Stop Motion Animation
Techniques and
Developments
BY JAMIE BRELSFORD
Introduction
Why we see motion
How we used this to create moving images
The Scopes and Tropes
The development of this up to the present day in animation.
Introduction
Animation : The technique of Photographing successive drawings or
positions of puppet models to create an illusion of movement when
the film is shown as a sequence.
Computer Animation : The manipulation of electronic images by
means of a computer in order to create moving images.
Persistence of vision
The theory of persistence of vision.
Retina holds light for a fraction of a second
Before receiving the next bit of light
This makes frames blur together creating the illusion of movement
Frames
Frames are the singular images used in a sequence to present
movement
They are measured in frames per second (FPS)
The more frames per second the smoother the motion
To define images as a movie there needs to be 24 FPS
The Hobbit used 60 FPS
Pioneers : Joseph Plateau
(Phenakitoscope)
Pioneers : Joseph Plateau
(Phenakitoscope)
1832 - joseph and his sons introduced
Independently invented by Simon von Stampfer
Involved spinning a disc with slits in it whilst you looked into a mirror
to see the illusion of movement
Only one person could view the moving image at one time
Pioneers : William Horner (Zoetrope)
Pioneers : William Horner (Zoetrope)
1834 William George Horner proposed more convenient device
Based on the phenakitoscope
It involved looking through slots into a drum that spun
This let multiple people use it and also eliminated the need for a
mirror
Pioneers : Emile Reynaud
(Praxinoscope),
Pioneers : Emile Reynaud
(Praxinoscope),
1877 Emile Reynaud presented the Praxinoscope
Adaptation to the Zoetrope
Involved looking at a mirror that is central of the drum allowing you
to see one moving image instead of several
Pioneers : Edison (Kinetoscope)
Pioneers : Edison (Kinetoscope)
Invented by Thomas A. Edison and William Dickson in 1891
It was a strip of film which passed an electric light
Behind the peephole there was a spinning wheel with a narrow slit
that acted as a shutter
Allowed a momentary view of each of the 46 fames
Willis Harold Obrien
Born in Oakland, California
Worked with clay models
Forwarded stop motion animation in the
industry
Mainly known for creating King Kong
TV Animation
Animation has been used in several TV shows
however it is most commonly found in
children's
One of the most well known stop motion
show is called Shawn the sheep
This simple show consists of the slight
movement of clay to create the illusion of
movement between frames.
Shawn the sheep uses animation to provide
entertainment to the TV.
Advertising
Advertising using stop motion animation to
promote a product can be really creative
and eye catching
It was especially noticed in Hondas advert
called Honda Paper
This used the overlapping of paper to create
a very unique advertisement
Using animation helps create unique
intresting adverts which can appeal to most
people
Cinema
Animation is used in many films now
with amazing special effects that
sometimes seem so real
These effects aid grasping the viewer
into the film so that they can
experience it to the full potential.
The Hobbit is an example of this
being very successful in capturing the
viewers to aid their experience
Aardman Animations
Aardman was founded in 1972 by Peter Lord and David Sproxton
They began by providing animated sequences for the BBC making shows such as
Greeblies(1975) using clay animation
This soon inspired the production of morph, a simple clay character
They later received an Oscar for Parks short, Creature Comforts
In December 1997 Aardman and Dreamworks announced that they would be
making Chicken Run Aardmans first feature film
Aardman Animations
Known for creating stop motion animation
films with clay.
Aardman has gone on to make films such
as flushed away and Wallace and Gromit
Aardman films have made $971.8 million
worldwide
Conclusion
Animation has come a long way
Thank you for watching
BY JAMIE BRELSFORD
Bibliography
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/animation
http://unit31companimation.blogspot.co.uk/2013/06/persistence-ofvision-m1.html
http://courses.ncssm.edu/gallery/collections/toys/html/exhibit07.ht
m
http://www.earlycinema.com/technology/zoetrope.html
http://www.earlycinema.com/technology/praxinoscope.html
http://www.earlycinema.com/technology/kinetoscope.html
