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Colonisation and Succession in A Mangrove Swamp

Colonisation in mangrove swamps is the initial occupation of an uninhabited area by pioneer species like the white mangrove or red mangrove, which have specialized root structures and salt glands that allow them to thrive in the saline coastal mud. Succession then occurs as the environment changes through the accumulation of sediment and nutrients, allowing new species to replace the pioneers. Primary succession starts from bare land while secondary succession follows a disruption to an existing community by events like flooding.

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7K views23 pages

Colonisation and Succession in A Mangrove Swamp

Colonisation in mangrove swamps is the initial occupation of an uninhabited area by pioneer species like the white mangrove or red mangrove, which have specialized root structures and salt glands that allow them to thrive in the saline coastal mud. Succession then occurs as the environment changes through the accumulation of sediment and nutrients, allowing new species to replace the pioneers. Primary succession starts from bare land while secondary succession follows a disruption to an existing community by events like flooding.

Uploaded by

miadi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT or read online on Scribd
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Colonisation and

Succession in a mangrove
Swamp
Colonisation
• Occurs when the pioneer species occupy
an area or newly formed land previously
unoccupied by living organisms.
• They have specialised characteristics to
adapt to the area.
Succesion
• Continual series of changes in the
structure and species composition of a
community from initial colonisation of an
area by pioneer species until a stable
complex community is reached.
• Can be devided into 2
– Primary succession
– Secondary succession
Primary succession
• Occurs when pioneer species occupy an
area previously unoccupied by living
organisms such as a new land by
deposition of mud.
Secondary succession
• Occurs when an existing biotic community
is disrupted and a new community
develops at the area.
• The disruption may cause by flooding,
human activities.
• Occurs more rapidly than primary
succesion. May take place if the soil is
already present and there are surviving
species.
What is mangrove?
• Tropical tree or shrub growing in shore-
mud with many tangled roots above
ground (Pocket Oxford Dictionary)
• Mangrove plants are found along the
muddy coastal areas and estuaries in
tropical and subtropical regions.
• why there?
– The regions are sheltered from direct strong
winds, strong waves and water current.
• Silt and clay particles carried by river water will
be deposited as mud at the river mouth.
• When mud bank sufficiently thick and the newly
formed land is exposed to the air at low tide, the
COLONISATION by pioneer species begins.
• The first pioneer plant to grow on soft exposed
saline mud bank along the coastal facing the
sea are halophythes ( Avicennia spp)
• In the river estuaries, the dominant pioneer
species is Sonneratia spp
One characteristics helping the
development of colonisation
• The Avicennia spp have roots that grows
vertically upwards (pneumatophores).
• The roots contain aerenchyma tissue =
facilitate oxygen transport to parts
submerged in water.
• the roots trap silt particles, fallen leaves
and tree branches.
• As the ground level is raised, the area is
covered less frequently by high tides.
• Provided shade to soil, more nutrients
around the area.
• Pioneer species gradually disappears and
replaced by the successors.
Colonisation around mangrove
area
White mangrove, pokok api-api =
Avicennia sp. Family/Genus:
Avicenniaceae - Avicennia
Note the presence of Salt Gland on the petiole of the Avicennia sp.
• Family/Genus: Sonneratiaceae -
Sonneratia
• Common Names
pedada, red-brown mangrove, perepat,
perepat laut,
The red mangrove is usually found along the shore. The water around the base of
the trees is often stained brown, a side effect of the tannin contained in the green,
waxy leaves which fall into the water gradually throughout the year.
• Current Name: Bruguiera sp
• Family/Genus: Rhizoporaceae – Bruguiera
• Common Names
black mangrove, bakau, prasak, byu,
pototan, mangoro, tumu, lenggadai, berus,
tanjang, bakauan, bakau putih.
• Tree up to 20 m tall with buttresses and
kneed pneumatophores; bark grey,
smooth; leaves opposite, blades light
green, thin, elliptic; stipules pale yellow or
greenish.
Types of mangrove trees’ roots
Questions

• Name 2 plants act as pioneer plants?


• What is the use of pnuemataphor?
EXTENSION

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