LM386 Low Voltage Audio Power Amplifier

December 1994

LM386 Low Voltage Audio Power Amplifier

General Description
The LM386 is a power amplifier designed for use in low voltage consumer applications The gain is internally set to 20 to keep external part count low but the addition of an external resistor and capacitor between pins 1 and 8 will increase the gain to any value up to 200 The inputs are ground referenced while the output is automatically biased to one half the supply voltage The quiescent power drain is only 24 milliwatts when operating from a 6 volt supply making the LM386 ideal for battery operation
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Voltage gains from 20 to 200 Ground referenced input Self-centering output quiescent voltage Low distortion Eight pin dual-in-line package

Applications
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Features
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Battery operation Minimum external parts Wide supply voltage range Low quiescent current drain

4V12V or 5V 18V 4 mA

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AM-FM radio amplifiers Portable tape player amplifiers Intercoms TV sound systems Line drivers Ultrasonic drivers Small servo drivers Power converters

Equivalent Schematic and Connection Diagrams

Dual-In-Line and Small Outline Packages

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Top View Order Number LM386M-1 LM386N-1 LM386N-3 or LM386N-4 See NS Package Number M08A or N08E

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Typical Applications
Amplifier with Gain e 20 Minimum Parts Amplifier with Gain e 200

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C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation

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RRD-B30M75 Printed in U S A

Absolute Maximum Ratings

If Military Aerospace specified devices are required please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office Distributors for availability and specifications Supply Voltage (LM386N-1 -3 LM386M-1) Supply Voltage (LM386N-4) Package Dissipation (Note 1) (LM386N) (LM386M) Input Voltage Storage Temperature Operating Temperature Junction Temperature 15V 22V 1 25W 0 73W
g 0 4V

Soldering Information Dual-In-Line Package Soldering (10 sec) Small Outline Package Vapor Phase (60 sec) Infrared (15 sec)

a 260 C a 215 C a 220 C

b 65 C to a 150 C 0 C to a 70 C a 150 C

See AN-450 Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability for other methods of soldering surface mount devices Thermal Resistance iJC (DIP) 37 C W iJA (DIP) 107 C W iJC (SO Package) 35 C W iJA (SO Package) 172 C W

Electrical Characteristics
Parameter Operating Supply Voltage (VS) LM386N-1 -3 LM386M-1 LM386N-4 Quiescent Current (IQ) Output Power (POUT) LM386N-1 LM386M-1 LM386N-3 LM386N-4 Voltage Gain (AV) Bandwidth (BW) Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) Input Resistance (RIN) Input Bias Current (IBIAS)

TA e 25 C Conditions Min 4 5 VS e 6V VIN e 0 VS e 6V RL e 8X THD e 10% VS e 9V RL e 8X THD e 10% VS e 16V RL e 32X THD e 10% VS e 6V f e 1 kHz 10 mF from Pin 1 to 8 VS e 6V Pins 1 and 8 Open VS e 6V RL e 8X POUT e 125 mW f e 1 kHz Pins 1 and 8 Open VS e 6V f e 1 kHz CBYPASS e 10 mF Pins 1 and 8 Open Referred to Output VS e 6V Pins 2 and 3 Open 250 500 700 4 325 700 1000 26 46 300 02 50 50 250 Typ Max 12 18 8 Units V V mA mW mW mW dB dB kHz % dB kX nA

Note 1 For operation in ambient temperatures above 25 C the device must be derated based on a 150 C maximum junction temperature and 1) a thermal resistance of 80 C W junction to ambient for the dual-in-line package and 2) a thermal resistance of 170 C W for the small outline package

Application Hints
GAIN CONTROL To make the LM386 a more versatile amplifier two pins (1 and 8) are provided for gain control With pins 1 and 8 open the 1 35 kX resistor sets the gain at 20 (26 dB) If a capacitor is put from pin 1 to 8 bypassing the 1 35 kX resistor the gain will go up to 200 (46 dB) If a resistor is placed in series with the capacitor the gain can be set to any value from 20 to 200 Gain control can also be done by capacitively coupling a resistor (or FET) from pin 1 to ground Additional external components can be placed in parallel with the internal feedback resistors to tailor the gain and frequency response for individual applications For example we can compensate poor speaker bass response by frequency shaping the feedback path This is done with a series RC from pin 1 to 5 (paralleling the internal 15 kX resistor) For 6 dB effective bass boost R j 15 kX the lowest value for good stable operation is R e 10 kX if pin 8 is open If pins 1 and 8 are bypassed then R as low as 2 kX can be used This restriction is because the amplifier is only compensated for closed-loop gains greater than 9 INPUT BIASING The schematic shows that both inputs are biased to ground with a 50 kX resistor The base current of the input transistors is about 250 nA so the inputs are at about 12 5 mV when left open If the dc source resistance driving the LM386 is higher than 250 kX it will contribute very little additional offset (about 2 5 mV at the input 50 mV at the output) If the dc source resistance is less than 10 kX then shorting the unused input to ground will keep the offset low (about 2 5 mV at the input 50 mV at the output) For dc source resistances between these values we can eliminate excess offset by putting a resistor from the unused input to ground equal in value to the dc source resistance Of course all offset problems are eliminated if the input is capacitively coupled When using the LM386 with higher gains (bypassing the 1 35 kX resistor between pins 1 and 8) it is necessary to bypass the unused input preventing degradation of gain and possible instabilities This is done with a 0 1 mF capacitor or a short to ground depending on the dc source resistance on the driven input 2

Typical Performance Characteristics

Quiescent Supply Current vs Supply Voltage Power Supply Rejection Ratio (Referred to the Output) vs Frequency Peak-to-Peak Output Voltage Swing vs Supply Voltage

Voltage Gain vs Frequency

Distortion vs Frequency

Distortion vs Output Power

Device Dissipation vs Output Power 4X Load

Device Dissipation vs Output Power 8X Load

Device Dissipation vs Output Power 16X Load

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Typical Applications (Continued)

Amplifier with Gain e 50 Low Distortion Power Wienbridge Oscillator

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Amplifier with Bass Boost

Square Wave Oscillator

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Frequency Response with Bass Boost

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Typical Applications (Continued)

AM Radio Power Amplifier

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Note 1 Twist supply lead and supply ground very tightly Note 2 Twist speaker lead and ground very tightly Note 3 Ferrite bead is Ferroxcube K5-001-001 3B with 3 turns of wire

Note 4 R1C1 band limits input signals Note 5 All components must be spaced very close to IC

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)

SO Package (M) Order Number LM386M-1 NS Package Number M08A

LM386 Low Voltage Audio Power Amplifier

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) (Continued)

Dual-In-Line Package (N) Order Number LM386N-1 LM386N-3 or LM386N-4 NS Package Number N08E

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