wrong with this picture?
95
B 6.5 6
7. Find x. Explain your method.

25 A 24 C 7 D 45 x B
8. Find the area of ABCD.

D 6 A 32 22 C 8 B
In Exercises 911, determine whether ABCD is a rectangle and justify your answer. If not enough information is given, write cannot be determined.
9. AB
3, BC
4, and AC
6.
10. AB
3, BC
4, DA
4, and AC
5.
11. AB
3, BC
4, CD
3, DA
4, and AC
BD.
60
CHAPTER 9

Lesson 9.3 Two Special Right Triangles

Name Period Date
Give your answers in exact form unless otherwise indicated. All measurements are in centimeters. In Exercises 13, find the unknown lengths.
1. a ______ 2. a ______, b ______ 3. a ______, b ______
14
12
3
a b
30
b
60
4. Find the area of rectangle
5. Find the perimeter and
6. AC
ABCD.
A 16
60
area of KLMN.
B
45
_____, AB and area ABC

C 60
_____, _____.
M 12
30
K
C
45
30
7. Find the area of an isosceles trapezoid if the bases have lengths 12 cm
and 18 cm and the base angles have measure 60.
In Exercises 8 and 9, find the coordinates of C.

8.
C
120 210
9.
(1, 0)
x C
(12, 0)
(0, 1)
(0, 12)
10. Sketch and label a figure to demonstrate that
18 is
equivalent to 3 2.

CHAPTER 9
61
Lesson 9.4 Story Problems

Name Period Date
1. A 20 ft ladder reaches a window 18 ft high. How far is the foot of the
ladder from the base of the building? How far must the foot of the ladder be moved to lower the top of the ladder by 2 ft?
2. Robin and Dovey have four pet pigeons that they train to race. They
release the birds at Robins house and then drive to Doveys to collect them. To drive from Robins to Doveys, because of one-way streets, they go 3.1 km north, turn right and go 1.7 km east, turn left and go 2.3 km north, turn right and go 0.9 km east, turn left and go 1.2 km north, turn left and go 4.1 km west, and finally turn left and go 0.4 km south. How far do the pigeons have to fly to go directly from Robins house to Doveys house?
3. Hans needs to paint the 18 in.-wide trim around the roof eaves and
gable ends of his house with 2 coats of paint. A quart can of paint covers 175 ft2 and costs $9.75. A gallon can of paint costs $27.95. How much paint should Hans buy? Explain.
18 ft 18 in. 9.5 ft 28 ft 42 ft
4. What are the dimensions of the largest 30-60-90 triangle that will fit
inside a 45-45-90 triangle with leg length 14 in.? Sketch your solution.
62
CHAPTER 9

Lesson 9.5 Distance in Coordinate Geometry

Name Period Date
In Exercises 13, find the distance between each pair of points.

1. ( 5,
5), (1, 3)
2. ( 11,
5), (5, 7)
3. (8,
2), ( 7, 6)
In Exercises 4 and 5, use the distance formula and the slope of segments to identify the type of quadrilateral. Explain your reasoning.
4. A( 2, 1), B(3,
2), C(8, 1), D(3, 4)
5. T( 3,
3), U(4, 4), V(0, 6), W( 5, 1)
For Exercises 6 and 7, use C(16, 14).

6. Determine whether
ABC with coordinates A(4, 14), B(10, 6), and
ABC is scalene, isosceles, or equilateral. Find the perimeter of the triangle.
7. Find the midpoints M and N of AB and AC , respectively. Find the
slopes and lengths of MN and BC . How do the slopes compare? How do the lengths compare?
8. Find the equation of the circle with center ( 1, 5) and radius 2.
9. Find the center and radius of the circle whose equation is x 2
(y
2)2
25.
10. P is the center of the circle. Whats wrong with this picture?
y A(4, 6) P(10, 1) B(5, 5) C(16, 3) x

CHAPTER 9
63
Lesson 9.6 Circles and the Pythagorean Theorem

Name Period Date
In Exercises 1 and 2, find the area of the shaded region in each figure. All measurements are in centimeters. Write your answers in terms of and rounded to the nearest 0.1 cm2.
1. AO
5. AC
C
8.
2. Tangent PT , QM
12, m P
30
T B A O P S M Q
3. AP
63 cm. Radius of circle O 37 cm. How far is A from the circumference of the circle?
P O
4. Two perpendicular chords with lengths 12.2 cm and 8.8 cm have a
common endpoint. What is the area of the circle?
5. ABCD is inscribed in a circle. AC is a diameter. If AB
9.6 cm,
BC
5.7 cm, and CD
3.1 cm, find AD.
6. Find ST.
30
7. The coordinate of point M is
Find the measure of

6 O T R S 3 P M O y (0, 1)
AOM.
3 1 2 ,2 .
A x (1, 0)
64
CHAPTER 9

Lesson 10.1 The Geometry of Solids

Name Period Date
For Exercises 114, refer to the figures below.

O T A I D E P Q R B B C A F H C J G
1. The cylinder is (oblique, right). 2. OP is ________________ of the cylinder. 3. TR is ________________ of the cylinder. 4. Circles O and P are ________________ of the cylinder. 5. PQ is ________________ of the cylinder. 6. The cone is (oblique, right). 8. Name the vertex of the cone. 10. Name a radius of the cone. 12. Name the bases of the prism. 14. Name an altitude of the prism. 7. Name the base of the cone. 9. Name the altitude of the cone. 11. Name the type of prism. 13. Name all lateral edges of the prism.
In Exercises 1517, tell whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, give a counterexample or explain why it is false.
15. The axis of a cylinder is perpendicular to the base. 16. A rectangular prism has four faces. 17. The bases of a trapezoidal prism are trapezoids.
For Exercises 18 and 19, draw and label each solid. Use dashed lines to show the hidden edges.
18. A right triangular prism with height 19. An oblique trapezoidal pyramid
equal to the hypotenuse

CHAPTER 10
65
Lesson 10.2 Volume of Prisms and Cylinders

Name Period Date
In Exercises 13, find the volume of each prism or cylinder. All measurements are in centimeters. Round your answers to the nearest 0.01.
1. Right triangular prism
6 10 14 6
2. Right trapezoidal prism

6 8
3. Regular hexagonal prism
4 10
5 3
In Exercises 46, use algebra to express the volume of each solid.

4. Right rectangular prism
4y y x h 2x 3 2x 3x
5. Right cylinder;
base circumference
and half of a cylinder
7. You need to build a set of solid cement steps for the entrance
6 in.
to your new house. How many cubic feet of cement do you need?
3 ft 8 in.
66
CHAPTER 10

Lesson 10.3 Volume of Pyramids and Cones

Name Period Date
In Exercises 13, find the volume of each solid. All measurements are in centimeters. Round your answers to two decimal places.
1. Rectangular pyramid; OP
P 25 9 O 8 5 14 6
6 2. Right hexagonal pyramid
3. Half of a right cone
In Exercises 46, use algebra to express the volume of each solid.

4.
30x
5.
b 2a
6. The solid generated by
spinning the axis
ABC about
A
7x
25x 3x
2y
In Exercises 79, find the volume of each figure and tell which volume is larger.
7.
A.
4 8
B.
12 6
8.
A.
3 5
B.
3 5 2
9.
A.
x
B.
x
3 9

CHAPTER 10
67
Lesson 10.4 Volume Problems

Name Period Date
1. A cone has volume 320 cm3 and height 16 cm. Find the radius of the
base. Round your answer to the nearest 0.1 cm.
2. How many cubic inches are there in one cubic foot? Use your answer
to help you with Exercises 3 and 4.
3. Jerry is packing cylindrical cans with diameter 6 in. and height 10 in.
tightly into a box that measures 3 ft by 2 ft by 1 ft. All rows must contain the same number of cans. The cans can touch each other. He then fills all the empty space in the box with packing foam. How many cans can Jerry pack in one box? Find the volume of packing foam he uses. What percentage of the boxs volume is filled by the foam?
4. A king-size waterbed mattress measures 72 in. by 84 in. by 9 in. Water
weighs 62.4 pounds per cubic foot. An empty mattress weighs 35 pounds. How much does a full mattress weigh?
5. Square pyramid ABCDE, shown at right, is cut out of a cube
with base ABCD and shared edge DE . AB and surface area of the pyramid.
2 cm. Find the volume
6. In Dingwall the town engineers have contracted for a new water
D A B
storage tank. The tank is cylindrical with a base 25 ft in diameter and a height of 30 ft. One cubic foot holds about 7.5 gallons of water. About how many gallons will the new storage tank hold?
7. The North County Sand and Gravel Company stockpiles sand
to use on the icy roads in the northern rural counties of the state. Sand is brought in by tandem trailers that carry 12 m3 each. The engineers know that when the pile of sand, which is in the shape of a cone, is 17 m across and 9 m high they will have enough for a normal winter. How many truckloads are needed to build the pile?
68
CHAPTER 10

Lesson 10.5 Displacement and Density

Name Period Date
1. A stone is placed in a 5 cm-diameter graduated cylinder, causing the
water level in the cylinder to rise 2.7 cm. What is the volume of the stone?
2. A 141 g steel marble is submerged in a rectangular prism with base
5 cm by 6 cm. The water rises 0.6 cm. What is the density of the steel?
3. A solid wood toy boat with a mass of 325 g raises the water level of a
50 cm-by-40 cm aquarium 0.3 cm. What is the density of the wood?
4. For Awards Night at Baddeck High School, the math club is
designing small solid silver pyramids. The base of the pyramids will be a 2 in.-by-2 in. square. The pyramids should not weigh more than 2 1 pounds. One cubic foot of silver weighs 655 pounds. What is the 2 maximum height of the pyramids?
5. While he hikes in the Gold Country of northern California, Sid
dreams about the adventurers that walked the same trails years ago. He suddenly kicks a small bright yellowish nugget. Could it be gold? Sid quickly makes a balance scale using his walking stick and finds that the nugget has the same mass as the uneaten half of his 330 g nutrition bar. He then drops the stone into his water bottle, which has a 2.5 cm radius, and notes that the water level goes up 0.9 cm. Has Sid struck gold? Explain your reasoning. (Refer to the density chart in Lesson 10.5 in your book.)

CHAPTER 10
69
Lesson 10.6 Volume of a Sphere

Name Period Date
In Exercises 16, find the volume of each solid. All measurements are in centimeters. Write your answers in exact form and rounded to the nearest 0.1 cm3.
1. 2.
3 6
3.
6
4.
2
90
5.
6 6 6
6. Cylinder with hemisphere
taken out of the top
7. A sphere has volume 221 6
cm3. What is its diameter?
8. The area of the base of a hemisphere is 225
in2. What is its volume?
9. Eight wooden spheres with radii 3 in. are packed snugly into a square
box 12 in. on one side. The remaining space is filled with packing beads. What is the volume occupied by the packing beads? What percentage of the volume of the box is filled with beads?
10. The radius of Earth is about 6378 km, and the radius of Mercury is
about 2440 km. About how many times greater is the volume of Earth than that of Mercury?
70
CHAPTER 10

Lesson 10.7 Surface Area of a Sphere

Name Period Date
In Exercises 14, find the volume and total surface area of each solid. All measurements are in centimeters. Round your answers to the nearest 0.1 cm.
1. 2.
4 7.2 7
3.
5 8
4.
5. If the surface area of a sphere is 48.3 cm2, find its diameter.
6. If the volume of a sphere is 635 cm3, find its surface area.
7. Lobster fishers in Maine often use spherical buoys to mark their lobster
traps. Every year the buoys must be repainted. An average buoy has a 12 in. diameter, and an average fisher has about 500 buoys. A quart of marine paint covers 175 ft2. How many quarts of paint does an average fisher need each year?

CHAPTER 10
71
Lesson 11.1 Similar Polygons

Name Period Date
All measurements are in centimeters.

1. HAPIE
NWYRS
H 6 A 5 E 18 N S 21 R I P 4 W 24 Y
2. QUAD
SIML
120
AP EI SN YR
_____ _____ _____ _____
SL MI
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____
S L D 13
75
8 I 85 M A
m D m U m A
25
20
In Exercises 36, decide whether or not the figures are similar. Explain why or why not.
3. ABCD and EFGH
H A 120 B 3 D
60 60
4.
G
120
ABC and
A 2 2 D 4 8 B 3
ADE
3 C
9
120 60
15
5. JKON and JKLM

J 6 N 12 M 20 5 K 8 10 O 14 L
6. ABCD and AEFG

A 4 G 3 D 7 C 4 E 4 7 F 3 B
7. Draw the dilation of ABCD by a scale
factor of 1 . What is the ratio of the 2 perimeter of the dilated quadrilateral to the perimeter of the original quadrilateral?
y B (4, 6) 5
8. Draw the dilation of
DEF by a scale factor of 2. What is the ratio of the area of the dilated triangle to the area of the original triangle?
y
5 D (1, 2)
C (3, 3) A (0, 2) D (4, 1) 5 x F (2, 1)
E (4, 1) 5 x
72
CHAPTER 11

Lesson 11.2 Similar Triangles

Name Period Date

1.
TAR MC
MAC _____
R
M 3 A 2 7 T
2.
XYZ Q QR QS
12 X
QRS _____ _____
3.
ABC A CD AB
EDC _____
4.
TRS TS QP
8 R 16
TQP _____
_____
T
_____ _____
B 6
1 20 _ 4
_____
Y 20 28 R Q 8 S Z
E Q
17
S 30 P
C
1 22 _ 2
D 16 D A
For Exercises 5 and 6, refer to the figure at right.

5. Explain why
CAT and
DAG are similar.
12 G
6. CA
_____
48
In Exercises 79, identify similar triangles and explain why they are similar.
7.
B
8.
P R
9.
M N

CHAPTER 11
73
Lesson 11.3 Indirect Measurement with Similar Triangles

Name Period Date
1. At a certain time of day, a 6 ft man casts a 4 ft shadow. At the same
time of day, how tall is a tree that casts an 18 ft shadow?
2. Driving through the mountains, Dale has to go up and over a high
mountain pass. The road has a constant incline for 7 3 miles to the 4 top of the pass. Dale notices from a road sign that in the first mile he climbs 840 feet. How many feet does he climb in all?
3. Sunrise Road is 42 miles long between the edge of Moon Lake
and Lake Road and 15 miles long between Lake Road and Sunset Road. Lake Road is 29 miles long. Find the length of Moon Lake.
Sunrise Road Moon Lake Sunset Road Lake Road
4. Marta is standing 4 ft behind a fence 6 ft 6 in. tall. When
she looks over the fence, she can just see the top edge of a building. She knows that the building is 32 ft 6 in. behind the fence. Her eyes are 5 ft from the ground. How tall is the building? Give your answer to the nearest half foot.
Fence 5 ft 6 ft 6 in. 4 ft 32 ft 6 in. Building
5. You need to add 5 supports under the ramp, in addition to
the 3.6 m one, so that they are all equally spaced. How long should each support be? (One is drawn in for you.)
Ramp Support 9.0 m
3.6 m
74
CHAPTER 11

Lesson 11.4 Corresponding Parts of Similar Triangles

Name Period Date

1.
ABC PRQ. M and N are midpoints. Find h and j.

R 1.2 P B 1.5 h N Q
2. The triangles are similar.
Find the length of each side of the smaller triangle to the nearest 0.01.
12 3.2 A 2.4 j M C 10 8 3
3.
ABC WX DB XZ
WXY _____ AD YZ _____ _____
4. Find x and y.
10 x 5 y 8
_____ _____
C 14 28
Y D 16 12 Z X
24
5. Find a, b, and c.
3
6. Find CB, CD, and AD.

A 25 D B
c 6 b a
7 C 4

CHAPTER 11
75
Lesson 11.5 Proportions with Area

Name Period Date
All measurements are in centimeters unless otherwise indicated. Area of circle O 1. ABC DEF. Area of ABC 15 cm2. 2. Area of circle P Area of DEF _____ a _____
A 5 cm C B 3 cm F E a O D
4 9.
6 cm P
3.
Area of square SQUA Area of square LRGE

E S A G
_____ 4.
Area of circle P Area of circle O

12
_____
5. RECT
ANGL Area of RECT Area of ANGL

T L G 4 A R N
_____
C
P 3 Q L 5 U R O 2
10
6. The ratio of the corresponding midsegments of two similar trapezoids
is 4:5. What is the ratio of their areas?
7. The ratio of the areas of two similar pentagons is 4:9. What is the ratio
of their corresponding sides?
8. If ABCDE
ABCDE
FGHIJ, AC 6 cm, FH 10 cm, and area of 320 cm2, then area of FGHIJ _____.
9. Stefan is helping his mother retile the kitchen floor. The tiles are
4-by-4-inch squares. The kitchen is square, and the area of the floor is 144 square feet. Assuming the tiles fit snugly (dont worry about grout), how many tiles will be needed to cover the floor?
76
CHAPTER 11

Lesson 11.6 Proportions with Volume

Name Period Date
All measurements are in centimeters unless otherwise indicated. In Exercises 1 and 2, decide whether or not the two solids are similar.
1.
20 16 12 32 6 1.5 3 5 8 4 8 2
2.
3. The triangular prisms are similar and the ratio of a to b is 2 .
b a
Volume of large prism Volume of smaller prism
250
cm3
_____
4. The right cylinders are similar and r
10 cm.
R
Volume of large cylinder Volume of small cylinder R _______
64 cm 8 cm
r
5. The corresponding heights of two similar cylinders is 2:5. What is the
ratio of their volumes?
6. A rectangular prism aquarium holds 64 gallons of water. A similarly
shaped aquarium holds 8 gallons of water. If a 1.5 ft2 cover fits on the smaller tank, what is the area of a cover that will fit on the larger tank?

CHAPTER 11
77
Lesson 11.7 Proportional Segments Between Parallel Lines

Name Period Date

1. x
_____
A 6 9 8
2. Is XY
A 2 X x T B 3
BC ?
3 Y 4.5 C
3. Is XY
MK ?
M 40 X 30 O
60
48
4. NE
N
_____
5. PR
_____ _____ _____

5 Q 10
6. a
_____ _____
n 15 b 4.5 3 a 5 T
PQ RI
b
M
M 12.5 P 8 A 12 E
T 3 P
7. RS
_____ _____
R 15 E 10 B 30 5 T
8. x
_____ _____
15 9 12 x y 12
9. p
_____ _____
2 3 4 q
EB
78
CHAPTER 11

Lesson 12.1 Trigonometric Ratios

Name Period Date
In Exercises 14, give each answer as a fraction in terms of p, q, and r.

1. sin P 3. tan P
_____ _____
2. cos P 4. sin Q
_____ _____
P q R p r Q
In Exercises 58, give each answer as a decimal accurate to the nearest 0.001.
5. sin T 7. tan T
_____ _____
6. cos T 8. sin R
_____
6 8 R
_____
For Exercises 911, solve for x. Express each answer accurate to the nearest 0.01. 12.1 x 9. cos 64 10. sin 24 11. tan 51 x 28 For Exercises 1214, find the measure of each angle to the nearest degree. 4 12. sin A 0.9455 13. tan B 14. cos C 3 For Exercises 1517, write a trigonometric equation you can use to solve for the unknown value. Then find the value to the nearest 0.1.
15. w
x 14.8
0.8660
_____
w
16. x
_____
17. y
_____
17
x
40
28 cm
28
73 cm 14 cm
For Exercises 1820, find the value of each unknown to the nearest degree.
18. a
_____
26 cm 14 cm a
19. t
_____
11 in. t 15 in.
20. z
_____
25 cm
z 12 cm

CHAPTER 12
79
Lesson 12.2 Problem Solving with Right Triangles

Name Period Date
For Exercises 13, find the area of each figure to the nearest square unit.
1. Area
_____
2. Area
_____
3. Area
_____
13 in.
50
28 ft 2.0 cm
28
140
For Exercises 49, find each unknown to the nearest tenth of a unit.
4. Area
88 cm2 _____
5. y
_____
28 ft
6. a
_____
14 in.
72
17 ft x 16 cm y
8 in.
a 14 in.
8 in.
7. PS and PT are tangents.
8. Right cone
Diameter
S
65
_____
P
_____
m ABC
24 in.
_____
10 in.
22 cm T
13 ft 5 ft
14 in. B
In Exercises 1012, give each answer to the nearest tenth of a unit.

10. A ladder 7 m long stands on level ground and makes a 73 angle with
the ground as it rests against a wall. How far from the wall is the base of the ladder?
11. To see the top of a building 1000 feet away, you look up 24 from the
horizontal. What is the height of the building?

12. A guy wire is anchored 12 feet from the base of a pole. The wire makes
a 58 angle with the ground. How long is the wire?
80
CHAPTER 12

Lesson 12.3 The Law of Sines

Name Period Date
In Exercises 13, find the area of each figure to the nearest square unit.
1. Area
_____
15 cm
17
2. Area
_____
3. Area
_____
8 ft
5 ft
55 70
21 cm 8.7 m
14 ft
In Exercises 46, find each length to the nearest centimeter. All lengths are in centimeters.
4. m
_____
m
51
5. p
32
_____
6. q
_____
17
40
12 p
22
21
67 76
In Exercises 79, find the measure of each angle to the nearest degree.
7. m B
_____ _____
8. m P
_____ _____
R
9. m K
_____ _____
M 105
m C
B 16 A
81
m Q
m M
29
48
26 K C P 32 Q
78
106
10. A large helium balloon is tethered to the ground by two taut lines. One
line is 100 feet long and makes an 80 angle with the ground. The second line makes a 40 angle with the ground. How long is the second line, to the nearest foot? How far apart are the tethers?

CHAPTER 12
81
Lesson 12.4 The Law of Cosines

Name Period Date
In Exercises 13, find each length to the nearest centimeter. All lengths are in centimeters.
1. t
_____
U t 16
39
2. b
_____
O 118 b 152 Y
3. w
_____
M w 87 114
12
21
25
In Exercises 46, find each angle measure to the nearest degree.

4. m A
_____ _____ _____
5. m A
_____ _____ _____

P
6. m S
_____ _____ _____

V
m B m C
C 51
m P m S
m U m V
70 S
48
30 45 A S
265
192
62
201
7. A circle with radius 12 in. has radii drawn to the endpoints of a
5 in. chord. What is the measure of the central angle?
8. A parallelogram has side lengths 22.5 cm and 47.8 cm. One angle
measures 116. What is the length of the shorter diagonal?
9. The diagonals of a parallelogram are 60 in. and 70 in. and intersect
at an angle measuring 64. Find the length of the shorter side of the parallelogram.
82
CHAPTER 12

Lesson 12.5 Problem Solving with Trigonometry

Name Period Date
1. While floating down a river with a 2.75 mi/h current, Alicia decides
to swim directly toward the river bank. She can swim 0.75 mi/h in still water. What is the actual speed at which she moves toward the bank? At what angle will she approach the bank, measured with respect to the bank?
2. Find the measure of each angle to the nearest hundredth of a degree.

y c B(4, 7) a b x A(15, 9)
C(10, 0)
3. Two fire watchtowers 8.4 km apart spot a fire at the same time. Tower 1
reports the fire at a 36 angle measure from its line of sight to Tower 2. Tower 2 reports a 68 angle measure between the fire and Tower 1. How far is the fire from each tower?
4. Two airplanes leave OHare Airport in Chicago at the same time. One
plane flies 280 mi/h at bearing 55. The other plane flies 350 mi/h at bearing 128. How far apart are the two planes after 2 hours 15 minutes?
5. Carla needs to fence her triangular plot of land. The angle between
the two shorter sides measures 83. The shortest side is 122 ft and the longest is 215 ft. How much fencing does Carla need? What is the area of her plot of land?

CHAPTER 12
83
Lesson 13.1 The Premises of Geometry

Name Period Date
1. Provide the missing property of equality or arithmetic as a reason for
each step to solve the equation. Solve for x: 5(x

Solution:
4) 4) 20 20 3x x
2x 2x 2x 17 37 37 3
17 17 17 a. ________________ b. ________________ c. ________________ d. ________________ e. ________________
5(x 5x 3x
In Exercises 24, identify each statement as true or false. If the statement is true, tell which definition, property, or postulate supports your answer. If the statement is false, give a counterexample.
2. If AM
BM, then M is the midpoint of AB . m BPD 180.
3. If P is on AB and D is not, then m APD 4. If PQ
ST and PQ
KL , then ST
KL.
5. Complete the flowchart proof. Given: AB Show: AB
CD , AP CD
CQ , PB
QD
P B Q
Flowchart Proof
AB CD ____________ ABP CDQ
____________
Given AP CQ ____________ CA Postulate
____________ AB CD
____________
84
CHAPTER 13

Lesson 13.2 Planning a Geometry Proof

Name Period Date
For these exercises, you may use theorems added to your theorem list through the end of Lesson 13.2. In Exercises 13, write a paragraph proof or a flowchart proof for each situation.
1. Given: AB Show:
CD , AP CQ PAB QCD
A
P B Q D C
2. Given: PQ Show: PR
ST , UT
QPR
STU
Q R T
U S
3. Given: Noncongruent, nonparallel
segments AB, BC, and AC Show: x y z 180

b y B
x a
c C z

CHAPTER 13
85
Lesson 13.3 Triangle Proofs

Name Period Date
Write a proof for each situation. You may use theorems added to your theorem list through the end of Lesson 13.3.
1. Given: XY Show:
ZY , XZ WY WXY WZY
2. Given: CD Show:
AC , BD AB , CD ABD ACD
C
BD
X Y
3. Given: MN
QM , NO QM , P is the midpoint of MO Show: QMN RON
4. Given: AB
R O
AB Show: BD
BC , BD CE
ACB
B
ECD,
E N P A C D
86
CHAPTER 13

Lesson 13.4 Quadrilateral Proofs

Name Period Date
In Exercises 16, write a proof of each conjecture on a separate piece of paper. You may use theorems added to your theorem list through the end of Lesson 13.4.
1. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. (Parallelogram
Diagonals Theorem)
2. If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram. (Converse of the Parallelogram Diagonals Theorem)

3. The diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other and are perpendicular.
(Rhombus Diagonals Theorem)

4. If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other and are
perpendicular, then the quadrilateral is a rhombus. (Converse of the Rhombus Diagonals Theorem)
5. If the base angles on one base of a trapezoid are congruent, then the
trapezoid is isosceles. (Converse of the Isosceles Trapezoid Theorem)

6. If the diagonals of a trapezoid are congruent, then the trapezoid is
isosceles. (Converse of the Isosceles Trapezoid Diagonals Theorem) In Exercises 79, decide if the statement is true or false. If it is true, prove it. If it is false, give a counterexample.
7. A quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides and one pair of
congruent angles is a parallelogram.
8. A quadrilateral with one pair of congruent opposite sides and one pair
of parallel sides is a parallelogram.
9. A quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides and one pair of
congruent opposite angles is a parallelogram.

CHAPTER 13
87
Lesson 13.5 Indirect Proof

Name Period Date
1. Complete the indirect proof of the conjecture: In a triangle the side
opposite the larger of two angles has a greater measure.

Given:
ABC with m A AC
m B
Show: BC
Proof: Assume ________________ Case 1: BC
AC
If BC AC, then ABC is ________________ by _______________. By _______________, A B, which contradicts ______________. So, BC AC.
Case 2: BC
AC
If BC AC, then it is possible to construct point D on CA such that CB , by the Segment Duplication Postulate. Construct DB , by CD the Line Postulate. DBC is ________________. Complete the proof.
C D 4 A
1 2 3
In Exercises 25, write an indirect proof of each conjecture.

2. Given: AD Show:
AB , DC BC DAC BAC
B
D C
3. If two sides of a triangle are not congruent, then the angles
opposite them are not congruent.
4. If two lines are parallel and a third line in the same plane intersects
one of them, then it also intersects the other.
88
CHAPTER 13

Lesson 13.6 Circle Proofs

Name Period Date
Write a proof for each conjecture or situation. You may use theorems added to your theorem list through the end of Lesson 13.6.
1. If two chords in a circle are congruent, then their arcs are congruent.
2. Given: Regular pentagon ABCDE inscribed in circle O, with diagonals
AC and AD Show: AC and AD trisect
BAE
O A C
3. Given: Two circles externally tangent at R, common external tangent
T S R
segment TS Show: TRS is a right angle
4. Given: Two circles internally tangent at T with chords TD
and TB of the larger circle intersecting the smaller circle at C and A Show: AC BD
T D C
A B

CHAPTER 13
89
Lesson 13.7 Similarity Proofs

Name Period Date
Write a proof for each situation. You may use theorems added to your theorem list through the end of Lesson 13.7.
1. Given:
ABC with A Show: BC 2 AB BD
BCD
2. The diagonals of a trapezoid divide each other into segments with
lengths in the same ratio as the lengths of the bases.
3. In a right triangle the product of the lengths of the two legs equals the
product of the lengths of the hypotenuse and the altitude to the hypotenuse.
4. If a quadrilateral has one pair of opposite right angles and one pair of
opposite congruent sides, then the quadrilateral is a rectangle.
90
CHAPTER 13

ANSWERS
LESSON 1.1 Building Blocks of Geometry

1. S 5. NS 8. KN 2. 9 cm 6. PQ KL , NM 3. SN 7. SP LM , NO LO 4. endpoint
17.
Q
LESSON 1.3 Whats a Widget?

1. d 2. c 6. b 3. e 7. h 4. i 8. a
9. E( 14, 15) 10.

A 3.2 cm M 2.0 cm D C B
5. f 9. g
11.
1.5 cm A C
1.5 cm
10. They have the same measure, 13. Because m Q 77, its complement has measure 13. So m R 13, which is the same as m P. 11.
D 3 cm B E C
3 1 2
12.
3 cm
12. AB , AC , AD , AE , AF , BC , BD , BE , BF , CD , CE , CF , DE , DF , EF (15 lines)
13.
B C
E A
13. Possible coplanar set: {C, D, H, G}; 12 different sets

Y
LESSON 1.2 Poolroom Math

1. vertex 4. 126 7. 47 10.
N 15
2. bisector 5. DAE
3. side 6. 133 9. 70
LESSON 1.4 Polygons

Polygon name 1. Triangle 2. Quadrilateral 3. Pentagon Number of sides 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 Number of diagonals 0 2 5 9 14 20 35 54
8. 63
M O
11.
12.
90
160 z
4. Hexagon 5. Heptagon 6. Octagon
7. Decagon
13. 90 16.
A B
14. 120
15. 75
8. Dodecagon
9.
P
C
E N
10.
D
Q U A
T A

ANSWERS
91
11. AC , AD , AE 12. Possible answer: AB and BC 13. Possible answer: A and B
For Exercises 610, 12, and 13, answers may vary. Possible answers are shown. 6.
R a b A
14. Possible answer: AC and FD 15. 82 19. 6.2 cm 16. 7.2 17. 61 18. 16.1
N a b
LESSON 1.5 Triangles

For Exercises 17, answers will vary. Possible answers are shown. 1. AB 3. CG 5. 6.
I
7. ACFD 11. D(0, 3)
8. EFHG 12. E(0, 5)
9. BFJD 13. G(16, 3)
10. BFHD
LESSON 1.7 Circles

1. 48 2. 132 3. 228 6. 4. 312
GH FH GEF
2. EF 4.
BI GEF
DEG and
5.
DEG and
T
7.
R
C L S M A
8.
9.
7. (8, 2); (3, 7); (3, 8.
3)
40 G
C D
O A
For Exercises 1012, answers may vary. Possible answers are shown. 10. F(8, 2)
D C
11. D(4, 3) 12. G(10, 2)
9. The chord goes through the center, P. (It is a diameter.)
LESSON 1.6 Special Quadrilaterals

1.
P G
P Q
2.
10.
A R E R T R 50
180
3.
M
R H O
4.
P E
290 A
5.
T
K I
92
ANSWERS

11. Kite
B Q P A
4. Possible answers: a. b.
c.
LESSON 1.8 Space Geometry

1. 2.
LESSON 2.1 Inductive Reasoning

1. 20, 24 4. 1, 1 1 1 2. 12 2 , 6 4 5. 72, 60 5 3. 4 , 2 6. 243, 729
7. 91, 140 3. Rectangular prism 4. Pentagonal prism 8.
9.
5.
6. 10.
y y
(3, 1)
7. 18 cubes
8. x
2, y
1
(1, 3)
LESSON 1.9 A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words

1.
10 m Possible locations Gas 5 A 5 Power 12 m
1 11. False; 2 12. False; 11 13. True
1 4 10 110, 11 12 132
2. Dora, Ellen, Charles, Anica, Fred, Bruce

3 3 1 1 4
LESSON 2.2 Finding the nth Term

1. Linear 4. Linear 5.
n f (n) 1 5 1 10 2 2 3 9 2 18 4 16 3 26 5 23 4 34 5 42
2. Linear
3. Not linear
D E C A F
B Triangles Acute triangles
3.
6.
n g(n)
7. f(n)
Isosceles triangles Scalene triangles
4n 5n 1 2n
5; f(50) 11; f(50) 6; f(50)
205 239 31
8. f(n) 9. f(n)

ANSWERS
93
10. n Number of triangles 11. n Area of figure 1 2 3 4

64
4. Answers will vary. Possible answers: 1 2 3 4 5 ...
. . . 50
3 . . . 197
1 b 1 6 2 c 7 3 9 8 4 e d d a 4
b 2 3 e 5 6 f c 7
1 5 9 13 17 . . . 4n
...
n
4n
1
. . . 50 ...
449
10 5
1 4 16
256 . . .
5 teams, 10 games
a
6 teams, 7 games
LESSON 2.3 Mathematical Modeling

1.
b 1 6 4 5 2 c d 3 f e
6 teams, 6 games
a. 240 b. 1350 c. f(n) 2.

H T H H T T H H T T H T T HHT HTH HTT THH THT TTH TTT
LESSON 2.4 Deductive Reasoning

2n(n 2), or f(n)
H HHH
2n2
4n
1. No. Explanations will vary. Sample explanation: Because ABC is equilateral, AB BC. Because C lies between B and D, BD BC, so BD is not equal to AB. Thus ABD is not equilateral, by deductive reasoning. 2. Answers will vary. m E m D 90); deductive 3. a, e, f; inductive 4. Deductive a. 4x 4x 3(2 6 x 3x x) 3x 6 6 3x x 8 8 8 8 2 2 3 2x 2x 2x
The original equation. Distributive property. Combining like terms. Addition property of equality. Subtraction property of equality. Division property of equality.
m D (m E
a. 8 sequences b. 3 sequences have 1 tail. 3 c. 8 3. 66 different pairs. Use a dodecagon showing sides and diagonals.
94
ANSWERS

b.
19 19 19
2(3x 5 2(3x 6x 21
1) 1) 2 6x 21 11 1
x 5(x 5x 5x 11x 11x x
The original equation.
LESSON 3.1 Duplicating Segments and Angles

1.
P Q R S
2) Multiplication property
of equality.
10 Distributive property. 10 Combining like terms. 10 Addition property of

equality. Subtraction property of equality. Division property of equality.
A B
2. XY
X
3PQ
2RS
Y
5. a. 16, 21; inductive b. f(n) 5n 9; 241; deductive
3. Possible answer: 128 35 93
4.
LESSON 2.5 Angle Relationships

1. a 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. a 68, b 127 35, b 90, b 20, b 70, b 40, c 90, c 70, c 55, c 35, d 42, d 20, d 25 9. Never 12. 158 15. converse 1. 2. Square
C
112, c
68 5. 132 110
C D B
D D
70 48, e 70, e
6.
7. Sometimes 10. Sometimes 13. 90
8. Always 11. acute 14. obtuse
LESSON 3.2 Constructing Perpendicular Bisectors
LESSON 2.6 Special Angles on Parallel Lines

1. a 2. a 3. a 5. 7. a f 8. x 9. x
1
54, b 115, b 72, b

2
54, c 65, c 126
54 115, d 65 4.
1 2
6. cannot be determined 78, c 58, d 122, e 26,
102, b 58 80 20, y
25

ANSWERS
95
3. XY
5 4 AB
LESSON 3.3 Constructing Perpendiculars to a Line

1. False. The altitude from A coincides with the side so it is not shorter.
A
M A B B C
2. False. In an isosceles triangle, an altitude and median coincide so they are of equal length.
4.
ABC is not unique.

A A M B B
3. True 4. False. In an acute triangle, all altitudes are inside. In a right triangle, one altitude is inside and two are sides. In an obtuse triangle, one altitude is inside and two are outside. There is no other possibility so exactly one altitude is never outside. 5. False. In an obtuse triangle, the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors is outside the triangle. 6. 7.
S P Q R
5.
ABC is not unique.

C C P A A B
Q B
8.
6. BD
AD
C
CD
9. WX
A
YZ
7. a. A and B b. A, B, and C c. A and B and from C and D (but not from B and C) d. A and B and from D and E
96
ANSWERS

LESSON 3.4 Constructing Angle Bisectors

1. a. b. c. d. and 2 1, 2, and 3 2, 3, and 4 1 and 2 and from
1
5.
M O
and
R 4
2. AP is the bisector of 3. x 4.
CAB
6. Possible answer:
O B I
20, m ABE
50
5. They are concurrent.
LESSON 3.6 Construction Problems

1. Possible answer:
E T
6.
2. Possible answer:
Perimeter
7. RN
H
GN and RO
HO
M N
LESSON 3.5 Constructing Parallel Lines

1.
P
2.
P
3.
S R
4.
A R m P P Q T

ANSWERS
97
3. Possible answers:
C T R T E C E
LESSON 3.7 Constructing Points of Concurrency

1. Circumcenter 2. Locate the power-generation plant at the incenter. Locate each transformer at the foot of the perpendicular from the incenter to each side. 3.
4. Possible answer:
T U E O S B
5. Possible answer:
B
4. Possible answer: In the equilateral triangle, the centers of the inscribed and circumscribed circles are the same. In the obtuse triangle, one center is outside the triangle.
6. Possible answer:
S1 S1 S2
S2
7. Possible answer:
S1
S1
5. Possible answer: In an acute triangle, the circumcenter is inside the triangle. In a right triangle, it is on the hypotenuse. In an obtuse triangle, the circumcenter is outside the triangle. (Constructions not shown.)
90
B B
8.
S1 S3 S2
98
ANSWERS

LESSON 3.8 The Centroid

1.
LESSON 4.2 Properties of Isosceles Triangles

1. m T 3. x 64 2. m G 45
125 39, perimeter of 163 m, m M 44, QR 125 50 ABC 46 cm
4. m A 5. LM
2.
6. m Q
7. a. DAB ABD BDC BCD b. ADB CBD c. AD BC by the Converse of the AIA Conjecture. 8. x 21, y 16 9. m QPR 15
3. CP
R
3.3 cm, CQ
5.7 cm, CR
4.8 cm
10. m PRQ 55 by VA, which makes m P 55 by the Triangle Sum Conjecture. So, PQR is isosceles by the Converse of the Isosceles Triangle Conjecture.
LESSON 4.3 Triangle Inequalities

6 cm C 10 cm
1. Yes 2. No
8 cm
17 km 28 km
9 km
4. (3, 4) 5. PC 6. a. c. e. g. 16, CL 8, QM 15, CR 14 3. 19 5. b 7. x c 76 x a
53
4. b 6. a 8. x
a c 79
c d b
Incenter Circumcenter Orthocenter Centroid
b. Centroid d. Circumcenter f. Incenter
9. The interior angle at A is 60. The interior angle at B is 20. But now the sum of the measures of the triangle is not 180. 10. By the Exterior Angles Conjecture, 2x x m PQS. So, m PQS x. So, by the Converse of the Isosceles Triangle Conjecture, PQS is isosceles. 11. Not possible. AB 12.
P
LESSON 4.1 Triangle Sum Conjecture

1. p 3. a 4. r 5. x 7. s 67, q 78, b 40, s 31, y 28 a 15 29 40, t 64 100 145 1 8. m 72 2 10. m QPT 135 6. y 2. x 82, y 81
BC
AC
9. m P 11. 720
12. The sum of the measures of A and B is 90 because m C is 90 and all three angles must be 180. So, A and B are complementary. 13. m BEA m CED because they are vertical angles. Because the measures of all three angles in each triangle add to 180, if equal measures are subtracted from each, what remains will be equal.
LESSON 4.4 Are There Congruence Shortcuts?

1. SAA or ASA 4. BQM (SAS) 2. SSS 5. TIE (SSS) 3. SSS

ANSWERS
99
6. Cannot be determined, as shown by the figure.

Y A Z C
9. All triangles will be congruent by ASA. Possible triangle:

R
P B X
7.
TNO (SAS)
10. All triangles will be congruent by SAA. Possible procedure: Use A and C to construct B and then copy A and B at the ends of AB .
C
8. Cannot be determined, as shown by the figure.

Q U R T S A
9.
DOG (SAS)
LESSON 4.6 Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles

1. SSS, SAS, ASA, SAA
S
10. Only one triangle because of SSS.

T U
2. YZ 3. WZ
A
WX, AIA Conjecture XY , AIA Conjecture 5. CPCTC ZXM by SAS. YW BCD by SAS. AD ZX by CPCTC. BD by CPCTC.
11. Two possible triangles.
4. ASA 6. YWM ACD
A B C B C
7.
12. Only one triangle because of SAS.

Z
8. Possible answer: DE and CF are both the distance between DC and AB . Because the lines are parallel, the distances are equal. So, DE CF . 9. Possible answer: DE CF (see Exercise 8). DEF CFE because both are right angles, EF FE because they are the same segment. So, DEF CFE by SAS. EC FD by CPCTC. 10. Possible answer: It is given that TP RA and PTR ART, and TR RT because they are the same segment. So PTR ART by SAS and TA RP by CPCTC.
LESSON 4.5 Are There Other Congruence Shortcuts?

1. Cannot be determined
LESSON 4.7 Flowchart Thinking

1. (See flowchart proof at bottom of page 101.) 2. 4. 6. XZY (SAA) PRS (ASA) GQK (ASA or SAA) QRS MOL by SSS. 3. 5. ACB (ASA or SAA) NRA (SAA) 2. (See flowchart proof at bottom of page 101.) 3. (See flowchart proof at bottom of page 101.)
LESSON 4.8 Proving Special Triangle Conjectures

1. AD 3. m B 5. AN 8 52, CB 17 13 2. m ACD 4. m E 60 104 36
7. Yes,
8. No, corresponding sides TV and WV are not congruent.
6. Perimeter ABCD
100
ANSWERS

7. (See flowchart proof at bottom of page 102.) 8. Flowchart Proof

CD is a median Given AC Given BC AD BD CD CD
3. 170; 36 sides 5. x 105 150

C 110
4. 15 sides 6. x 18
7. m E
Definition of median ADC BDC
Same segment
B A
70 D 125 85 150 E
SSS Conjecture ACD CPCTC CD bisects ACB Definition of bisect BCD
LESSON 5.2 Exterior Angles of a Polygon

1. 12 sides 5. a 7. a 8. a 9. 64, b 156, b 135, b 2. 24 sides 138 2 3 132, c 40, c 3. 4 sides 6. a 108 105, d 135 4. 6 sides 9
102, b
LESSON 5.1 Polygon Sum Conjecture

1. a 2. a 103, b 92, b 103, c 44, c 97, d 51, d 83, e 85, e 154 136
44, f
Lesson 4.7, Exercises 1, 2, 3
1.
PQ Given PQ SR Given PQS
SR
RSQ
PQS
RSQ
SP
QR
AIA Conjecture QS QS
SAS Conjecture
CPCTC
Same segment
2.
KE Given KITE is a kite Given TE
KI ETK TI KET KIT CPCTC EKT CPCTC IKT ITK KT bisects and ETI Definition of bisect EKI
Definition of kite KT KT
SSS Conjecture
Same segment
3.
AB CD ABCD is a parallelogram Given AD CB Definition of parallelogram Definition of parallelogram
ABD
CDB
AIA Conjecture BD DB BDA DBC A CPCTC C
Same segment ADB CBD
ASA Conjecture
AIA Conjecture ANSWERS

101
LESSON 5.3 Kite and Trapezoid Properties

A B
1. x 3. x 5. PS 7.
D
30 64, y 33
C
2. x 43 4. x 6. a
124, y 12, y 11
56 49
M N
7. AMNO is a parallelogram. By the Triangle Midsegment Conjecture, ON AM and MN AO . Flowchart Proof

OC 1 _ AC 2 MN 1 _ AC 2
8.
A
D C B
Definition of midpoint OC MN
Midsegment Conjecture
9. Possible answer: Paragraph proof: Draw AE PT with E on TR . TEAP is a parallelogram. T AER because they are corresponding angles of parallel lines. T R because it is given, so AER R, because both are congruent to T. Therefore, AER is isosceles by the Converse of the Isosceles EA because they are Triangle Conjecture. TP opposite sides of a parallelogram and AR EA because AER is isosceles. Therefore, TP RA because both are congruent to EA .
1 Both congruent to _ AC 2 1 _ AB 2 1 _ AB 2
MB
ON
Definition of midpoint ON MB
Midsegment Conjecture
1 Both congruent to _ AB 2 CON A NMB A
CA Conjecture
CA Conjecture NMB A
LESSON 5.4 Properties of Midsegments

CON
1. a 2. x 3. x
89, b 21, y 17, y
54, c 7, z 11, z XYZ 32
91
Both congruent to
6.5 66, PQ 37, ZX 1.6, 27.5
ONC
MBN
4. Perimeter
SAS Conjecture
5. M(12, 6), N(14.5, 2); slope AB slope MN 1.6
6. Pick a point P from which A and B can be viewed over land. Measure AP and BP and find the midpoints M and N. AB 2MN.
Lesson 4.8, Exercise 7
CD CD
8. Paragraph proof: Looking at FGR, HI FG by the Triangle Midsegment Conjecture. Looking at PQR, FG PQ for the same reason. Because FG PQ , quadrilateral FGQP is a trapezoid and DE is the midsegment, so it is parallel to FG and PQ . Therefore, HI FG DE PQ .
Same segment CD is an altitude Given ADC and BDC are right angles Definition of altitude AC Given BC ADC BDC ADC BDC AD BD CD is a median Definition of median
Both are right angles
SAA Conjecture
CPCTC
Converse of IT
102
ANSWERS

LESSON 5.5 Properties of Parallelograms

1. Perimeter ABCD 2. AC 3. AB 4. a 5. AB 6. a 7. AD 8.
F2
Resultant vector F1 F2
4. c, d, f, g 6. f, g 8. c, d, f, g 10. d, g
5. d, e, g 7. h 9. c, d, f, g 11. d, g 13. Parallelogram

C
82 cm 14 7
22, BD 16, BC 51, b 35.5 41, b 75
48, c
70
12. None 14.

D
86, c
53
F1
LESSON 5.7 Proving Quadrilateral Properties

142, c 142, d 38, e 142, 52, h 12, i 61, j 81, k 61
D
9. a f 10. No
38, b 38, g
1. (See flowchart proof at bottom of page.) 2. Flowchart Proof

AB Given CB
A B D
AD Given DB
CD
ABD
CBD
A CPCTC
SSS Conjecture DB
Same segment
A C
3. Flowchart Proof
AO CO
Diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other AB CB CD AD BO DO
LESSON 5.6 Properties of Special Parallelograms

1. OQ 16, m QRS 90, PR 90, 32
Definition of rhombus
Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other CBO CDO ADO
2. m OKL 45, m MOL perimeter KLMN 32 3. OB 6, BC 11, m AOD
ABO
90
SSS Conjecture

APR CQR AR APR CQR CR AC and QP bisect each other Definition of bisect
AIA Conjecture DC AB Given AP Given PAR QCR CQ
CPCTC PR QR
ASA Conjecture
CPCTC
AIA Conjecture

ANSWERS
103
4. Flowchart Proof
AD BC Definition of parallelogram DAX BCY
3. z 4. w 5. w 6. x
45 100, x 49, x 50, y 122.5, y 110 65.5
16 cm, y cannot be determined
AIA Conjecture AD CB AXD CYB
Opposite sides of parallelogram AXD CYB
Both are 90
7. Kite. Possible explanation: OM ON because congruent chords AB and AC are the same distance from the center. AM AN because they are halves of congruent chords. So, AMON has two pairs of adjacent congruent sides and is a kite. 8. The perpendicular segment from the center of the circle bisects the chord, so the chord has length 12 units. But the diameter of the circle is 12 units, and the chord cannot be as long as the diameter because it doesnt pass through the center of the circle. 9. P(0,1), M(4, 2) 10. mAB 49, mABC mACB 311 253, mBAC 156,
SAA Conjecture DX BY
CPCTC
LESSON 6.1 Tangent Properties

1. w 126 65
2. m BQX
3. a. m NQP 90, m MPQ 90 b. Trapezoid. Possible explanation: MP and NQ are both perpendicular to PQ , so they are parallel to each other. The distance from M to PQ is MP, and the distance from N to PQ is NQ. But the two circles are not congruent, so MP NQ. Therefore, MN is not a constant distance from PQ and they are not parallel. Exactly one pair of sides is parallel, so MNQP is a trapezoid. 1 4. y 3 x 10 5. Possible answer: Tangent segments from a point to a circle are congruent. So, PA PB , PB PC , and PC PD . Therefore, PA PD . 6. a. 4.85 cm b. 11.55 cm 7.
A T P
11. Possible answer: Fold and crease to match the endpoints of the arc. The crease is the perpendicular bisector of the chord connecting the endpoints. Fold and crease so that one endpoint falls on any other point on the arc. The crease is the perpendicular bisector of the chord between the two matching points. The center is the intersection of the two creases.
Center
LESSON 6.3 Arcs and Angles

1. m XNM 2. x 3. a 4. a 5. x 120, y 90, b 50, b 140 90, mAB 72, m C 30, mAB 58, s 80, d 50, j 87 50, e 90, k 130, 40, 36, mCB 60, 108 40, mXN 60, z 55, c 60, c 180, mMN 120 35 70 100
6. m A
7. mAD 140, m D mDAB 200
LESSON 6.2 Chord Properties

1. a 95, b 85, c 47.5 90
8. p
128, q
87, r
2. v cannot be determined, w
9. a 50, b 50, c f 90, g 50, h m 80, n 50
104
ANSWERS

LESSON 6.4 Proving Circle Conjectures

1. Flowchart Proof
XC XA XA XD
4. Flowchart Proof Construct radii AO , OB , OC , and OD .

AB Given AOB COD CD
Tangent Segments Conjecture XC XD
Tangent Segments Conjecture
Transitivity AB bisects CD at X Definition of segment bisector AO CO
Definition of arc measure BO DO
Radii of same circle
Radii of same circle
2. Angles are numbered for reference.
A
1
AOB
COD
SAS Conjecture
O
3 2
AB
CD
D B E
CPCTC
LESSON 6.5 The Circumference/Diameter Ratio

1. C 3. C 5. C 6. d 7. C 21 cm 60 cm 30.2 cm 42.0 cm, r 37.7 in. 21.0 cm 2. r 4. d 12.5 cm 24 cm
Paragraph Proof It is given that OE AD , so 2 1 by the CA Conjecture. Because OA and OD are radii, they are congruent, so AOD is isosceles. Therefore 4 1 by the IT Conjecture. Both 2 and 4 are congruent to 1, so 2 4. By the AIA Conjecture, 4 3, so 2 3. The measure of an arc equals the measure of its central angle, so because their central angles are congruent, DE BE . 3. Flowchart Proof
8. Yes; about 2.0 in.

5 in.
2 in.
PX
RX
XQ
XS
Tangent Segments Conjecture PX XQ RX
Tangent Segments Conjecture XS
Addition Property of Equality PX XQ PQ RX XS RS
9. C
75.4 cm
Segment addition PQ RS
Segment addition
10. Press the square against the tree as shown. Measure the tangent segment on the square. The tangent segment is the same length as the radius. Use C 2 r to find the circumference.
Transitivity PQ RS
Tree
Definition of congruent segments
11. 4 cm

ANSWERS
105
LESSON 6.6 Around the World

1. At least 7 olive pieces 2. About 2.5 rotations 3.
(2 (60 4.23 107) 60 23.93)
3.
A T P A P E N
T N E
3085 m/s (about 3 km/s or just
under 2 mi/s) 4. 6.05 cm or 9.23 cm 5. Sitting speed 107,500 km/h

(2 1.4957 (364.25 1011 103) 24)
4. Possible answers: The two points where the figure and the image intersect determine . Or connect any two corresponding points and construct the perpendicular bisector, which is .
D D
E C B A
LESSON 6.7 Arc Length

C
1. 4 3. 30 80 5. 9 100 7. 9 9. 22
2. 4 35 4. 9 25 6. 6.25 or 4 8. 31.5 10. 396
E B
5. 3-fold rotational symmetry, 3 lines of reflection 6. 2-fold rotational symmetry 7. 1 line of reflection 8. 1 line of reflection 9. 2-fold rotational symmetry, 2 lines of reflection
C
EXPLORATION Intersection Secants, Tangents, and Chords

1. x 21 70, mED 150 66 210 141
2. mDC 3. mDC 4. m BCE 5. x 6. x 7. x 8. x
114, m DEC 75, mBAC 110, z 150, z 68, z 34.5
10. 2-fold rotational symmetry

C
80, y 34, y 112, y 28, y
122 53 11. 1 line of reflection
LESSON 7.1 Transformations and Symmetry

1.
I T R R C I
12. 4-fold rotational symmetry, 4 lines of reflection

T
2.
L
R A P Q A L R
106
ANSWERS

LESSON 7.2 Properties of Isometries

1. Rotation
y
6. (x, y) (x C( 8, 4)
13, y
6); translation; B (8, 8),
7. (x, y) ( x, y); reflection across the y-axis; P (7, 3), R( 4, 5)

(2, 3) (5, 1) x
8. (x, y) (y, x); reflection across the line y T (7, 0), R(0, 3)
x;
(2, 1) (2, 1) (5, 1) (2, 3)
LESSON 7.3 Compositions of Transformations

1. Translation by 2, 5
2. Rotation 45 counterclockwise 2. Translation

y (2, 6)
3. Translation by
16, 0
4. Rotation 180 about the intersection of the two lines 5. Translation by 16, 0
6. Rotation 180 about the intersection of the two lines

(5, 4) (2, 4)
7. Reflection across the line x

(2, 0) (1, 2) x
3 3
8. Reflection across the line x 9. m ROT

P R
(2, 2)
50; rotation 100 clockwise about O
3. Reflection
y O (0, 5) (4, 5)
P T
P x (2, 2) (0, 2) (4, 2) (6, 2)
10. Translation 2 cm along the line perpendicular to k and in the direction from k to .
P
4.
S Fence 1 cm S k
F P Fence 1
5.
11.
S F Fence 2

ANSWERS
107
LESSON 7.4 Tessellations with Regular Polygons

1. n 15 2. n 20
4. Sample answer:
3. Possible answer: A regular tessellation is a tessellation in which the tiles are congruent regular polygons whose edges exactly match.
4. Possible answer: A 1-uniform tiling is a tessellation in which all vertices are identical.
LESSON 8.1 Areas of Rectangles and Parallelograms

1. 112 cm2 2. 7.5 cm2 5. 61 m 6. No. Possible answer:
40 2.5 cm 34 cm
3. 110 cm2
4. 81 cm2
5. 3.42.6 3.6.3.6 6.
40 17 cm 5 cm
7. 88 units2
8. 72 units2
9. No. Carpet area is 20 yd2 180 ft2. Room area is (21.5 ft)(16.5 ft) 206.25 ft2. Dana will be 26 1 ft2 short. 4
LESSONS 7.57.8 Tessellations

1.
LESSON 8.2 Areas of Triangles, Trapezoids, and Kites

1. 16 ft 3. b 5. 40 12 in. cm2 6. 88 cm2 2. 20 cm2 4. AD 7. 54 4.8 cm 8. 135 cm 2
units2
2. Sample answer:
LESSON 8.3 Area Problems

1. a. 549.5 ft2 2. 500 L 3. Possible answer:
2 2 2 8 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 5 3 5 2
b. 40 bundles; $1596.00
3. Sample answer:
108
ANSWERS

4. It is too late to change the area. The length of the diagonals determines the area.
6. 10 cm2 7. r 10 cm
31.42 cm2 8. x 135 9. r 7 cm
LESSON 8.4 Areas of Regular Polygons

1. A 3. p 5. s 696 cm2 2. a 4. n 2.8 cm, A 28 7.8 cm 10 cm2
LESSON 8.7 Surface Area

1. 136 cm2 4. 796.4 cm2 7. 468 cm2 2. 240 cm2 5. 255.6 cm2 8. 1055.6 cm2 3. 558.1 cm2 6. 356 cm2
43.6 cm 4 cm, a
9. 1 sheet: front rectangle: 3 1 1 4 1 ; back rectangle: 2 2 3 2 1 7 1 ; bottom rectangle: 3 2 6; 2 2 side trapezoids: 2 2 Area of 1 sheet 6. Possible answer (s will vary): s A 45.9 cm2 3.1 cm, a 3.7 cm,
1 1 _ ft 2
21 2
11 2
8; total
26 ft2.
8
Front
32 ft2. Possible pattern:

1 1 _ ft 2
Side
1 2 _ ft 2
2 ft
Left over 3 ft
1 2 _ ft 2
Side
Back
1 1 _ ft 2
1 2 _ ft 2
Bottom
2 ft
2 ft
3 ft
3 ft
LESSON 9.1 The Theorem of Pythagoras

1. a 7. Approximately 31.5 area of square 36; area 3 of square within angle 13.5; area of 8 36 octagon 120; area of octagon within angle 3 45; shaded area 45 13.5 31.5 cm2 8 120 cm2: 3. x 5. Area 7. Area 21 cm 8 ft 19.0 ft2 49.7 cm2 2. p 4. h 23.9 cm 14.3 in. 1); r 15.4 cm 5
6. C(11, 8. RV
LESSON 8.5 Areas of Circles

1. 81 cm2 4. 324 7. 7.65 cm2 cm2 2. 10.24 cm2 5. 191.13 8. 4.90 cm2 3. 23 cm 6. 41.41 cm 9. 51.3 cm2
9. If the base area is 16 cm2, then the radius is 4 cm. The radius is a leg of the right triangle; the slant height is the hypotenuse. The leg cannot be longer than the hypotenuse. 10. Area 150 in2; hypotenuse QR the hypotenuse 12 in. 25 in.; altitude to
cm2
10. 33.5 or 33.6 cm2 11. (64 12. 25 cm2 128) square units
LESSON 9.2 The Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem

1. No 5. Area 2. Yes 21.22 cm2 3. Yes 4. Yes
LESSON 8.6 Any Way You Slice It

25 1. 12 cm2 32 2. 3 cm2 3. 12 cm2 4. (16 6.54 cm2
33.51 cm2 37.70 cm2 18.27 cm2
6. The top triangle is equilateral, so half its side length is 2.5. A triangle with sides 2.5, 6, and 6.5 is a right triangle because 2.52 62 6.52. So, the angle marked 95 should be 90. 7. x 44.45 cm. By the Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem, ADC is a right triangle, and ADC is a right angle. ADC and BDC are supplementary, so BDC is also a right triangle. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find x.
32) cm2
5. 13.5 cm2
42.41 cm2

ANSWERS
109
8. 129.6 cm2
22 6 32 6 4.8 10 8
2. About 6.4 km
4.1 km 0.4 km 1.2 km 0.9 km
9. No. Because AB 2 not a right angle.
BC 2
AC 2,
B of
ABC is
1.7 km
2.3 km
10. Cannot be determined. The length of CD is unknown. One possible quadrilateral is shown.
3.1 km
A D B C
11. Yes. Using SSS, ABC BAD CDA DCB. That means that the four angles of the quadrilateral are all congruent by CPCTC. Because the four angles must sum to 360 and they are all congruent, they must be right angles. So, ABCD is a rectangle.
LESSON 9.3 Two Special Right Triangles

1. a 2. a 3. a 14 2 cm 12 cm, b 12 cm, b 24 cm 6 3 cm
3. 149.5 linear feet of trim must be painted, or 224.3 feet2. Two coats means 448.6 ft2 of coverage. Just over 2 1 quarts of paint is needed. If Hans buys 2 3 quarts, he would have almost 1 quart left. It is 2 slightly cheaper to buy 1 gallon and have about 1 1 quarts left. The choice is one of money versus 2 conserving. Students may notice that the eaves extend beyond the exterior walls of the house and adjust their answer accordingly. 14 28 4. 14 in., in. 8.08 in., in. 16.17 in. 3 3
30 14
4. 64 3 cm2 5. Perimeter area 60 32 6 2 18 3 cm2 6 3 cm;
LESSON 9.5 Distance in Coordinate Geometry

30 3 cm; 1. 10 units 2. 20 units 3. 17 units 4. ABCD is a rhombus: All sides 34 , 3 slope AB , slope BC 3 , so B is not 5 5 a right angle, and ABCD is not a square. 5. TUVW is an isosceles trapezoid: TU and VW have slope 1, so they are parallel. UV and TW have length 20 and are not parallel 1 (slope UV 2). 2 , slope TW
6. AC 30 2 cm; AB 30 area 450 450 3 cm2 7. 45 3 cm2 3 1 8. C 2 , 2 9. C( 6 3 , 6) 10. Possible answer:

2 18 2 2 2
6. Isosceles; perimeter
3
32 units
4 3;
4 7. M(7, 10); N(10, 14); slope MN 3 ; slope BC MN 5; BC 10; the slopes are equal; MN 1 BC. 2
LESSON 9.4 Story Problems

1. The foot is about 8.7 ft away from the base of the building. To lower it by 2 ft, move the foot an additional 3.3 ft away from the base of the building.
8. (x
1)2
(y
5)2
4 9. Center (0,
2), r
10. The distances from the center to the three points on the circle are not all the same: AP 61 , BP 61 , CP 52
110
ANSWERS

LESSON 9.6 Circles and the Pythagorean Theorem

1. (25 2. (72 3 3. ( 5338 4. Area 5. AD 6. ST 24) cm2, or about 54.5 cm2 24 ) cm2, or about 49.3 cm2 37) cm 56.57 cm 115.04 cm 9 3 15.6 36.1 cm 177.7 cm2 10.7 cm 7. 150
LESSON 10.3 Volume of Pyramids and Cones

1. 80 cm3 2. 209.14 cm3 3. 615.75 cm3 8 2 2 4. V 840x3 5. V 3 a b 6. V 4 xy 7. A: 128 cubic units, B: 144 cubic units. B is larger. 8. A: 5 cubic units, B: 5 cubic units. They have equal volumes. 9. A: 9 x cubic units, B: 27 x cubic units. B is larger.
LESSON 10.1 The Geometry of Solids

1. oblique 4. bases 7. Circle C 10. BC or BC 2. the axis 5. a radius 8. A 3. the altitude 6. right 9. AC or AC
LESSON 10.4 Volume Problems

1. 4.4 cm 3. 24 cans; 3582 in3 2. 1728 in3 2.07 ft3; 34.6% 8 3 3 cm ;
4. 2000.6 lb (about 1 ton) 5. Note that AE AB and EC BC . V SA (8 4 2 ) cm2 13.7 cm2 6. About 110,447 gallons 7. 57 truckloads
11. Right pentagonal prism
12. ABCDE and FGHIJ 13. AF , BG , CH , DI , EJ 14. Any of AF , BG , CH , DI , EJ or their lengths 15. False. The axis is not perpendicular to the base in an oblique cylinder. 16. False. A rectangular prism has six faces. Four are called lateral faces and two are called bases. 17. True 18.
LESSON 10.5 Displacement and Density

All answers are approximate. 1. 53.0 cm3 3. 0.54 g/cm3 2. 7.83 g/cm3 4. 4.94 in.
5. No, its not gold (or at least not pure gold). The mass of the nugget is 165 g, and the volume is 17.67 cm3, so the density is 9.34 g/cm3. Pure gold has density 19.3 g/cm3.
19.
LESSON 10.6 Volume of a Sphere

1. 288 cm3, or about 904.8 cm3 2. 18 cm3, or about 56.5 cm3 3. 72 cm3, or about 226.2 cm3 28 4. 3 cm3, or about 29.3 cm3 5. 432 cm3, or about 1357.2 cm3 304 6. 3 cm3, or about 318.3 cm3 7. 11 cm 8. 2250 in 3 6 1 2 x 2y 7068.6 in 3 10. 17.86
LESSON 10.2 Volume of Prisms and Cylinders

1. 232.16 cm3 3. 415.69 cm3 4. V 5. V 7. 6 ft3 4xy(2x 1 2 4p h 3), or 8x 2y 12xy 2. 144 cm3
6. V
9. 823.2 in3; 47.6%
LESSON 10.7 Surface Area of a Sphere

1. V 2. V 1563.5 cm3; S 184.3 cm3; S 651.4 cm2 163.4 cm2

ANSWERS
111
3. V 4. V
890.1 cm3; S 34.1 cm3; S
486.9 cm2 61.1 cm2
6. CA 7.
64 cm
5. About 3.9 cm 6. About 357.3 cm2 7. 9 quarts 8.
ABC EDC. Possible explanation: A E and B D by AIA, so by the AA Similarity Conjecture, the triangles are similar. PQR STR. Possible explanation: P S and Q T because each pair is inscribed in the same arc, so by the AA Similarity Conjecture, the triangles are similar. MLK NOK. Possible explanation: MLK NOK by CA and K K because they are the same angle, so by the AA Similarity Conjecture, the two triangles are similar.
LESSON 11.1 Similar Polygons

1. AP 8 cm; EI 7 cm; SN 15 cm; YR 120; 12 cm 9.
2. SL 5.2 cm; MI 10 cm; m D m U 85; m A 80
3. Yes. All corresponding angles are congruent. Both figures are parallelograms, so opposite sides within each parallelogram are equal. The corresponding 9 sides are proportional 155 3 . 4. Yes. Corresponding angles are congruent by the CA Conjecture. Corresponding sides are proportional 2 3 4 4 = 6 = 8 . 6 8 5. No. 18 22 . 6. Yes. All angles are right angles, so corresponding angles are congruent. The corresponding side lengths have the ratio 4 , so corresponding side 7 lengths are proportional. 1 7. 2
y 4 B (2, 3) C (1.5, 1.5) D (2, 0.5) x 4
LESSON 11.3 Indirect Measurement with Similar Triangles

1. 27 ft 4. About 18.5 ft 5. 0.6 m, 1.2 m, 1.8 m, 2.4 m, and 3.0 m 2. 6510 ft 3. 110.2 mi
LESSON 11.4 Corresponding Parts of Similar Triangles

1. h 0.9 cm; j 4.0 cm
2. 3.75 cm, 4.50 cm, 5.60 cm 5 3. WX 13 7 13.7 cm; AD 21 cm; DB 6 YZ 8 cm; XZ 6 7 6.9 cm 50 80 4. x 13 3.85 cm; y 13 6.15 cm 5. a 8 cm; b 3.2 cm; c 2.8 cm 6. CB 24 cm; CD 5.25 cm; AD
12 cm;
8.75 cm
A (0, 1)
LESSON 11.5 Proportions with Area

1. 5.4 cm2 2. 4 cm 25 5. 4 6. 16:25 9. 1296 tiles 9 3. 25 7. 2:3 36 4. 1 8 8. 888 9 cm2
8. 4 to 1
y 5
D (2, 4) E (8, 2) F (4, 2) 5 x
LESSON 11.6 Proportions with Volume

1. Yes 5. 8:125 2. No 6. 6 ft2 3. 16 cm3 4. 20 cm
LESSON 11.2 Similar Triangles

1. MC 2. 3. Q A 10.5 cm X; QR E; CD 15 cm; QP 4.8 cm; QS 13.5 cm; AB 51 cm 11.2 cm 10 cm
LESSON 11.7 Proportional Segments Between Parallel Lines

1. x 3. No 5. PR 6. a 6 cm; PQ 9 cm; b 12 cm 2. Yes 4. NE 4 cm; RI 31.25 cm
4. TS
12 cm
5. AA Similarity Conjecture
18 cm
112
ANSWERS

7. RS 8. x 9. p
22.5 cm, EB
20 cm
7. About 24 9. About 34.7 in. 2.6 cm
8. About 43.0 cm
20 cm; y 7.2 cm 16 8 5.3 cm; q 3 3
LESSON 12.5 Problem Solving with Trigonometry

1. About 2.85 mi/h; about 15 q r q r 0.600 0.600 2. m A 50.64, m B 59.70, m C 69.66
LESSON 12.1 Trigonometric Ratios

1. sin P 3. tan P 5. sin T 7. tan T 9. x 11. x p r p q 0.800 1.333 2. cos P 4. sin Q 6. cos T 8. sin R 10. x
3. About 8.0 km from Tower 1, 5.1 km from Tower 2 4. About 853 miles 5. About 530 ft of fencing; about 11,656 ft2
12.27 18.28
29.75 71
LESSON 13.1 The Premises of Geometry

1. a. b. c. d. e. Given Distributive property Subtraction property Addition property Division property
M
12. m A
13. m B 15. sin 40 16. sin 28 17. cos 17 18. a 28
53 14. m C 30 w ; 28 w 18.0 cm x ; 14 x 7.4 cm 73 ; y 76.3 cm y 19. t 47 20. z 76
2. False
LESSON 12.2 Problem Solving with Right Triangles

A B
1. Area 3. Area 5. y
2 cm2 109 in2 31.3 20.5 cm
2. Area 4. x 6. a 8.
325 ft2 54.0 7.6 in. 45.2
3. False
D A B P
7. Diameter 9. 28.3
10. About 2.0 m 12. About 22.6 ft
11. About 445.2 ft
4. True; transitive property of congruence and definition of congruence 5.

AB CD ABP CDQ Given CA Postulate PB Given AP CQ Given APB CQD QD ABP CDQ
LESSON 12.3 The Law of Sines

1. Area 4. m 7. m B 8. m P 9. m K 46 cm2 14 cm 2. Area 5. p 24 m2 3. Area 17 cm 33 95 21 6. q 45 ft2 13 cm
66, m C 37, m Q 81, m M
ASA Postulate AB CD
CA Postulate
CPCTC
10. Second line: about 153 ft, between tethers: about 135 ft
LESSON 13.2 Planning a Geometry Proof LESSON 12.4 The Law of Cosines
1. t 3. w 13 cm 34 cm 76, m B 77, m P 46, m U 45, m C 66, m S 85, m V 59 37 49 2. b 67 cm Proofs may vary. 1. Flowchart Proof
AB CD Given AP CQ Given ABP CDQ PAB QCD
4. m A 5. m A 6. m S
CA Postulate APQ CQD
Third Angle Theorem
CA Postulate ANSWERS

113
2. Flowchart Proof
PQ ST Given PQR TSU QPR Given STU
AIA Theorem QRP Third Angle Theorem PR UT Converse of AEA Theorem TUS
2. Proof: Statement 1. CD BD 2. BD AB 3. CD AC 4. AD is bisector of CAB 5. CAD BAD 6. ACD is a right angle 7. ABD is a right angle 8. ACD ABD
3. Flowchart Proof
ABC Given a b c 180 a x
VA Theorem x b c 180 b y
9.
ABD
ACD
Reason 1. Given 2. Given 3. Given 4. Converse of Angle Bisector Theorem 5. Definition of angle bisector 6. Definition of perpendicular 7. Definition of perpendicular 8. Right Angles Are Congruent Theorem 9. SAA Theorem
Triangle Sum Theorem
Substitution x y c 180
VA Theorem
3. Flowchart Proof
MN Given MN NO QM NO Given QM
Substitution x y z 180 c z
Substitution
VA Theorem
Transitivity MNO is isosceles Definition of isosceles triangle NMO NOP
LESSON 13.3 Triangle Proofs

Proofs may vary. 1. Flowchart Proof
XY Given ZY XZY is isosceles Definition of isosceles triangle YM is the altitude from vertex Y Definition of altitude and vertex angle WY YM is angle bisector of XYZ Isosceles Triangle Vertex Angle Theorem WZY XYM ZYM QMN and NMO are supplementary Linear Pair Postulate
IT Theorem RON and NOP are supplementary Linear Pair Postulate QMN RON
XZ Given
WY
WY
Supplements of Congruent Angles Theorem
Reflexive property
4. Proof: Statement 1. AB BC 2. 3. 4. ABC is isosceles A ACB ACB DCE
Reason 1. Given 2. Definition of isosceles triangle 3. IT Theorem 4. Given
WXY
SAS Theorem
Definition of angle bisector
114
ANSWERS

5. A DCE 6. AB CE 7. ABD CED 8. AB BD 9. ABD is a right angle 10. CED is a right angle 11. BD CE
5. Transitivity 6. Converse of CA Postulate 7. CA Postulate 8. Given 9. Definition of perpendicular 10. Definition of right angle, transitivity 11. Definition of perpendicular
3. AM 4. AM
CM CM BMC CMB BCA
5. DMA 6. AMD 7. DAC 8. AD BC 9. DMC 10. DMC 11. CDB 12. DC AB
BMA BMA ABD
LESSON 13.4 Quadrilateral Proofs

Proofs may vary. 1. Given: ABCD is a parallelogram Show: AC and BD bisect each other at M Flowchart Proof
D M A B C
13. ABCD is a parallelogram
3. Given 4. Definition of congruence 5. VA Theorem 6. SAS Postulate 7. CPCTC 8. Converse of AIA Theorem 9. VA Theorem 10. SAS Postulate 11. CPCTC 12. Converse of AIA Theorem 13. Definition of parallelogram
D M C
ABCD is a parallelogram Given AB CD Definition of parallelogram BDC DBA CAB ACD CD AB
3. Given: ABCD is a rhombus Show: AC and BD bisect each other at M and AC BD Flowchart Proof
ABCD is a rhombus Given ABCD is a parallelogram Definition of rhombus AC and BD bisect each other Parallelogram Diagonals Theorem AMD and AMB are supplementary Linear Pair Postulate AMB is a right angle Congruent and Supplementary Theorem AC BD AMD CPCTC DAM
BAM
AD
AB
Rhombus Angles Theorem
Definition of rhombus
AIA Theorem
AIA Theorem
Opposite Sides Theorem
ADM
ABM
SAS Postulate AM AMB AM
ABM
CDM
ASA Postulate DM BM AM CM
Ref lexive property
CPCTC AC and BD bisect each other at M
CPCTC
Definition of bisect, definition of congruence
2. Given: DM BM, AM CM Show: ABCD is a parallelogram Proof: Statement 1. DM BM BM 2. DM
D M A B
Definition of perpendicular
Reason 1. Given 2. Definition of congruence

ANSWERS
115
4. Given: AC and BD bisect each other at M and AC BD Show: ABCD is a rhombus A Flowchart Proof (See flowchart at bottom of page.)
D M
C 5. Given: ABCD is a D trapezoid with AB CD and A B Show: ABCD is isosceles B A E Proof: Statement Reason 1. ABCD is a trapezoid 1. Given with AB CD 2. Construct CE AD 2. Parallel Postulate 3. AECD is a 3. Definition of parallelogram parallelogram 4. AD CE 4. Opposite Sides Congruent Theorem 5. A BEC 5. CA Postulate 6. A B 6. Given 7. BEC B 7. Transitivity 8. ECB is isosceles 8. Converse of IT Theorem 9. EC CB 9. Definition of isosceles triangle 10. AD CB 10. Transitivity 11. ABCD is isosceles 11. Definition of isosceles trapezoid
E 6. Given: ABCD is a C F D trapezoid with AB CD and AC BD A B Show: ABCD is isosceles Proof: Statement Reason 1. ABCD is a trapezoid 1. Given with AB CD 2. Construct BE AC 2. Parallel Postulate 3. DC and BE intersect 3. Line Intersection at F Postulate 4. ABFC is a 4. Definition of parallelogram parallelogram 5. AC BF 5. Opposite Sides Congruent Theorem 6. AC BD 6. Given 7. BF BD 7. Transitivity 8. DFB is isosceles 8. Definition of isosceles triangle 9. DFB FDB 9. IT Theorem 10. CAB DFB 10. Opposite Angles Theorem 11. FDB DBA 11. AIA Theorem 12. CAB DBA 12. Transitivity 13. AB AB 13. Reflexive property 14. ACB BDA 14. SAS Postulate 15. AD BC 15. CPCTC 16. ABCD is isosceles 16. Definition of isosceles trapezoid
ABCD is a parallelogram Converse of the Parallelogram Diagonals Theorem
AB
DC
Opposite Sides Theorem AD BC
All 4 sides are congruent Transitivity
ABCD is a rhombus Definition of rhombus
Opposite Sides Theorem AC and BD bisect each other at M Given DM BM ADM ABM AD AB Definition of bisect, definition of congruence SAS Postulate AM AM CPCTC
Reflexive property AC Given BD DMA and BMA are right angles Definition of perpendicular DMA BMA
Right Angles Congruent Theorem
116
ANSWERS

7. False
8. False
Therefore the assumption, BC BC AC.
AC, is false, so
9. True Given: ABCD with AB CD and A Show: ABCD is a parallelogram Flowchart Proof
C
A B
2. Paragraph Proof: Assume DAC BAC It is given that AD AB . By the reflexive property AC AC . So by SAS, ADC ABC. Then DC BC by CPCTC. But this contradicts the given that DC BC . So DAC BAC. 3. Given: Show: ABC with AB C A BC
C
AB CD Given A and D are supplementary Interior Supplements Theorem C and B are supplementary Interior Supplements Theorem D B A Given C
Paragraph Proof: Assume A B C A If C A, then by the Converse of the IT Theorem, ABC is isosceles and AB BC . But this contradicts the given that AB BC . Therefore, C A. 4. Given: Coplanar lines k, , and m, k , and m intersecting k m Show: m intersects Paragraph Proof: Assume m does not intersect If m does not intersect , then by the definition of parallel, m . But because k , by the Parallel Transitivity Theorem, k m. This contradicts the given that m intersects k. Therefore, m intersects .
Supplements of Congruent Angles Theorem ABCD is a parallelogram Converse of Opposite Angles Theorem
LESSON 13.6 Circle Proofs

1. Given: Circle O with AB CD Show: AB CD
B C A
LESSON 13.5 Indirect Proof

Proofs may vary. 1. Assume BC AC Case 1: If BC AC, then ABC is isosceles, by the definition of isosceles. By the IT Theorem, A B, which contradicts the given that m A m B. So, BC AC. Case 2: DBC is isosceles.
C
O D
Flowchart Proof
Construct OA, OB, OC, OD Line Postulate OA OD AB Given CD
OB
OC
D 4 A
1 2 3
Definition of circle, definition of radii

B
Definition of circle, definition of radii ODC
OAB
By the Exterior Angle Theorem, m 1 m 4, so m 1 m 4.
m 2
SSS Postulate AOB CPCTC AB CD DOC
By the Angle Sum Postulate, m 2 m 3 m ABC, so m 3 m ABC. But DBC is isosceles, so m 4 m 3 by the IT Theorem. So, by transitivity, m 1 m 4 m 3 m ABC, or m 1 m ABC, which contradicts the given that m A m B. So, BC AC.
Definition of congruence, definition of arc measure, transitivity

ANSWERS
117
2. Paragraph Proof: Chords BC , CD , and DE are congruent because the pentagon is regular. By the proof in Exercise 1, the arcs BC , CD , and DE are congruent and therefore have the same measure. 1 m EAD 2 mDE by the Inscribed Angles Inter1 cepting Arcs Theorem. Similarly, m DAC 2 mDC 1 and m BAC mBC . By transitivity and algebra, 2 the three angles have the same measure. So, by the definition of trisect, the diagonals trisect BAE. 3. Paragraph Proof: Construct the common internal tangent RU (Line Postulate, definition of tangent). Label the intersection of the tangent and TS as U.
T U S
LESSON 13.7 Similarity Proofs

1. Flowchart Proof
A Given ABC CBD BCD B B
Ref lexive property
AA Similarity Postulate AB BC BC BD
Definition of similar triangle BC 2

R
AB BD
Multiplication property
RU SU by the Tangent Segments TU Theorem. TUR is isosceles by definition because TU RU . So, by the IT Theorem, T TRU. Call this angle measure x. SUR is isosceles because RU SU , and by the IT Theorem, S URS. Call this angle measure y. The angle measures of TRS are then x, y, and (x y). By the Triangle Sum Theorem, x y (x y) 180. By algebra (combining like terms and dividing by 2), x y 90. But m TRS x y, so by transitivity and the definition of right angle, TRS is a right angle. 4. Paragraph Proof: Construct tangent TP (Line Postulate, definition of tangent). PTD and TAC both have the same intercepted arc, TC . Similarly, PTD and TBD have the same intercepted arc, TD . So, by transitivity, the Inscribed Angles Intercepting Arcs Theorem, and algebra, TAC and TBD are congruent. Therefore, by the Converse of the CA Postulate, AC BD .
P
2. Given: Trapezoid ABCD with AB CD , and AC and BD intersecting at E DE CE DC Show: BE AE AB Flowchart Proof
AB CD Given BDC DBA
D E A
DCA
CAB
AIA Theorem CDE
AIA Theorem ABE
AA Similarity Postulate DE BE CE AE DC AB
Definition of similarity
T D C
A B
118
ANSWERS

3. Given: ABC with ACB right, CD Show: AC BC AB CD

A D
AB
Proof: Statement 1. Construct DB 2. A and C are right angles 3. A C 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Reason 1. Line Postulate 2. Given
Flowchart Proof
CD Given ADC is right Definition of perpendicular ADC ACB ACB is right Given AB
9. 10.
Right Angles Are Congruent Theorem ACB ADC
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. DC 17.
AA Similarity Postulate AC CD AB BC
Reflexive property
Definition of similarity AC BC AB CD
Multiplication property
4. Given: ABCD with right angles A and C, AB Show: ABCD is a rectangle

D C
18.
A B
19.
3. Right Angles Are Congruent Theorem AB DC 4. Given DB DB 5. Reflexive property DBA BDC 6. HL Congruence Theorem DBA BDC 7. CPCTC m DBA m BDC 8. Definition of congruence m ADB m DBA 9. Triangle Sum m A 180 Theorem m A 90 10. Definition of right angle m ADB m DBA 11. Subtraction property 90 m ADB m BDC 12. Substitution 90 m ADB m BDC 13. Angle Addition m ADC Postulate m ADC 90 14. Transitivity m C 90 15. Definition of right angle m A m ABC 16. Quadrilateral Sum m C m ADC Theorem 360 m ABC 90 17. Substitution property and subtraction property A ABC C 18. Definition of ADC congruence ABCD is a rectangle 19. Four Congruent Angles Rectangle Theorem

ANSWERS
119
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Lesson 1.1 Building Blocks of Geometry

For Exercises 17, complete each statement. PS

3. Another name for NS is ________________. 4. S is the ________________ of SQ . 5. P is the midpoint of ________________. 6. NS

congruence symbol to write your answer.

9. M( 4, 8) is the midpoint of DE . D has coordinates (6, 1). Find the

AC 1.5 cm. D, not on AB , is the midpoint of AE , with AD 2BC.

12. Sketch six points A, B, C, D, E, and F, no

13. In the figure below, {B, C, H, E} is a set of

Discovering Geometry Practice Your Skills

Lesson 1.2 Poolroom Math

BAE. BAE. DAE. ________________.

42, then m CAE

Discovering Geometry Practice Your Skills

Lesson 1.3 Whats a Widget?

13, m Q 77, and can you conclude about P and

Q and R are complementary, what R? Explain your reasoning.

Discovering Geometry Practice Your Skills

Lesson 1.4 Polygons

For Exercises 18, complete the table.

For Exercises 1114, sketch and use hexagon ABCDEF.

For Exercises 1518, use the figures at right. MNOPQ

RSTUV _____ _____ _____ _____

19. The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 31 cm. Find the length of

Discovering Geometry Practice Your Skills

Lesson 1.5 Triangles

For Exercises 15, use the figure at right. Name a pair of

For Exercises 6 and 7, sketch, label, and mark each figure.

7. Scalene right triangle SCA with midpoints L, M, and N on SC , CA ,

angle A measuring 40.

For Exercises 1012, use the graph at right.

ABF is a right triangle.

ABD is an isosceles triangle. ABG is scalene and not a right triangle.

Discovering Geometry Practice Your Skills

Lesson 1.6 Special Quadrilaterals

For Exercises 16, sketch, label, and mark each figure.

3. Rhombus RHOM with acute

4. Trapezoid TRAP with TR

and P, E, and A collinear.

5. Kite KITE with EK

6. Rectangle RANG with perimeter 2a

For Exercises 1113, use the graph at right.

C (8, 3) A (0, 0) B (8, 0) x

determine a parallelogram that is not a rectangle.

Discovering Geometry Practice Your Skills

Lesson 1.7 Circles

For Exercises 14, use the figure at right.

5. Sketch a circle with an inscribed pentagon.

6. Sketch a circle with a circumscribed

7. A circle with center (3, 2) goes through

8. Use a compass, protractor, and straightedge

( 2, 2). Give the coordinates of three other points on the circle.

9. Use a compass to construct a circle. Label

10. Use your compass and protractor to make

Discovering Geometry Practice Your Skills

3. Another name for NS is . 4. S is the of SQ . 5. P is the midpoint of . 6. NS

RSTUV ___ _ _ ___

4 5 , ___, _ 2, 1, 1, 0, _, ___