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Redox Reactions.: Oxidation Reduction

The document discusses redox reactions and defines oxidation and reduction as: 1) Oxidation is the gain of oxygen or loss of electrons, resulting in an increase in oxidation number. 2) Reduction is the loss of oxygen or gain of electrons, resulting in a decrease in oxidation number. 3) It provides examples of redox reactions and discusses how to determine oxidation states using oxidation numbers. Oxidation numbers follow rules like elements in their natural state have an oxidation number of 0, and the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a compound or ion must add up to the overall charge.

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109 views23 pages

Redox Reactions.: Oxidation Reduction

The document discusses redox reactions and defines oxidation and reduction as: 1) Oxidation is the gain of oxygen or loss of electrons, resulting in an increase in oxidation number. 2) Reduction is the loss of oxygen or gain of electrons, resulting in a decrease in oxidation number. 3) It provides examples of redox reactions and discusses how to determine oxidation states using oxidation numbers. Oxidation numbers follow rules like elements in their natural state have an oxidation number of 0, and the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a compound or ion must add up to the overall charge.

Uploaded by

AARONARORA
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Redox Reactions.

Reduction
Oxidation
GCSE
Oxidation: Reduction:
•Gain of oxygen •Loss of oxygen
•Loss of electrons •Gain of electrons

Increase in Decrease in
oxidation oxidation
number number
4 Experiments:
• Burning magnesium
• Copper in silver nitrate solution
• Chlorine solution and potassium
iodide solution
• Exploding hydrogen

•Word equation
•Balanced symbol equation
Oxidised –
gains oxygen

2Mg(s) + O2(g)  2MgO(s)


Must be a redox!

Oxidised – loss of e- Mg  Mg2+ +2e-


Put the
e- in.
Reduced – gain of e- O +2e-  O2-
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq)  Cu(NO3 )2(aq) + 2Ag(s)

Complete
Oxidised?the
half-equations
Reduced?

Oxidised – loss of e- Cu  Cu2+ +2e-

Reduced – gain of e- Ag+ +e-  Ag


Try Question 1.
H2(g) + ½ O2(g)  H2O(g)

Covalent!

Need a new
definition.
No H+ or OH-
GCSE
Oxidation: Reduction:
•Gain of oxygen •Loss of oxygen
•Loss of electrons •Gain of electrons

Increase in Decrease in
oxidation oxidation
number number
Oxidation Numbers

• The oxidation number of an atom in an


element is zero.
E.g. Mg in Mg, O in O2.
Oxidation Numbers
• The oxidation F -1
numbers of atoms
in a compound add
up to zero. O -2
Oxidation state of
C in CO2? H +1
?–4=0 Put the +! Cl -1
? = +4
Oxidation Numbers
• The oxidation F -1
numbers of atoms
in a compound add
up to zero. O -2
Oxidation state of
Mg in MgCl2? H +1

Cl -1
+2
Oxidation Numbers
• The oxidation F -1
numbers of atoms
in a compound add
up to zero. O -2
Oxidation state of
N in NH3? H +1

Cl -1
-3
Oxidation Numbers
• The oxidation
numbers of atoms in F -1
an ion add up to the
charge on the ion.
O -2
Oxidation state of
S in SO42-? H +1
? – 8 = -2 Cl -1
? = +6
Oxidation Numbers
• The oxidation
numbers of atoms in F -1
an ion add up to the
charge on the ion.
O -2
Oxidation state of
S in S2-? H +1

Cl -1
-2
Oxidation Numbers
• The oxidation
numbers of atoms in F -1
an ion add up to the
charge on the ion.
O -2
Oxidation state of
N in NH4+? H +1

Cl -1
-3
Try Question 2.
H2(g) + ½ O2(g)  H2O(g)

Covalent!

Need a new
definition.
No H+ or OH-
GCSE
Oxidation: Reduction:
•Gain of oxygen •Loss of oxygen
•Loss of electrons •Gain of electrons

Increase in Decrease in
oxidation oxidation
number number
H2(g) + ½ O2(g)  H2O(g)
H 0 +1
O 0 -2
Covalent!

Need a new
definition.
No H+ or OH-
H2(g) + ½ O2(g)  H2O(g)
H 0 +1
O 0 -2
Oxidised? Reduced?

H – increase O – decrease
in oxidation in oxidation
number number
Try Question 3.
Oxidation Numbers and names
• To avoid any confusion when an element can have
several oxidation numbers, the oxidation number is
usually mentioned in the compound’s name.
In names like “elementate(X)”, the number refers to
“element” and not the associated oxygens.
• So if we look at some examples , we get the following
names:-
KMnO4 potassium manganate(VII)
NaClO3 sodium chlorate(V)
Check the
POCl2F phosphorus(V) oxydichlorofluoride numbers.
NaH2PO3 sodium dihydrogenphosphate(III)
K2Cr2O7 potassium dichromate(VI)
Well done!

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