SPECIFICATION FOR ALLOY STEEL BOLTING

MATERIALS FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE SERVICE

SA-320 /SA-320M
(Identical with ASTM Specification A 320 /A 320M-94a (Reapproved 1995)E1.)

1.

Scope

1.3 Nuts for use with this bolting material are covered
in Section 9 and the nut material shall be impact tested.

1.1 This specification covers alloy steel bolting materials for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings
for low-temperature service. The term bolting material
as used in this specification covers rolled, forged, or
strain hardened bars, bolts, screws, studs, and stud
bolts. The bars shall be hot-wrought. The material may
be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold
drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution
annealed or annealed and strain-hardened.

1.4 Supplementary Requirements (S1, S2 and S3) of

an optional nature are provided. They shall apply only
when specified in the inquiry, contract and order.
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inchpound units and in SI units. However, unless the order
specifies the applicable M specification designation
(SI units), the material shall be furnished to inchpound units.

1.2 Several grades are covered, including both ferritic

and austenitic steels designated L7, B8 etc. Selection
will depend on design, service conditions, mechanical
properties, and low-temperature characteristics. The mechanical requirements of Table 1 indicate the diameters
for which the minimum mechanical properties apply
to the various grades and classes, and Table 2 stipulates
the requirements for Charpy impact energy absorption.
The manufacturer should determine that the material
can conform to these requirements before parts are
manufactured. For example, when Grade L43 is specified to meet the Table 2 impact energy values at 150F
[101C], additional restrictions (such as procuring a
steel with lower P and S contents than might normally
be supplied) in the chemical composition for AISI 4340
are likely to be required.

1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or

SI units are to be regarded separately as standard.
Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The
values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;
therefore, each system must be used independently of
the other. Combining values from the two systems may
result in nonconformance with the specification.

2.

Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

A 29 /A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and
Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Requirements for
A 194 /A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure and High-Temperature Service
A 276 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel
Bars and Shapes
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products

NOTE 1The committee formulating this specification has included

several grades of material that have been rather extensively used
for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for
inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes
apparent. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades
mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required
mechanical properties are obtainable.

491

SA-320 /SA-320M

1998 SECTION II

A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for

Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
E 566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sorting of Ferrous Metals
F 436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers

basic oxygen process shall be limited to steels containing

not over 6% chromium.
4.2 DiscardA sufficient discard shall be made
to secure freedom from injurious piping and undue
segregation.
4.3 Heat Treatment:
4.3.1 The bolting material shall be allowed to cool
to room temperature after rolling or forging. Grades
L7, L7A, L7B, L7C, L7M, L43, L1, L70, L71, L72,
and L73 shall be reheated to above the upper critical
temperature and liquid quenched and tempered. Grades
B8, B8C, B8M, B8T, B8F, B8P, B8LN, and B8MLN
shall receive a carbide solution treatment. Products
made from such material are described as Class 1.
This shall consist of holding the material for a sufficient
time at a temperature at which the chromium carbide
will go into solution and then cooling in air or in a liquid
medium at a rate sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of
the carbide. Material thus treated is described as Class
1. If specified in the purchase order, material shall be
solution treated in the finished condition; material so
treated is described as Class 1A.

2.2 American National Standards Institute Standards:

B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws
B18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws
B18.22.1 Plain Washers
2.3 AIAG Standard:
AIAG B-5 0200 Primary Metals Identification Tag Application Standard

3.

Ordering Information

3.1 The inquiry and order for material under this

specification shall include the following as required to
describe the material adequately:
3.1.1 Specification designation latest issue, and
analysis by grade as selected from Table 3,
3.1.2 Heat-treated condition (that is, for the austenitic stainless steels, solution treated (Class 1); solution
treated after finishing (Class 1A), and annealed- and
strain-hardened (Class 2)),

4.3.2 When increased mechanical properties are

desired, the austenitic bolting materials shall be solution
annealed and strain hardened if specified in the purchase
order; material so treated is identified as Class 2.

3.1.3 Quantity (number of pieces or weight),

4.3.3 If scale-free bright finish is required, this

shall be specified in the purchase order.

3.1.4 Description of items required (bars, bolts,

screws, or studs),

4.3.4 For L7M bolting, the final heat treatment,

which may be the tempering or stress-relieving operation
conducted at 1150F [620C] minimum, shall be done
after machining or rolling of the threads.

3.1.5 Dimensions (diameter, length of point, overall

length, finish, shape, and threads),
3.1.6 Nuts and washers, if required by purchaser,
in accordance with Section 9.
3.1.7 End use,

5.

3.1.8 Supplementary requirements, if any, and

5.1 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel

shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the
percentages of the elements specified in Table 3. This
analysis shall be made from a test ingot taken during
the pouring of the heat. The chemical composition thus
determined shall be reported to the purchaser or the
purchasers representative, and shall conform to the
requirements prescribed in Table 3.

3.1.9 Special requirements, in accordance with

4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.3, 7.3, 10.1, 11.1, and 14.1.

4.

Chemical Composition

Materials and Manufacture

4.1 ProcessThe steel shall be produced by any of

the following primary processes: open-hearth, basicoxygen, electric-furnace, or vacuum-induction melting
(VIM). The primary melting may incorporate separate
degassing or refining. The molten steel may be vacuumtreated prior to or during pouring of the ingot. The

5.2 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by

the purchaser from samples representing the bolting
material. The chemical composition thus determined
shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 3.
492

PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

5.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element

for the ordered grade to the extent that the steel
conforms to the requirements of another grade for
which that element is a specified element. Furthermore,
elements present in concentrations greater than 0.75
weight/percent shall be reported. Chemical analysis
shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods
A 751.

6.

parts of Annex A3, Steel Fasteners, applicable to

machined tests specimens.
6.2 Impact Properties:
6.2.1 Requirements:
6.2.1.1 Material of Grades L7, L7A, L7B, L7C,
L7M, L43, L70, L71, L72, and L73 shall show a
minimum impact energy absorption of 20 ft lbf [27
J] and of Grade L1 a minimum impact energy absorption
of 40 ft lbf [54 J] at the test temperature when tested
by the procedure specified in the applicable portions
of Sections 19 to 23 of Test Methods and Definitions
A 370. The temperature of the coolant used for chilling
the test specimens shall be controlled within 63F
[1.5C]. Impact tests are not required for carbide solution
treated or strain hardened Grades B8, B8F, B8P, B8M,
B8T, B8LN and B8MLN for temperatures above 325F
[200C]; for carbide solution treated Grades B8, B8P,
B8C, and B8LN above 425F [255C]; for all ferritic
and austenitic steel grades of bolting 12 in. [12.5 mm]
and smaller in diameter. All other material furnished
under this specification shall be tested. Test temperatures
for ferritic grades are listed in Table 4. Exceptions to
this requirement are permissible, and the impact tests
may be made at specified temperatures different than
those shown in Table 4, provided the test temperature
is at least as low as the intended service temperature
and the bolting is suitably marked to identify the
reported test temperature. When impact testing is required for austenitic grades, test criteria shall be agreed
upon between the supplier and purchaser.

Mechanical Requirements

6.1 Tensile Properties:

6.1.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 1 at
room temperature after heat treatment (see 4.3.1).
6.1.2 Number of Tests:
6.1.2.1 For heat-treated bars, one tension test
and one impact test consisting of three specimens shall
be made for each diameter of each heat represented
in each tempering charge. In the continuous type treatment, a charge shall be defined as 6000 lb [2700 kg].
6.1.2.2 For studs, bolts, screws, etc., one tension
test and one set of three impact specimens shall be
made for each diameter of each heat involved in the
lot. Each lot shall consist of the following:
Diameter, in. [mm]
118 [30] and under
Over 118 [30] to 134 [45], incl
Over 134 [45] to 212 [65], incl
Over 212 [65]

SA-320 /SA-320M

Lot Size, lb [kg]

1500 [680] or fraction thereof
4500 [2040] or fraction thereof
6000 [2700] or fraction thereof
100 pieces or fraction thereof

6.2.1.2 The impact test requirements for standard

and subsize Charpy test specimens are prescribed in
Table 2.

6.1.2.3 Tension and impact tests are not required

to be made on bolts, screws, studs, or stud bolts
which are fabricated from heat-treated bars furnished
in accordance with the requirements of this specification
and tested in accordance with 6.1.2.1, provided they
are not given a subsequent heat treatment.

6.2.2 Number of Tests:

6.2.2.1 The test requirements for heat-treated
bars are given in 6.1.2.1.
6.2.2.2 For test requirements on studs, bolts,
screws, etc., see 6.1.2.2 and 6.1.2.3.

6.1.3 Test SpecimensTension test specimens

taken from finished bolts, screws, studs, or stud bolts
shall be machined to the form and dimensions and
shall be taken from positions shown in Annex A3 on
Steel Fasteners, paragraph A3.2.1.7 of Test Methods
and Definitions A 370. Tension test specimens from
bar stock are covered by Test Methods and Definitions
A 370 in Annex A1, Steel Bar Products.

6.2.2.3 Impact tests are not required to be made

on heat-treated bars, bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts
1 in. [12.5 mm] and under in diameter.
2
6.2.3 Test Specimens:
6.2.3.1 The impact test specimen shall have the
form and dimensions shown in Fig. 10 of Test Methods
and Definitions A 370 for the Charpy V-notch specimen,
Type A. The notch shall be located on the test specimen
surface which most closely approaches a radial direction.

6.1.4 Test MethodTension tests shall be made

in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A
370 including speed of testing in the section on Testing
Apparatus and Operations, on speed of testing, and the
493

SA-320 /SA-320M

1998 SECTION II

The base of the notch shall be as nearly as practicable

perpendicular to the surface of the bar.

7.

Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance

7.1 Bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts shall be

pointed and shall have a workmanlike finish. Points
shall be flat and chamfered or rounded at option of
the manufacturer. Length of points on studs and stud
bolts shall be not less than one nor more than two
complete threads as measured from the extreme end
parallel to the axis. Length of studs and stud bolts
shall be measured from first thread to first thread.

6.2.3.2 For sections 1 in. [25 mm] or less in

diameter, test specimens shall be taken at the axis; for
sections over 1 in. [25 mm] in diameter, midway
between the axis and the surface.
6.3 Hardness Requirements:
6.3.1 The hardness shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1 with testing performed in
accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.

7.2 Standard permissible variations for dimensions

of bars shall be as prescribed in Table 5. Aside from
the tolerances given in Table 5, additional tolerances
for the basic materials are given in Specifications A
29 /A 29M and A 276.

6.3.2 The maximum hardness of Grade L7M shall

be 235 HB or 99 HRB (conversion in accordance with
Table 2B of Test Methods and Definitions A 370).
Minimum hardness shall not be less than 200 HB or
93 HRB. Conformance to this hardness shall be ensured
by testing the hardness of each stud or bolt by Brinell
or Rockwell B methods as described in the sections
on Brinell Test, Portable Hardness Test, and Rockwell
Test of Test Methods and Definitions A 370.

7.3 Bolt heads shall be in accordance with the

dimensions of ANSI B18.2.1. Unless otherwise specified
in the purchase order, the Heavy Hex Screws Series
should be used, except the maximum body diameter
and radius of fillet may be the same as for the Heavy
Hex Bolt Series. Socket-head fasteners shall be in
accordance with ANSI B18.3.

8.

6.3.2.1 The use of 100% electromagnetic testing

for hardness as an alternative to 100% indentation
hardness testing is permissible when qualified by sampling using indentation hardness testing. Each lot tested
for hardness electromagnetically shall be 100% examined in accordance with Practice E 566. Following
electromagnetic testing for hardness, a random sample
of a minimum of 100 pieces in each purchase lot (as
defined in 6.1.2.2) shall be tested by indentation hardness methods. All samples must meet hardness requirements to permit acceptance of the lot. If any one
sample is outside of the specified maximum or minimum
hardness, the lot shall be rejected and either reprocessed
and resampled, or tested 100% by indentation hardness
methods.

Retests

8.1 If the results of the mechanical tests of any test

lot do not conform to the requirements specified, the
manufacturer may retreat such lot not more than twice,
in which case two additional tension tests and one
additional impact test consisting of three specimens
shall be made from such lot, all of which shall conform
to the requirements specified.

9.

Nuts and Washers

9.1 Bolts, studs, and stud bolts of Grades L7, L7A,

L7B, L7C, L43, L1, L70, L71, L72, and L73 shall be
equipped with ferritic alloy nuts conforming to Grade
4 or Grade 7 of Specification A 194 /A 194M or a
grade of steel similar to the studs. Grade 7M nuts at
a hardness not exceeding 235 HB (or equivalent) shall
be used with Grade L7M bolts, studs, and stud bolts.
All nut materials, including those which may be supplied
under Specification A 194 /A 194M, shall be subject
to the impact requirements of this specification in the
following manner: impact tests shall be made on test
specimens taken from the bar or plate from the heat
of steel used for manufacturing the nuts, and heat
treated with the nut blanks.

6.3.2.2 In the event a controversy exists relative

to minimum strength, tension tests shall prevail over
hardness readings. Products which have been tested
and found acceptable shall have a line under the grade
symbol.
6.3.2.3 Surface preparation for indentation hardness testing shall be in accordance with Test Methods
E 18. Hardness tests shall be performed on the end
of the bolt or stud. When this is impractical, the
hardness test shall be performed elsewhere.

9.2 Bolts, studs, and stud bolts of Grades B8, B8C,

B8T, B8P, B8F, B8M, B8LN, and B8MLN shall be
494

PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

equipped with austenitic alloy nuts conforming to

Grades 8, 8C, 8T, 8F, 8M, 8LN, and 8MLN for
Specification A 194 /A 194M. Impact tests are not
required for Grades 8F, 8M, 8T, and 8MLN for temperatures above 325F [200C] and for Grades 8, 8P,
8C, and 8LN above 425F [255C].

12.

12.1.2 Material that shows defects subsequent to

its acceptance at the manufacturers works shall be
rejected, and the manufacturer shall be notified.
12.2 RehearingSamples tested in accordance with
5.2 that represent rejected material shall be preserved
for 2 weeks from the date of the test report. In case
of dissatisfaction with the results of the tests, the
manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing within
that time.

9.4 Washers for use with ferritic steel bolting shall

conform to Specification F 436.
9.5 Washers for use with austenitic steel bolting
shall be made of austenitic steel as agreed upon between
the manufacturer and purchaser.
9.6 Washer dimensions shall be in accordance with
requirements of ANSI B18.22.1, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order.

13.

Certification

13.1 When agreed upon in writing between the

manufacturer and the purchaser, a certification that the
material conforms to the requirements of this specification shall be the basis of acceptance of the material.
Otherwise, the manufacturer shall report to the purchaser
or the purchasers representative the results of the
chemical analyses and mechanical tests made in accordance with the specification. The specification designation
included on test reports shall include year of issue and
revision letter, if any.

Threads

10.1 All alloy steel bolts, studs, and stud bolts, unless
otherwise specified, shall be threaded in accordance
with ANSI B1.1, Class 2A fit, sizes 1 in. [25 mm]
and smaller in diameter with the Coarse Thread Series,
and 118 in. [29 mm] and larger in diameter with the
8 Pitch Thread Series.
10.2 Where practical, all threads shall be formed
after heat treatment. Class 1A, Grades B8A, B8CA,
B8MA, B8PA, B8FA, B8TA, B8LNA, and B8MLNA
are to be solution-treated in the finished condition.

11.

Rejection and Rehearing

12.1 Rejection:
12.1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the order, any
rejection based on tests made in accordance with 5.2
shall be reported to the manufacturer within 30 days
from the receipt of samples by the purchaser.

9.3 If the purchaser requires nuts with a Charpy

impact energy absorption of not less than 20 ft lbf
[27 J] at temperatures below 150F [100C], he may
require that the nuts conform to Grades 8, 8C, 8M,
8P, 8T, 8F, 8LN, or 8MLN of Specification A 194 /A
194M.

10.

SA-320 /SA-320M

14.

Product Marking

14.1 Grade and manufacturers symbols shall be

applied to one end of studs 38 in. [10 mm] in diameter
and larger and to the heads of bolts 14 in. [6 mm] in
diameter and larger. (If the available area is inadequate,
the grade symbol may be marked on one end and the
manufacturers identification symbol marked on the
other end.) The identification symbol shall be as shown
in Table 3. In the case of Class 2, Grades B8, B8C,
B8M, B8P, B8F, and B8T strain hardened as provided
in Table 1, a line shall be stamped under the grade
symbol in order to distinguish it from Class 1 and
Class 1A bolting which has not been strain hardened.
In the case of Class 1A, the marking B8A, B8CA,
B8MA, B8PA, B8FA, B8TA, B8LNA, and B8MLNA
identifies the material as being in the solution-treated
condition in the finished state. Grade L7M which
has been 100% evaluated in conformance with this
specification shall have a line under the grade symbol

Inspection

11.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall

have free entry, at all times while work on the contract
of the purchaser is being performed, to all parts of
the manufacturers works that concern the manufacture
of the material ordered. The manufacturer shall afford
the inspector all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that
the material is being furnished in accordance with this
specification. All tests (except product analysis) and
inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture
prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall
be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with
the operation of the works.
495

SA-320 /SA-320M

1998 SECTION II

to distinguish it from L7M produced to previous revisions not requiring 100% hardness testing.
14.2 For bolting materials, including threaded bars,
that are furnished bundled and tagged or boxed, the
tags and boxes shall carry the grade symbol for the
material identification and the manufacturers identification mark or name.
14.3 Nuts from materials that have been impact
tested shall be marked with the letter L.
14.4 For purposes of identification marking, the
manufacturer is considered the organization that certifies
the fastener was manufactured, sampled, tested, and
inspected in accordance with the specification and the
results have been determined to meet the requirements
of this specification.
14.5 Bar CodingIn addition to the requirements
in 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, and 14.4, bar coding is acceptable
as a supplementary identification method. Bar coding
should be consistent with AIAG Standard B-5 02.00.
If used on small items, the bar code may be applied
to the box or a substantially applied tag.

15.

Keywords

15.1 additional elements; austenitic stainless steel;

boltssteel; chromium-molybdenum steel; fasteners
steel; markings on fittings; nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy steel; pressure vessel service; stainless steel
bolting material; starting material; steel barsalloy;
steel bolting material; steel flanges; steel valves; temperature service applicationslow

496

497

to 1 [20 to 25], incl

[20] and under

125
[860]

[690]

125
[860]
125
[860]
100

Ferritic Steels

carbide solution treated and strain

hardened
110
[760]
100
[690]
95
[655]
90
[620]

125
[860]
115
[795]
105
[725]
100
[690]

75
[515]
75
[515]

Austenitic Steels A

carbide solution treated and strain

hardened

carbide solution treated in the

finished condition

carbide solution treated

quenched and tempered

quenched and tempered at 1150F

[620C], min

quenched and tempered

quenched and tempered

Heat Treatment

95
[655]
80
[550]
65
[450]
50
[345]

100
[690]
80
[550]
65
[450]
50
[345]

30
[205]
30
[205]

105
[725]

[550]

105
[725]
105
[725]
80

Yield Strength,
min, ksi
[MPa] (0.2%
offset)

30

25

20

15

28

20

15

12

35

35

16

18

16

16

Elongation
in 2 in.
or 50
mm min, %

45

45

45

45

45

35

30

35

50

50

50

50

50

50

Reduction
of Area,
min, %

321 HB
HRC
321 HB
HRC
321 HB
HRC
321 HB
HRC

321 HB
HRC
321 HB
HRC
321 HB
HRC
321 HB
HRC

or 35

or 35

or 35

or 35

or 35

or 35

or 35

or 35

223 HB D or
96 HRB
192 HB or 90
HRB

...

235 HB B or
99 HRB

...

...

Hardness
max

A These upper diameter limits were established on the basis that these were the largest sizes commonly available that consistently met specification property limits. They are not intended as absolute limits beyond
which bolting materials could no longer be certified to the specification.
B To meet the tensile requirements, the Brinell hardness shall not be less than 200 HB or 93 HRB.
C Class 1 products are made from solution-treated material. Class 1A products are solution treated in the finished condition for corrosion resistance, heat treatment is critical for enhancing this physical property and
meeting the mechanical property requirements. Class 2 products are made from solution-treated material that has been strain hardened. Austenitic steels in the strain-hardened condition may not show uniform properties
throughout the cross section, particularly in sizes over 34 in. [20 mm] in diameter.
D For sizes 3 in. [20 mm] in diameter and smaller, a maximum hardness of 241 HB (100 HRB) is permitted.
4

over 114 to 112 [32 to 40], incl

over 1 to 114 [25 to 32], incl

over 34 to 1 [20 to 25], incl

Class 2: B8M:

over 114 to 112 [32 to 40], incl

over 1 to 114 [25 to 32], incl

[20] and under

over

Class 1: B8, B8C, B8M, B8P, B8F, B8T,

B8LN, B8MLN, all diameters
Class 1A: B8A, B8CA, B8MA, B8PA,
B8FA, B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, all
diameters
Class 2: B8, B8C, B8F, B8T:

L1
1[25] and under

212 [65] and under

L7, L7A, L7B, L7C, L70, L71, L72, L73

212 [65] and under
L43
4 [100] and under
L7M

Class and Grade, Diameter, in [mm]

Tensile
Strength,
min, ksi
[MPa]

TABLE 1
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS

PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

SA-320 /SA-320M

SA-320 /SA-320M

1998 SECTION II

TABLE 2
IMPACT ENERGY ABSORPTION REQUIREMENTS

Size of Specimen,
mm

Minimum Impact Value

Require for Average of
Each Set of Three
Specimens, ft lbf [J]

Minimum Impact Value

Permitted for One
Specimen Only of a Set,
ft lbf [J]

All Grades Except L1 A

10 by 10
10 by 7.5

20 [27]
16 [22]

15 [20]
12 [16]

Grade L1
10 by 10
10 by 7.5
A

40 [54]
32 [44]

See 6.2.1.1 for permitted exemptions.

498

30 [41]
24 [32]

499

0.380.43
0.751.00
0.035
0.040
0.150.35
0.400.70
0.400.60
0.200.30
...

Range, %

0.02
0.04
0.005 over
0.005 over
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.02
...

Over or
Under B
0.380.43
0.600.85
0.035
0.040
0.150.35
1652.00
0.700.90
0.200.30
...

Range, %

Austenitic Steels, Classes 1, 1A, and 2 D

0.02
0.03
0.005 over
0.005 over
0.02
...
0.05
0.02
...

Over or
Under B

0.02
0.03
0.005 over
0.005 over
0.02
0.05
0.03
0.02
...

Over or
Under B
0.170.24
0.701.40
0.035
0.050
0.150.35
...
...
...
0.0010.003

Range, %

0.01
0.04
0.005 over
0.005 over
0.02
...
...
...
...

Over or
Under B

Product
Variation,
%

0.08
2.00
0.045
0.030
1.00
8.010.5
18.020.0
...

0.01 over
0.04 over
0.010 over
0.005 over
0.05 over
0.15
0.20
...

Product Variation,
%

Carbon, max
Manganese, max
Phosphorus, max
Sulfur, max
Silicon, max
Nickel
Chromium
Columbium + tantalum

Range, %

0.08
2.00
0.045
0.030
1.00
9.013.0
17.019.0
10 carbon content, min

Range, %

0.01 over
0.04 over
0.010 over
0.005 over
0.05 over
0.15
0.20
0.05 under

Over or Under B

Product Variation,
%

Stabilized 18 Chromium-8 Nickel (AISI Type 347)

0.350.40
0.700.90
0.035
0.040
0.150.35
...
0.801.10
0.150.25
...

Range, %

Product
Variation,
%

Low-Carbon Boron

L1

Unstabilized 18 Chromium-8 Nickel (AISI Type 304)

0.02
0.03
0.005 over
0.005 over
0.02
...
...
0.02
...

Over or
Under B

Product
Variation,
%

L43
Nickel-ChromiumMolybdenum (AISI
4340)

B8C, B8CA

0.350.40
0.700.90
0.035
0.040
0.150.35
...
...
0.200.30
...

Range, %

Product
Variation,
%

L7C, L73
Nickel-ChromiumMolybdenum (AISI
8740)

Ferritic
Steels

B8, B8A

0.02
0.04
0.005 over
0.005 over
0.02
...
0.05
0.02
...

Over or
Under B

L7B, L72
ChromiumMolybdenum
(AISI 4137)

Over or Under B

0.380.48 C
0.751.00
0.035
0.040
0.150.35
...
0.801.10
0.150.25
...

Range, %

Product
Variation,
%

CarbonMolybdenum
(AISI 4037)

Product
Variation,
%

L7A, L71

L7, L7M, L70

Chromium-Molybdenum
(AISI 4140, 4142, or
4145)

Grade

Identification
Symbol

Type

Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus, max
Sulfur, max
Silicon
Nickel
Chromium
Molybdenum
Boron

Grade

Identification
Symbol

Type

TABLE 3
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS (COMPOSITION, %)A

PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

SA-320 /SA-320M

500

0.15
2.00
0.20
0.15, min
1.00
8.010.0
17.019.0
...
...
...

Range, %

0.01 over
0.04 over
0.010 over
0.010 over
0.05 over
0.10
0.20
...
0.03 under
...

Over or
Under B
0.08
2.00
0.045
0.030, max
1.00
10.014.0
16.018.0
2.003.00
...
...

Range, %

0.01 over
0.04 over
0.010 over
0.005 over
0.05
0.15
0.20
0.10
...
...

Over or
Under B

Product Variation, %

0.030
2.00
0.045
0.030
1.00
10.014.0
16.018.0
2.003.00
0.100.16

Range, %
0.005 over
0.04 over
0.010 over
0.005 over
0.05 over
0.15
0.20
0.10
0.01

Over or Under B

Product Variation, %

The intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted except for Grade B8F, in which selenium is specified and required.
Product analysis individual, determinations sometimes vary from the specified limits on ranges as shown in the tables. The several determinations of any individual element in a heat
may not vary both above and below the specified range.
C For the L7M grade, a minimum carbon content of 0.28% is permitted provided that the required tensile properties are met in the section sizes involved; the use of AISI 4130 or 413OH
is allowed.
D Class 1 are made from solution-treated material. Class 1A products (B8A, B8CA, B8MA, B8PA, B8FA, and B8TA) are solution-treated in the finished condition. Class 2 products are
solution-treated and strain-hardened.

0.030
2.00
0.045
0.030
1.00
8.010.5
18.020.0
...
0.100.16

0.005 over
0.04 over
0.010 over
0.005 over
0.05 over
0.15
0.20
...
0.01

Range, %

Unstabilized 18 Chromium-10 Nickel-2 Molybdenum with

Nitrogen (AISI Type 316N with restricted carbon)

0.15
2.00
0.20
0.06, max
1.00
8.010.0
17.019.0
...
0.150.35
...

Range, %

Unstabilized 18 Chromium-8 Nickel with Nitrogen

(AISI Type 304N with restricted carbon)

Carbon, max
Manganese, max
Phosphorus, max
Sulfur, max
Silicon, max
Nickel
Chromium
Molybdenum
Nitrogen

0.01 over
0.04 over
0.010 over
0.020
0.05 over
0.10
0.20
...
...
...

Over or
Under B

Austenitic Steels, Classes 1, 1A, and 2 D

0.01 over
0.04 over
0.010 over
0.005 over
0.05 over
0.15
0.20
...
...
...

Over or
Under B

Product
Variation, %

18 Chromium-10 Nickel-2
Molybdenum (AISI Type 316)

B8MLN, B8MLNA

0.08
2.00
0.045
0.030, max
1.00
10.513.0
17.019.0
...
...
...

Range, %

Product
Variation, %

With Added Selenium

(Type 303 Se)

B8M, B8MA

B8LN, B8LNA

0.01 over
0.04 over
0.010 over
0.005 over
0.05 over
0.15
0.20
...
...
0.05 under

Over or
Under B

B8F, B8FA

Product
Variation, %

With Added Sulfur

(Type 303)

Over or Under B

0.08
2.00
0.045
0.030, max
1.00
9.012.0
17.019.0
...
...
5 carbon content,
min

Range, %

Product
Variation, %

Stabilized 18 Chromium-8
Nickel (AISI Type 321)
Product
Variation, %

B8P, B8PA
Unstabilized 18
Chromium-8
Nickel (AISI Type 305 with
restricted carbon)

B8T, B8TA

Austenitic Steels, Classes 1, 1A, and 2 D

Grade

Identification
Symbol

Type

Carbon, max
Manganese, max
Phosphorus, max
Sulfur
Silicon, max
Nickel
Chromium
Molybdenum
Selenium
Titanium

Grade

Identification
Symbol

Type

TABLE 3 (CONTD)
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS (COMPOSITION, %) A

SA-320 /SA-320M
1998 SECTION II

PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

SA-320 /SA-320M

TABLE 4
RECOMMENDED TEST TEMPERATURE FOR STOCK
PARTS
Test Temperature
Grade

L7M, L70, L71, L72, L73

L7, L7A, L7B, L7C
L43
L1

100
150
150
100

73
101
101
73

TABLE 5
PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN SIZE OF HOT-ROLLED BARS
Permissible Variations from
Specified Size
Over

Out-of-Round

Under

Specified Size,
in. [mm]

in.

mm

in.

mm

in.

mm

16 [8] and under

Over 516 to 716 [11], incl
Over 716 to 58 [16], incl
Over 58 to 78 [22], incl
Over 78 to 1 [25], incl
Over 1 to 118 [29], incl
Over 118 to 114 [32], incl
Over 114 to 138 [35], incl
Over 138 to 112 [38], incl
Over 112 to 2 [50], incl
Over 2 to 212 [65.0], incl

0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.014
1
64
1
32

0.13
0.15
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.25
0.28
0.30
0.36
0.40
0.79

0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.014
1
64
0

0.13
0.15
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.25
0.28
0.30
0.36
0.40
0

0.008
0.009
0.010
0.012
0.013
0.015
0.016
0.018
0.021
0.023
0.023

0.20
0.23
0.25
0.30
0.33
0.38
0.41
0.46
0.53
0.58
0.58

501

SA-320 /SA-320M

1998 SECTION II

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the
purchaser in the inquiry, contract, and order.

S1.

mm] in diameter and for 14 in. [6 mm] studs requiring

more than a total of three symbols, the marking shall
be a matter of agreement between the purchaser and
manufacturer.

Impact Properties

S1.1 When impact properties are desired for austenitic

steel grades exempt from testing under 6.2.1, test shall
be made as agreed between the manufacturer and the
purchaser.

S3.
S2.

Lateral Expansion

S3.1 When lateral expansion measurements for ferritic

steels are required in addition to the energy absorption
requirements of 6.2.1.1, the minimum value for each
specimen of a set must be .015 in. [0.38 mm]. The
test temperature shall be specified by the purchaser
and agreed upon by the producer.

Marking

S2.1 Grade and manufacturers identification symbols

shall be applied to one end of studs and to the heads
of bolts of all sizes. (If the available area is inadequate,
the grade symbol may be marked on one end and the
manufacturers identification symbol marked on the
other end.) For bolts and studs smaller than 14 in. [6

NOTE S1Grades L7, L7A, L7B will generally have difficulty

meeting the minimum value at 150F [101C]. Grade L43 may
be preferred.

502

PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

SA-320 /SA-320M

APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)

X1.1 STRAIN HARDENING OF AUSTENITIC

STEELS

hardening is achieved predominantly near the surface

of the bar. That is, the smaller the bar, the greater the
penetration of strain hardening.

X1.1 Stain hardening is the increase in strength and

hardness that results from plastic deformation below
the recrystallization temperature (cold work). This effect
is produced in austenitic stainless steels by reducing
oversized bars or wire to the desired final size by cold
drawing or other process. The degree of strain hardening
achievable in any alloy is limited by its strain hardening
characteristics. In addition, the amount of strain hardening that can be produced is further limited by the
variables of the process, such as the total amount of
cross-section reduction, die angle and bar size. In large
diameter bars, for example, plastic deformation will
occur principally in the outer regions of the bar, so
that the increased strength and hardness due to strain

X1.2 Thus, the mechanical properties of a given

strain hardened fastener are dependent not just on the
alloy, but also on the size of bar from which it is
machined. The minimum bar size that can be used,
however, is established by the configuration of the
fastener, so that the configuration can affect the strength
of the fastener.
X1.3 For example, a stud of a particular alloy and
size may be machined from a smaller diameter bar
than a bolt of the same alloy and size because a larger
diameter bar is required to accommodate the head of
the bolt. The stud, therefore, is likely to be stronger
than the same size bolt in a given alloy.

503