Basic Steel Selection Based on BS 970 Typical selection of steels and useful notes

STEEL Carbon Steel BS 970 230M07 (EN1A) BS 970 070M20 (EN3A) BS 970 080M30 (EN5/EN6) BS 970 080M40 (EN8) BS 970 070M55 (EN9) BS 970 080M15 (EN32)

Notes A low carbon, free cutting, mild steel suitable for machining using automatic and CNC machines. Available as rolled or normalised in round, flat or hexagon form A mild steel used for general purposes. Suitable for lightly stressed fasteners ,shafts etc. Can be easily machined and welded. Available hot rolled, normalised, cold drawn or turned. Supplied in Black round or square , bright round square, flat and hexagon. A medium strength steel. Used to make, shafts, racks, pinions, studs, bolts, nuts, rollers, etc. Supplied as square bar, or round bar or flat. A medium strength steel. Suitable for stressed pins, shafts studs, keys etc. Available as rolled or normalised. Supplied as square bar, or round bar or flat. A hard wearing medium carbon steel which can be hardened. Available as hot rolled, normalised, Cold drawn or turned. Sections available black round, black square, bright round and black flat. A case hardening mild steel suitable for general engineering applications. When case hardened results in a hard surface with a tough core. Used for making gears cams and rollers etc. Supplied as black round bar and sections

Alloy Steel
BS 970 605M36 (EN16) BS 970 709M40 (EN19) A manganese molydenum steel with good ductily and mechanical strength. Available in heat treated condition e.g (R,S,T).Supplied as black round or square bar and bright round or square, and hexagons. A 1% typical chromium molybdenum steel with higher molybdenum. Can be induction hardened. Used for gears, and high strength shafts etc. Suitable for higher strength applications when resistance to shock is required. Available annealed. Supplied as black round or square bar and bright round or square, and hexagons. A nickel chromium molybdenum steel with high strength and toughness. Used for gears axles and high strength studs. Supplied as rolled, annealed and hardened and tempered. Supplied as black round or square bar and bright round or square, and hexagons A high quality nickel chromium case hardening steel. Can be hardened to provide hard surface with a strong tough core. Used for high duty gears and shafts. Supplied in asrolled condition in black square and round bar and bright round. A 3% chromium molybdenum nitriding steel. Provide good tough core strength with a hard nitrided surface for wear resistance. Supplied in as-rolled, annealed and hardened and tempered condition in black square and round bar. Martensitic (Magnetic), can be hardened and tempered to give improved tensile strength. FM** grade. Typical applications include cutlery, surgical instruments, fasteners, valves, spindles and shafts. Martensitic (Magnetic). Supplied heat treated with a high tensile strength. Typical applications include cutlery, surgical instruments, fasteners, valves, spindles and shafts. Ferritic. Low Strength but good ductility. Used food processing and catering equipment and automotive trim,car exhaust systems etc. Austenitic (Non-Magnetic)Cannot be heat treated but work hardens. Readily formed and welded,used mainly in domestic, dairy and decorative appliances general purpose grade for corrosion resistant applications. This grade is the most widely used of all stainless steels. Its chemical composition,provide the best all-round performance S.S. at relatively low cost. It has excellent low temperature properties. Lower Carbon grades (S15 and less) have improved weldability. Austenitic (Non-Magnetic)Cannot be heat treated but work hardens. It offers high resistance to corrosion. Generally machined components and pipe fittings. This grade is almost as popular as the 304 grade the increased Mo content makes the steel more suitable for resisting pitting and crevice then 304 Grade. Lower Carbon grades (S15 and less) have improved weldability. Austenitic (Non-Magnetic)Cannot be heat treated but work hardens. Titanium stabilized,

BS 970 817M40 (EN24)

BS 970 655M13 (EN36) BS 970 722M24 (EN40B) Stainless Steel BS970 416S21 (EN56) BS 970 431S29 (EN57) BS 970 430S15 typ (EN60)

BS 970 Grade 304S15 (EN58-)

BS 970 Grade 316S16 (EN58J) BS 970 Grade 321S12

(EN58B-C) BS 970 Grade 310S31

which offers improved welding properties. Austenitic (Non-Magnetic). Pocesses good resistance to scaling at high temperatures. For continuous high temperature service in the range 850 - 1000oC.

Sample Steels Specifications Typical steels with general specifications notes Important Note: The values below are not comprehensive and must be used with extreme care. The strength values e.g. the proof stress and yield stress, reduce as the section increases. In the tables below the relevant sections are often thin and so the strength values are maximum values. Please refer to the relevant standards for important work.. Type Of Steel Low Carbon Steel Low Carbon Steel BS Spec BS 970 230M07 230M07 Composition % C-Mn-Ni-Cr-Mo 0,15C% 1,1%Mn 0,15C% 1,1%Mn Condition Hot rolled HR -> CD (thin) Yield Stress Tensile Elongation 6 Stress MPa % x 10 Pa 215 340 360 480 21 6

Low Carbon Steel Low Carbon Steel Constructural Steel Constructural Steel Low Manganese Nickel Manganese

070M20 070M20 080M40 080M40 150M28 503M40

0,2C% 0,7%Mn 0,2C% 0,7%Mn 0,4%C 0,8%Mn 0,4%C 0,8%Mn 0,28%C 1,5%Mn 0,4%C -0,9%Mn 1,0%Cr 0,38%C 1,5%Mn 0,5%Mo 0,31%C 0,60%Mn 3,0%Ni 1,0%Cr

Normalised 215 HR->CD (thin) HR -> CD (thin) Heat Treat(P) Heat Treat(R) Heat Treat Heat Treat(U) 440

430 560 550 660 587 700 min 1130 927

21 10 16 7 20 17 19 23

Normalised 280 530 355 525 1000 755

Manganese Molybdenum 608M38 Nickel Chromium 633M31

Nickel-Chrom-Mo
Nickel-Chrom-Mo Mang-Ni-Chr-Mo Steel Ferritic Stainless Martensitic

817M40
835M30 945M38 403S17 420S45

0,4%C 0,55%Mn 1,2%Cr Heat 940 0,3%Mo Treat (W)

0,3%C 0,55%Mn 4,25%Ni 1,25%Cr 0,3%Mo 0,38%C 1,4%Mn 0,75%Ni 0,5%Cr 0,20%Mo 0,08%C 1,0%Mn 13%Cr 0,5%Ni 0,3%C 0,5%Mn 13,0%Cr 0,12%C 0,8%Mn 8,5%Ni 18,0%Cr 0,12%C 0,8%MN 8,5%Ni 18,0%Cr 0,05%C 0,8%Mn 8,5%Ni 18,0%Cr 1,6Ti 0,05C 0,8%Mn 8,5%Ni 18,0%Cr 1,6Ti Hard'n +Temp Heat Treat (V) Softened Heat Treat (R) Softened Cold work Softened Cold Worked 1470 850 280 525 278 803 278 402

1075
1700 1040 420 700 618 896 649 803

11
14 2 20 15 50 30 45 30

18/8 Stainless Austenitic 302S25 18/8 Stainless Austenitic 302S25 18/8 St. (No Weld Decay) 321S20 18/8 St. (No Weld Decay) 321S20