Student Edition Glossary

array [r] matriz A set of objects

arranged in rows and columns
Example:

column

Pronunciation Key
a

(r)

b
ch
d
e

add, map
ace, rate
care, air
palm,
father
bat, rub
check, catch
dog, rod
end, pet
equal, tree

f
g
h
i

j
k
l
m

fit, half
go, log
hope, hate
it, give
ice, write
joy, ledge
cool, take
look, rule
move, seem

n
ng
o

oi
ou


nice, tin
ring, song
odd, hot
open, so
order, jaw
oil, boy
pout, now
took, full
pool, food

the schwa, an unstressed vowel

representing the sound spelled a in
above, e in sicken, i in possible, o in
melon, u in circus

p
r
s
sh
t
th
th
u.
u

pit, stop
run, poor
see, pass
sure, rush
talk, sit
thin, both
this, bathe
up, done
pull, book

(r) burn, term

y fuse, few
v vain, eve
w win, away
y yet, yearn
z zest, muse
zh vision,
pleasure

centimeter (cm) [sentmtr] centmetro (cm)

A metric unit that is used to measure length
or distance
Example:

row
3 4 = 12

1 cm

Associative Property of Addition [sshtiv

prprt v dishn] propiedad asociativa
de la suma The property that states that you
can group addends in different ways and still
get the same sum
Example:
4 1 (2 1 5) 5 11
(4 1 2) 1 5 5 11

Other symbols:

separates words into syllables

 indicates stress on a syllable

cent sign () [sent sn] smbolo de centavo

A symbol that stands for cent or cents
Example: 53

circle [srkl] crculo A round closed

plane shape
Example:

Associative Property of Multiplication

[sshtiv prprt v multplikshn]

addend

addition
suma The process of finding
the total number of items when two or more
groups of items are joined; the opposite
operation of subtraction

Commutative Property of Addition

[dishn]

before noon
analog clock
klk] reloj analgico
A tool for measuring time, in which hands
move around a circle to show hours
and minutes
Example:

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[anlog

11 12 1
2
10
9
3
4
8
7 6 5

Word History

When the letter g is replaced with the

letter k in the word angle, the word
becomes ankle. Both words come from
the same Latin root, angulus, which
means a sharp bend.

Favorite Food
Number of Votes

A.M. [em] a.m. The time after midnight and

[kmy ttiv prprt v dishn]

bar graph [br graf] grfica de barras A graph

that uses bars to show data
Example:

area [r] rea The measure of the number

ofunit squares needed to cover a surface
Example:

counting number [kounting numbr] nmero

natural A whole number that can be used to
count a set of objects (1, 2, 3, 4 . . .)
cube [ky b] cubo A three-dimensional shape
with six square faces of the same size
Example:

H1

decimal point [desml point] punto decimal

A symbol used to separate dollars from
cents in money
Example: $4.52

cylinder
cilindro A three-dimensional
object that is shaped like a can
Example:

decimal point
denominator [dnmntr] denominador
The part of a fraction below the line, which
tells how many equal parts there are in the
whole or in the group
Example: 3_4
denominator

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decagon [dekgn] decgono A polygon

with ten sides and ten angles
Example:

difference [difrns] diferencia The answer to a

subtraction problem
Example: 6 2 4 5 2
difference

propiedad conmutativa de la multiplicacin

The property that states that you can multiply
two factors in any order and get the same
product
Example:
23458
43258

compatible numbers [kmpatbl numbrz]

nmeros compatibles Numbers that are
easy to compute with mentally

Glossary

dollar [dlr] dlar Paper money worth

100 cents and equal to 100 pennies;
$1.00
Example:

equal parts [kwl prts] partes iguales Parts

that are exactly the same size
equal sign (=) [kwl sn] signo de igualdad
A symbol used to show that two numbers
have the same value
Example: 384 5 384
equal to (=) [kwl t ] igual a Having the
same value
Example: 4 1 4 is equal to 3 1 5.
equation [kwzhn] ecuacin A number
sentence that uses the equal sign to show
that two amounts are equal
Examples:
3 1 7 5 10
42153
6 3 7 5 42
84254
equivalent [kwivlnt] equivalente Two
or more sets that name the same amount

edge [ej] arista A line segment formed

where two faces meet

digits [dijits] dgitos The symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,

5, 6, 7, 8, and 9

edge

eighths [tths] octavos

Distributive Property [distriby tiv prprt]

propiedad distributiva The property that
states that multiplying a sum by a number is
the same as multiplying each addend by the
number and then adding the products
Example:
5 3 8 5 5 3 (4 1 4)
5 3 8 5 (5 3 4) 1 (5 3 4)
5 3 8 5 20 1 20
5 3 8 5 40
divide [dvd] dividir To separate into
equal groups; the opposite operation of
multiplication
dividend [divdend] dividendo The number
that is to be divided in a division problem
Example: 35 4 5 5 7
dividend

Planning Guide

H2

digital clock [dijitl klk] reloj digital

A clock that shows time to the minute,
using digits
Example:

Glossary

PG104

Pasta

divisor [devzr] divisor The number that

divides the dividend
Example: 35 4 5 5 7
divisor

dime [dm] moneda de 10 A coin worth

10 cents and with a value equal to that of
10 pennies; 10
Example:

data [dt] datos Information collected about

people or things

Tacos Pizza Chili

Food

division [dvizhn] divisin The process of

sharing a number of items to find how
many groups can be made or how many
items will be in a group; the opposite
operation of multiplication

6:00
[silndr]

[kmy ttiv prprt v multplikshn]

capacity [kpasit] capacidad The amount

a container can hold
Example:
1 liter 5 1,000 milliliters

Glossary

base

Commutative Property of Multiplication

compare [kmpr] comparar To describe

whether numbers are equal to, less than,
or greater than each other

Area = 6 square units

cone [kn] cono A three-dimensional, pointed

shape that has a flat, round base
Example:

12
10
8
6
4
2
0

propiedad conmutativa de la suma

The property that states that you can add
two or more numbers in any order and get
the same sum
Example:
6 1 7 5 13
7 1 6 5 13

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addend

angle [anggl] ngulo A shape formed

by two rays that share an endpoint
Example:

closed shape [klzd shp] figura cerrada A shape

that begins and ends at the same point
Examples:

H3

equivalent fractions [kwivlnt frakshnz]

fracciones equivalentes Two or more fractions
that name the same amount
Example:

3 6
458
estimate [estmt] verb estimar To find about
how many or how much

These are eighths

elapsed time [lapst tm] tiempo transcurrido
The time that passes from the start of an
activity to the end of that activity

estimate [estmit] noun estimacin

A number close to an exact amount
even [vn] par A whole number that has
a 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 in the ones place

endpoint [endpoint] extremo The point at

either end of a line segment

expanded form [ekspandid frm] forma

desarrollada A way to write numbers by
showing the value of each digit
Example: 721 5 700 1 20 1 1

equal groups [kwl gr pz] grupos iguales

Groups that have the same number of
objects

experiment [ekspermnt] experimento

A test that is done in order to find out
something

H4

Glossary

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addend [adend] sumando Any of the numbers

that are added in addition
Examples: 2 1 3 5 5

propiedad asociativa de la multiplicacin

The property that states that when the
grouping of factors is changed, the product
remains the same
Example:
(3 3 2) 3 4 5 24
3 3 (2 3 4) 5 24

Glossary

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fraction greater than 1 [frakshn grtr than wun]

fraccin mayor que 1 A number which has a
numerator that is greater than its denominator
Examples:

half hour [haf our] media hora 30 minutes

Example: Between 4:00 and 4:30 is one
half hour.

Favorite Color

foot (ft) [ft] pie A customary unit used

to measure length or distance;
1 foot 5 12 inches

Color
Blue

fourths [frths] cuartos

Green

10
8

Red

Yellow

inch (in.) [inch] pulgada (pulg.) A customary

unit used to measure length or distance
Example:

These are halves

hexagon [heksgn] hexgono A polygon
with six sides and six angles
Examples:

fraction [frakshn] fraccin A number that

names part of a whole or part of a group
Examples:

Word History
Word History

Often, a fraction is a part of a whole that

is broken into pieces. Fraction comes from
the Latin word frangere, which means
to break.

1 inch

intersecting lines [intrsekting lnz] lneas

secantes Lines that meet or cross
Example:

gram (g) [gram] gramo (g) A metric unit

that is used to measure mass;
1 kilogram = 1,000 grams
greater than (>) [grtr than] mayor que
A symbol used to compare two numbers
when the greater number is given first
Example:
Read 6 . 4 as "six is greater than four."

1
3

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Identity Property of Multiplication [dentt

prprt v multplikshn] propiedad de
identidad de la multiplicacin The property
that states that the product of any number
and 1 is that number
Examples: 5 3 1 5 5
13858

halves [havz] mitades

Number

These are fourths

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Identity Property of Addition [dentt

prprt v dishn] propiedad de
identidad de la suma The property that
states that when you add zero to a number,
the result is that number
Example: 24 1 0 5 24

Grouping Property of Addition [grping

prprt v dishn] propiedad de
agrupacin de la suma See Associative Property
of Addition.

horizontal bar graph [hrizntl br graf]

grfica de barras horizontales A bar graph
in which the bars go from left to right
Examples:

Musical Instruments
Flute

Grouping Property of Multiplication [grping

prprt v multplikshn] propiedad de
agrupacin de la multiplicacin See Associative
Property of Multiplication.

Drums
Piano

Glossary

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key [k] clave The part of a map or graph

that explains the symbols

Guitar
0

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2
4
6
8
10
Number of Students

12

kilogram (kg) [kilgram] kilogramo (kg)

A metric unit used to measure mass;
1 kilogram 5 1,000 grams

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less than (<) [les than] menor que A symbol

used to compare two numbers when the
lesser number is given first
Example:
Read 3 , 7 as "three is less than seven."

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line [ln] lnea A straight path extending

in both directions with no endpoints
Example:
Word History
Word History

The word line comes from linen, a thread

spun from the fibers of the flax plant. In
early times, thread was held tight to mark
a straight line between two points.

line plot [ln plt] diagrama de puntos A graph

that records each piece of data on a number
line
Example:

7
7 7 7
7 7 7 7 7
7 7 7 7 7 7 7

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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Height of Bean Seedlings
to the Nearest Centimeter
line segment [ln segmnt] segmento A part
of a line that includes two points, called
endpoints, and all of the points between
them
Example:

mass [mas] masa The amount of matter in

an object

meter (m) [mtr] metro (m) A metric unit

used to measure length or distance;
1 meter 5 100 centimeters

milliliter (mL) [mililtr] mililitro (mL)

A metric unit used to measure capacity and
liquid volume

multiple [multpl] mltiplo A number that is

the product of two counting numbers
Examples:
6
6
3 1 3
2
_
_
6
12

6
6
4
3 3 3
_
_
24
18

Order Property of Addition [rdr prprt

v dishn] propiedad de orden de la suma
See Commutative Property of Addition.
Order Property of Multiplication [rdr
prprt v multplikshn] propiedad de
orden de la multiplicacin See Commutative
Property of Multiplication.

parallel lines [prlel lnz] lneas paralelas Lines

in the same plane that never cross and are
always the same distance apart
Example:

pattern [patrn] patrn An ordered set of

numbers or objects in which the order
helps you predict what will come next
Examples:
2, 4, 6, 8, 10

minute hand [minit hand] minutero The long

hand on an analog clock
octagon [ktgn] octgono A polygon
with eight sides and eight angles
Examples:

counting
numbers
multiples of 6

pentagon [pentgn] pentgono A polygon with

five sides and five angles
Examples:

multiplication [multplikshn] multiplicacin

The process of finding the total number
of items in two or more equal groups;
the opposite operation of division

odd [od] impar A whole number that has

a 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 in the ones place

multiply [multpl] multiplicar To combine equal

groups to find how many in all; the opposite
operation of division

nickel [nikl] moneda de 5 A coin worth

5 cents and with a value equal to that of
5 pennies; 5
Example:

open shape [pn shp] figura abierta A shape

that does not begin and end at the same
point
Examples:

order [rdr] orden A particular arrangement

or placement of numbers or things, one after
another
order of operations [rdr v prshnz]
orden de las operaciones A special set of rules
that gives the order in which calculations are
done

noon [nn] medioda 12:00 in the day

Glossary

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numerator [nmrtr] numerador The part

of a fraction above the line, which tells how
many parts are being counted
numerator
Example: 3_

minute (min) [minit] minuto (min) A unit used

to measure short amounts of time; in one
minute, the minute hand on an analog clock
moves from one mark to the next

liquid volume [likwid vlym] volumen de un

lquido The amount of liquid in a container
liter (L) [ltr] litro (L) A metric unit used to
measure capacity and liquid volume;
1 liter 5 1,000 milliliters

number sentence [numbr sentns] enunciado

numrico A sentence that includes numbers,
operation symbols, and a greater than symbol,
a less than symbol, or an equal sign
Example: 5 1 3 5 8

midnight [midnt] medianoche 12:00 at

night

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number line [numbr ln] recta numrica

A line on which numbers can be located
Example:
length [lengkth] longitud The measurement
of the distance between two points

inverse operations [invrs prshnz]

operaciones inversas Opposite operations,
or operations that undo one another, such
as addition and subtraction or multiplication
and division
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factor

hour hand [our hand] horario The short hand on

an analog clock

[frkwns

Instrument

factor

frequency table
tbl] tabla de
frecuencia A table that uses numbers to
record data
Example:

half dollar [haf dolr] moneda de 50

A coin worth 50 cents and with a value
equal to that of 50 pennies; 50
Example:

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H8

perimeter [primtr] permetro The

distance around a figure
Example:

perpendicular lines [prpndikylr lnz]

lneas perpendiculares Lines that intersect
to form right angles
Example:

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factor [faktr] factor A number that is multiplied

by another number to find a product
Examples: 3 3 8 5 24

2
1

hour (hr) [our] hora (h) A unit used to measure

time; in one hour, the hour hand on an analog
clock moves from one number to the next;
1 hour 5 60 minutes

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6
3

face

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face [fs] cara A polygon that is a flat surface

of a solid shape

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Glossary

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Student Edition Glossary PG105

Student Edition Glossary continued

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picture graph [pikchr graf] grfica con dibujos A

graph that uses pictures to show and compare
information
Example:

How We Get to School

Walk
Ride a Bike
Ride a Bus
Ride in a Car
Key: Each

= 10 students.

place value [pls valy] valor posicional

The value of each digit in a number, based
on the location of the digit
plane [pln] plano A flat surface that extends
without end in all directions
Example:

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right angle [rt anggl] ngulo recto An angle

that forms a square corner
Example:

Word History
Word History

Did you ever think that a polygon looks

like a bunch of knees that are bent? This
is how the term got its name. Poly- is
from the Greek word polys, which means
many. The ending -gon is from the
Greek word gony, which means knee.

ray [r] semirrecta A part of a line, with

one endpoint, that is straight and continues
in one direction
Example:
rectangle [rektanggl] rectngulo
A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel
sides, two pairs of sides of equal length, and
four right angles
Example:

product [prdkt] producto The answer in a

multiplication problem
Example: 3 3 8 5 24
product

round [round] redondear To replace a number

with another number that tells about how
many or how much

scale [skl] escala The numbers placed at fixed

distances on a graph to help label the graph
rectangular prism [rektanggylr prizm]
prisma rectangular A three-dimensional shape
with six faces that are all rectangles
Example:

quadrilateral [kwdrilatrl] cuadriltero

A polygon with four sides and four angles
Example:

side [sd] lado A straight line segment in

a polygon
sixths [siksths] sextos

B
A

midnight

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point [point] punto An exact position or

location
polygon [plign] polgono A closed plane shape
with straight sides that are line segments
Examples:

polygons

regroup [rgr
p] reagrupar To exchange
amounts of equal value to rename a number
Example: 5 1 8 5 13 ones or 1 ten 3 ones
related facts [riltid fakts] operaciones
relacionadas A set of related addition and
subtraction, or multiplication and division,
number sentences
Examples: 4 3 7 5 28
28 4 4 5 7
7 3 4 5 28
28 4 7 5 4

quarter hour [kwrtr our] cuarto de hora

15 minutes
Example: Between 4:00 and 4:15 is one
quarter hour.

remainder [rimndr] residuo The amount

left over when a number cannot be divided
evenly

quotient [kwshnt] cociente The number, not

including the remainder, that results from
division
Example: 8 4 4 5 2
quotient

These are sixths

skip count [skip kount] contar salteado A pattern
of counting forward or backward
Example: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, . . .
solid shape [slid shp] cuerpo geomtrico
See three-dimensional shape.
sphere [sfir] esfera A three-dimensional shape
that has the shape of a round ball
Example:

results [rizults] resultados The answers from

a survey
rhombus [rmbs] rombo A quadrilateral with
two pairs of parallel sides and four sides of
equal length
Example:

square [skwr] cuadrado A quadrilateral with

two pairs of parallel sides, four sides of equal
length, and four right angles
Example:

not polygons

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Glossary

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square unit [skwr ynit] unidad cuadrada

A unit used to measure area such as square
foot, square meter, and so on
standard form [standrd frm] forma normal
A way to write numbers by using the digits
09, with each digit having a place value
Example: 345
standard form
subtraction [sbtrakshn] resta The process of
finding how many are left when a number of
items are taken away from a group of items;
the process of finding the difference when two
groups are compared; the opposite operation
of addition
sum [sum] suma o total The answer to an
addition problem
Example: 6 1 4 5 10
sum
survey [srv] encuesta A method of gathering
information

tally table [tal tbl] tabla de conteo A table

that uses tally marks to record data
Example:

three-dimensional shape [thr dmenshnl shp]

figura tridimensional A shape that has length,
width, and height
Example:

height

2-Digit
Numbers

width

35
17
29

time line [tm ln] lnea cronolgica

A drawing that shows when and in what
order events took place

Football

8
6

_2
2

vertical bar graph [vrtikl br graf] grfica

de barras verticales A bar graph in which the
bars go up from bottom to top
two-dimensional shape [t dmenshnl shp]
figura bidimensional A shape that has only
length and width
Example:

School Supply Sales

Basketball

width

thirds [thrdz] tercios

51

This is one whole.

whole number [hl numbr] nmero entero
One of the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, . . .
The set of whole numbers goes on
without end
word form [wrd frm] en palabras A way
to write numbers by using words
Example: The word form of 212 is
two hundred twelve.

vertex

Tally

Baseball

12
10

vertex

triangle [tranggl] tringulo A polygon with

three sides and three angles
Examples:

whole [hl] entero All of the parts of a shape

orgroup
Example:

Even
Numbers

vertex [vrteks] vrtice The point at which

two rays of an angle or two (or more) line
segments meet in a plane shape or where
three or more edges meet in a solid shape
Examples:

Number of Items

Sport

2/20/14 10:11 AM

length

trapezoid [trapizoid] trapecio

A quadrilateral with at least one pair of
parallel sides
Example:

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Venn diagram [ven dgram] diagrama de Venn

A diagram that shows relationships among
sets of things
Example:

Favorite Sport
Soccer

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H10 Glossary
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P.M. [pem] p.m. The time after noon and before

quarter [kwrtr] moneda de 25 A coin worth

25 cents and with a value equal to that of
25 pennies; 25
Example:

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plane shape [pln shp] figura plana A shape in a

plane that is formed by curves, line segments,
or both
Example:

50
40
30
20
10
0

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Zero Property of Multiplication [zr

prprt v multplikshn] propiedad
del cero de la multiplicacin The property
that states that the product of zero and
any number is zero
Example: 0 3 6 5 0

Dec

Month

unit fraction [ynit frakshn] fraccin

unitaria A fraction that has 1 as its top
number, or numerator
Examples: 1_2 1_3 1_4
unit square [ynit skwr] cuadrado de una unidad
A square with a side length of 1 unit, used to
measure area

Glossary

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H12

Glossary

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These are thirds

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length

Teacher Notes