Tr1 30
Tr1 30
Tr1 30
if
o/UH'V'Aijy <'k#
Pharyldng&
phuangphap giai
(HuMtta 4,
PHAN DANG VA PHLfCJNG PHAP GIAI HOA HQC 11 H Q U C d
D6 X U A N H U N G
D A I C I / C J N G V E H 6 A H p C HtfU CCJ
1. H^p chaft hffu ccf la hdp chat cua cacbon (trilf CO, CO2, muoi cacbonat xianua,
N G U Y E N T H I T H A N H Hl/OfNG
Bientap
cacbua,...)
: HAI AU
Hidrocacbon
Tnnhbay
: C6ng ty K H A N G
Bia
: C6ng ty K H A N G VlfeX
'
Hidrocacbon
Hidrocacbon
no
khOng no
Hidrocacbon
thorn
Din
Ancol
Andehit
Amin
Axit
HOP
xuS't
Phenol
Xeton
nitro
Este
chat
halogen
Ete
chile,
'
Ten goc chiJc = Ten phan goc + T6n phan dinh chiJc
Email: tonghop@nxbhcm.com.vn
Ten thay the = Ten phan thay the + Ten mach C chinh + Ten phan dinh chffc
hanh
CO2
H2O
TNHH MTV
''^
*
^ * (NH,)2S04 + 2NaOH
mc=12.-i4^(g)
44
'
Dja chl: 7 1 , Kha V^n CSn, P.HiOp Binh Ch^nh, Q.Thii Dufc, Tp.HCM.
-H = 2 . i ^ ( g )
> A g C l i + HNO3
= i^.100%
=> %H=-2^.100%
Tong h(?p
CUSO4.5H2O
(NH4)2S04 + . j V - v!* ? n . f
^CuS04khan^
(xanh)
HCl + AgNOj
Website: www.nhasachkhangvlet.vn
CaCOjl
Email: khangvietbookstoreyahoo.com.vn
f''''"/''-;'
In xong
tap
a) Ten thong thiidng (nguon goc flm ra chat) ^ ' - ' ' - ^ M s g * a v * f
Fax: 84.8.38222726
polime
C 6 N G TY
phdt
VI$:T
Tong
^ 9!^: : J^'l
Sufa ban in : H 6 N G H A I
J,,
=>%N=i^.lOO%
niA
1:4 ; ?
vi ,
Phan djing \ik phuong ph^p g'Ai H6a hpc 11 HJu co - B8 Xuan Hung
=> mo = niA - (mc + m H + IHN)
hay
% 0 = 100%
- (%C + %H
%N)
I I I . C O N G T H L T C P H A N TlT HOP
V. P H A N 0NG H O U C O
^; ,
'^'iMj^J
C H A T H 0 U COf
!Y i tMi
niQ
^
hay
16
%C
12
%H
X d c d i n h k h o i luWng m o l p h a n tuT:
D i f a v a c % k h o i lu'dng cac n g u y e n t o :
CxHyO,
y
16z
M
=- ^ =
=
=> x , y , z
%C
%H % 0 100%
,
Dura v a o c o n g thiJc d d n g i a n n h a ' t :
%0
16
M A = Me.dA/B
'
hoac
"A
3. P h a n u r n g t a c h :
C H 3 - C H 2 - O H - S ^ ^ CH2=CH2 + H2O
^
12p + q + 16r
"002
"':i'f<(T}iD
"H2O
> C2\I^BT2
'
H
1
\'t } -\{^
An
'.^^
(Vm
fihan
<Jjhaii
(Vi&
ling^hau
loai
fditut
eMiq. Ihiie
J;
i^'0:^
,/>a
F .
c^ririO'-vH^^-TH;}
,HI4..-,H;:HHD-;.ii:):-,-i-''
'
ehdt
i?
i^i^Y j j.
.....
:J
Dac diem cua phan iJng h6a hpc trong hoa hoc hffu cd :
i^itiiH '
B a i 1. V i e t phifdng trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan iJng xay ra theo sd do sau f.^
CH^CH
CH2=CH2
CH3-CH2-OH
CH3CH2-Br
Qj | j
-H -
^ x C O ^ + ^ H ^ O
'
Trong cac phan iJng tren, phan iJng nao thupc loai phan tfng the, phan iJng cong,
phaniJngtdch?
^x,y;tirMAtinhdirdcz.
T a c d t i i e : = =
t
" A
"002
C2H4 + Br2
'I
CxHA +
2. P h a n uTng cOng:
' '
M =^n=
y
z
x + - - - 02
4
2
M A = 29.dA/kk
12x
CH4 + C I 2 C H 3 C I + H C l
,|
,
= p: d:r
Tacdtil?:
C,HyO, = (CpH,0,) =
"^ n:!ir::.xM\i
/ ^ ^ j , ; ' . - . is/Vi'
> x C + y H + zO
v,!^
so,..^^.,^
x:y:z=
2. C d n g t h t f c p h a n tuT ( C T P T ) ^
( n = 1,2, 3,...)
C a c h t h i e t l a p : T i m t i 1$ (C,HyO,)
mr
mH
x:y:z=^:^:^
12
1
* t ,vN ' (
HO -
1. P h a n tfng the":
^'-'^^^^^'^
i
2n,,20
,,,, ^^^^^^
^.^^
Giai
'
(1) C H ^ C H + H2
i i i *
js
(3) C H 3 - C H 2 - O H + H B r
C o n g thiJc c a u tao k h a i t r i e n
;| .>fiX
(4) 3CH=CH
? ..Mrtr;
^^^)
1,,,
'
'
2. D d n g d a n g
N h f f n g h d p c h a t c 6 t h a n h p h a n p h a n tuT hdn k ^ m n h a u mpt hay n h i e u nhom CH2
nhiftig c 6 t i n h chat h o a hpc t i i d n g tif n h a u .
3. D 6 n g p h a n
.,.,.:, ,;., ,
. , . j ,
"V''';^;!
'
'
Gidi
iti
B a i 2 . Co ba chat hCu cd c6 cong thiJc Ian liTdt la : C4Hii)0, C4H9CI, C4H11N, Cho
,4^
'*
JifJ^K hn-
C4H|()0
., ' J ,
'(.,,
. -
,M
>';
^-.;j;y--.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH
CH3-CH2-CH2-O-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH-CH3
CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3
Phan djing va phUdng ph^p giai H6a hpc 11 HOu cO - D5 XuSn HiJng
OH
CH3-CH-CH2-OH
CH3-CH-O-CH3 ;
CH3
C4H9CI:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CI
CH3-CH2-CH-CH3
Bai
..:Jt
CH3-C-CH3
5. Cho 6 hdp cha't hi?u cd ddn chiJc, mach hcl cd cung cong thiJc phan tuT 1^
C4HXO2. Viet cdc cong thiJc ca'u tao thu gpn cua cdc chat dd.
CH3
CH3
^ ,
CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH
,:u
;.
CH3-CH2-CH2-NH-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH-NH2
CH3-CH2-NH-CH2-CH3
6. Cac phan
uTng
e) CH2=CH2 + H2O
'
C H 3 - C H 2 - N - C H 3 ,m--m
I
"
CH3
roi den C 4 H , 0 ,
^-i^-^-. f i C t e l t )
1
(iij
Bai
'
> 4 C + lOHF
+ H20
CfiHsBr + HBr
h) CH3OH + HCl
CH3CI + H2O
b) Phan iJng c p n g
e) Phan iJng c p n g
f)
g) Phan
ifng
tach
Phan iJng t h e
'
7. Dtfa vao t i n h chat hoa hoc cua CH2=CH2 v a CH^CH (da h o c d Idp 9). Hay
Br2, H2 va cho biet nhufng nhdm nguyen tuT nao trong phan tuf cua hai h d p cha't
tren da gay nen cac phan u'ng dd.
C, H , O). Chaft nao thupc loai hidrocacbon, cha't nao thuQC loai dan xuat cua
'
C4H,oO
Viet phiTdng trinh hoa hoc khi cho CH3-CH=CH-CH3 va C H 3 - C ^ - C H 3 lac dung vdi
C4HyCl.
3. Cho ba hdp chat : A (cau tao tit C, H); B (cau tao tuf C, H, N); C (cau tao tit
hidrocacbon.
b) C4HX + H2O
mhh,'\'vt;^5"*
CH3-CH-NH-CH3
^'ihiyii, 'I'l-iM
C2H5CI + HCl
) C2H4 + H C l d) 2 C 2 H 5 0 H ^ ^ C 2 H 5 0 C 2 H 5
g) C4HH, + 5F2
,'',:v'A,; tvifi^i^; nvA
'.HDsHD v';^;
HCOO-CH-CH3.
sau day thuOc l o a i phan iJng nho ? (phan iJng the, phan iJng
c) CzHsCl
uhi^t^ya:f"
CH
CH3-C-CH3^"'
I
CH3
CH3-CH2-COOCH3
CH
Bai
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2
CH3-CH-CH2-NH2
CH3-CH-COOH
CH3-CH-CH2-CI
, ,
CH3
a) C2H6 + CI2 ^
CH3-COO-CH2-CH3 ;
ir
HCOO-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-C-CH3
. ,
CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Br2
,..,:( ;
Br
Br
B va C la dan xuat cua hidrocacbon v i ngoai hai nguyen to C, H cdc hcJp chat B,
CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + H2
'hi:
,'
'
1;,) j i l
a) Trong cac hdp chaft sau. hc(p chat n^o la hffu c d , hcJp cha't nao la v 6 c d CH4,
CHCI3. C2H7N, H C N , CHjCOONa, C,2H220|,, f C2H3Cl}-, AI4C3.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
Br
*
. r i . V H , ? 5ni;.,.> ; y.>t3ffi.;*):.!
0;| ^0ktxi-nUym''
Br
''
....,:...; ,
|..^.l^:,
b) Chat nao sau day la hidrocacbon ? la dan xuat cua hidrocacbon : CH2O, C2H5Br,
CH2O2, CfiHsBr, CfiHfi, CH3COOH.
CH3-C^C-CH3 + 2H2
Gidi
a) H d p c h a t h i ? u c d : C H 4 , C H C l 3 , C 2 H 7 N . C H 3 C O O N a , C , 2 H 2 2 0 , i , { C 2 H 3 C l } .
Hdp chat v 6 c d : H C N , AI4C3.
b) Hidrocacbon: CfiHfi.
Dan xua't cua hidrocacbon : CH2O, C2H5Br, CH2O2, CfiHjBr, CH3COOH.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
Bai
8. Viet phufdng trinh hda hoc cua cdc phan iJng xay ra trong cac triTdng hdp sau
va cho biet cac phan u'ng dd thuQC loai phdn uTng n^o (phan vJng the, phan uTng
cpng, phan u'ng tach).
Phan dgng vji phuong phap giSi H6a hgc 11 HDu co - D8 XuSn Hung
a) Etilen tac dung vdi hidro c6 N i lam xuc tdc va dun n6ng.
b) Dun n6ng axetilen d 600"C vdi bgt than lam xuc tac thu diTdc benzen.
i f . . i J
;^W;> ;
ii
c) Dung dich ancol etylic d ^ lau ngoSi khong khi chuy^n thanh dung dich axit
axetic (giam an). t i >
CH5N
/ :i0-.-,^K;; ,
b)
600 C
r); .^ <.':
,.
CH,
CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-O-CH3
(7)
CH2CI-CH2-CH3
va) C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 2 - O H ( 9 )
: H ' : ) fjv
Gidi
^.rf
(7), (3)
Anr^iiJ'
]ifh
f , . ' I I }H
(5).
ijik
I'-'iy--
'^".i-r.,
Gidi
If/
C T electron
H
CH3CI
H:C:C1
"
CTCT
...
"
'
H-c-ci
,
^-v:'^5'-
/-^'ii^gj-..4; H::)---?:HD +
H
CH4O
H:CJO:H
H
H - C - O - H
hoSc
diTdi day, nhCTng chat nao la dong phan cua nhau ? Nhffng chat nao la dong d i n g
H a y vie't cong thufc cau tao khai trien v a cong thiJc cau tao thu gon nhat cula c a c
CTPT
CH3CN
=N
B a i 11. Dong phan la gi ? The nao la nhffng chat dong d i n g ? Trong so nhuTng chat
. <h.
a)
H-C-C=N
CH3CN
C H 3 C I , C H 4 O , C H 2 O , CH5N.
"^'H^;-^''
1 1
/ Iq i H u
a) H a y viet cong thufc electron v a cong thiJc c a u tao c ^ c phan tuT sau : > ~ . , r ) i }f'3 , *
0-C-C-H
'
B a i 10.
b)
hoac
411 X
I', /
CH3COOC2H5
(6)ii'i(t)
fi'0--i
CH3COOCH2-CH3
H-c-c
(4)
>1 (3
(5)
\M ^m)hWfm--\0-
CH3-CH=CH2
hoac
H-C-C
^IM;;; + QI-.^
CH3-CHO
? /
CH3CHO
CH3-CH-CH3
(1)
hoac
AAA
ill
CH,
CH3-CH=CH2
H-C-C=C-H
C3H6
B a i 9 . Cho cac chat sau, nhffng chat nao la dong d i n g cua nhau ? NhCng cha't nao la
CH.
c) C2H5OH + 02(kk)
CH3-CH3
C T C T khai trien
CTPT
b)
3CH=CH
,, ,
1 H-(j:-N-H
H:C:N:H
H
' a) CH2=CH2 + H2
H-C=0
H:C::0:
CH20
'^f '
' '
cua nhau ?
CH3
a) C H 3 - C H 2 - C H = C H 2
b) C H 3 - C H = C H 2
c) I
^ I ^
CH2 CH2
..i,..J^'p
'f':''f(\f
.'/"iiV;'
lyi- V / y . i
'
d) C=CH2.
CH,
^han dang
)) V i e l c o n g thu'c ca'u t a o c 6 t h e c d c u a c a c d o n g d a n g c u a a n c o l e t y l i c c d c o n g
thu'c p h a n tuT C s H x O v a C4H|0.
I) *
C2H6O:
CH3-CH2-OH
C3H6O:
CH3-CH2-CHO;
CH3-O-CH3
CH2=CH-CH2-OH;
CH2=CH-0-CH3;
KHAJgG VIET
Bai 13. NhCng cha't nao sau day la dong d i n g cua nhau, dong phan cua nhau ?
a) C H 3 - C H = C H - C H 3
b) C H 2 = C H - C H 2 - C H 3
c) C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 3
d) C H 2 = C H - C H 3
e) C H 3 - C H = C H - C H 2 - C H 3
g)
CHg = C H - C H - C H 3
OH
!
CH3-C-CH3 ;
C4H,,,:
CH
^ \
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 ;
P"2-CH2
I ., . ,
*
h) C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 3
CH3-CH-CH3
IB.'IV
Gidi
M
*
C2H4O2:
hay
hay
^,
*
H
H
CI
CHg - C H O
^>|ri;
i;^
CjHsO :
b)
*C2H,:
hay
CHiCHCl:
^..
C4H,oO;
1,
ir
CH2CI-CH2CI.
V , ,
"
.'
*CHCl3:
"
' ,
V
CI
*C2H50H:
\
H..iii|C-C-*H
\
H
OH
: Hut
2.
(Xide (tiiih
it/ ed mat
,,
lu/mjeu
i ) -f;>i.-vJ.(}v--
.'4\
, ,
^ BAI
TAP
,,, r
MAU
'<
ta, thanh
jli^f,!)
ym
C.
iihal
VA
.
BAI TAP
plidit
IJ,Ofni
W r
NANG
trmtq
j.^j;,^;^
CAO
Bai 1. Oxi h6a ho^n toan 0,6g hdp chat hi?u cd A thu duTdc 0,672 lit CO2 (dktc) v j
CH3-CH2-CH2OH ;
CH^-CH-CHg
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2OH
0,72g H2O. Tinh thanh phan % khoi liTdng cua cac nguyen to trong phan tuf cha't A.
Gidi
CH,-CH,-CH-CH
3 v^xa2
^~^'^'-3
OH
OH
CHg - C - C H 3 ;
Gidi
H
H
\ .
H'HilICC-*H
r,
V
\1 t : : . i t h , < / H
H
hay
in
*
c v a i . ^-
iftrfj
Dcuia
H H
.) *
CH3OH
a)
. i j, 1
. .
iA''VA;(THi,v.H-C-C-H
I
I
CI CI
".. , .',
HO^
i . i a i i ! K u H f i i d q s n o b i i i uVifi } b j j r f M f i
C2H4CI2: H - C - C - C I
H
e va g;
14.
HCOOCH3
hay
H
.,
.&i
H-O-C-C
5fs|.;y'|a)(jl sS wi?
CH3COOH
^0-H
, H-^-O-C-H
a va b ;
h.
H-C-C
H
Bai
O
*
H-c-ci
Si I'lfU.
i ) C H 3 - C H 2 - C_ nH- iC^ H
n .3
o ..
I
CH,
CH2CI2:
-)
CH3
viul^h^
m c = 1 2 . n e o , ^ 1 2 . ^ = 0.36(g)^
'
'AO. *
CH3 - C H - C H 2 O H .
mH = 2 . n H , o = 2 . ^ = 0,08(g)
"
"i'^
njo! r , -
Phan d?ng va phudng ph^p giSi H6a hpc 11 HQu co - D8 XuSn Hung
Gidi
% C = ^ x l O O % = 60%
%H=
0,6
Khoi lifdng binh chiJaH2S04 tang them 1,8Img chinh la mH20=>mH20 =1.81mj
Khoi liTdng binh chiJa K O H tang them 10,56mg chinh la m c o , => "^C02
jriH./,
:>
0.6
^rNw
- f i r Ji'''J"
;if^;r.^:jf:>....ft,-:.,
Bai 2. Tinh khoi lifdng mol phSn tuf cua cdc chat sau :
jj,;.,
^0,56 mi
^^
,,,,,
1,81
mH = 2 . ^ = 0,2 (mg)
18
10,56
1 2 . ^ ^ ^ = 2,88(mg);
44
0 55 4 92
mc=
.I
mN(4,92.g)
Gidi
a) dA/kk = ^
= 2,07 ^
'^''''^
M A = 29.2.07 = 60 (dvC).
'^''''^
^g^,, . ^ . ^
=> Thanh
2,88phan % khoi lifdng
^ x l O O % = 58.54%
4,92
%H =
b) Ta c6: no2 = ^ ^ = 0,055 mol => nA =
32
= 0,055 m o l = > M A =
=
0,055
60 (g/mol).
dtrng C a C l 2 khan va binh dUng NaOH, thay binh diTng CaCla tSng them 0,194g,
x 100% = 4.065%
4.92
%N = ^
Bai 3. Dot chay hoan toan 0,282g hdp chat hiJu cd A, san pham sinh ra cho qua binh
X 100% = 11,18%
binh dufng NaOH tSng them 0,8g. Mat khac dot chay liTdng chat A tren thu difdc
Bai 5. Hai chat hffu cd A va B ciing chtJa cac nguyen to C, H , O. K h i dot chay moi
22,4ml khi nitd (dktc). Xac dinh thanh phan % khoi liTdng cac nguyen to trong A.
chat deu phai dung mOt lifdng oxi b^ng 8 Ian lifdng o x i c6 trong moi chat va thu
Gidi
difdc lifdng khi CO2 va H2O theo t i le khoi lifdng CO2 so vdi khoi lifdng nuTdc =
" Cho san pham chay qua binh dtfng CaCb : mi = 0,194g =>mH20 =0'194g
= Qua binh dirng N a O H :
0.2
. Xac dinh cong thiJc ddn gian nhat cua m o i chat ? ' ' '
'''
= o,22(g);
44
0 0224
"Nz =
'" -
' .V
= 0.001 (mol)
.^-Wi^
= 0,02 (g)
18
. ^ . J'
1.
mw = 0,001 x 28 = 0,028 (g) .
CUM '
Theo dieu ki?n de bai thi A, B la hai chat dong phan cua nhau.
mH = 2. ^
t
|
"**'*^
% H = - ^ ^ x 100% = 7,09%
, vi^ u u u
0,282
fu,.// iu;.'>fi
: ^ % 0 = 4,97%.
"
O2
"Mrira?-
mco,
22
^ =
^'.-YV .^'^'^
> XCO2 + - H j O
2
(1)
'IK''-
44x
22
44x 22
.
= <=>
= =>y = 2x
y
9
9y
9
pham Ian liTdt qua binh chiJa H2SO4 dam dac, binh chiJa K O H thi thay khoi
liTdng binh chiJa H2SO4 dSc tang them 1,8 Img,
y
x + ^^
4
y
z
Theo de : 32 x + - - - = 8 x l 6 z <:>4x + y = 1 8 z
.
4
2)
i x O , | ijiitt
^^"f^^^^^
'
,, ,,
, 1 .
%N=
" "
m, = 0,8g=> m c o , = 0.8g
mc=12.M
,...s^fM)ixSk^^^^^
^,^^^,
'
10,56mg. d thi nghie m khac, khi nung 6,15mg hdp chat A do v d i CuO thi thu
Tac6til$
x : y : z = 3z:6z:z = 3:6: 1
difdc 0,55ml (dktc) k h i nitd. Hay xdc djnh h^m liTdng phan trSm cua C, H , O va
Vay cong thiJc ddn gian nhat cua hai chat la CsHeO.
'
N d hdp chat A.
1
Phan djing va phuong ph^p giai H6a hpc 11 HOu co - Dfi Xuan Hung
B a i 6. Vitamin A (retinol) c6 c6ng thiJc phan tuf C2()H3()0, vitamin C c6 cong thiJc
phan tur la CfiHsOfi.
a) Vie't cong thiJc ddn gian nhat ciia moi chat.
'li,, ,.
b) Tinh t i 1? % ve kho'i li/dng va t i ie % so' nguyen tur cua cac nguyen to d vitamin
A va vitamin C.
Gidi
"
Ta
,0
' '
7.
Ta c6 t i le
'
% m c = - ^ ^ ^ x 100% =83.92%
286
% m H = x l O O % = 10,49%
286
%mc =
6x12
X
'
^ '
'
'
a) 70,94%C;
6,4%H;
b) 65,92%C;
7,75%H;
6,9%N;
, , ,,
100% = 40,9%
,
i .1'
'
""' ^
'
^.1
lih
"^^'^'
.!| w ' i
% n H = x l O O % =58,82% ^
ii'-.^''.
% n c = - - x l 0 0 % =30%
20
:y :z
VHJO
70,94%
6,4%
14
|.i
12
16
14
,
12:13:2:1
;
, ,
5,49:7,75:1,64 = 1 0 : 1 4 : 3
16
CO2 sinh ra vao dung dich ni/dc voi trong 0,1M thi difdc 8g ket tua v^ dung dich
Y . nho tiep dung dich NaOH v^o dung dich Y thi difdc 3,5g ket tua nffa. Xac
^,
Gidi
Tac6:
Gidi
^
di'
^ ^
5,91:6,4:0,985:0,49=
(TrichTSDHSuphamKythu^tTP.HCM)
^
I.'
15,76%. 6,9%
D$tCTTQcuaA:C,HyO,.,^^,'v.
'
Bki 9. Dot chdy ho^n loan 4,6g mpt hdp chat huTu cd A thu diTdc 3,6g H2O. Dan khi
dieu k i ^ n nhit dp, ip suat). T i m cong thiJc ddn gian nha't cua A .
'jiinod:?^'^ ni'^q
^ 6 5 ^ . 7 J 5 % ^ 2 M 3 % ^
12
f'
Z^:.-
;o
'..r
rion
'
- ^.^^^
''
' '
b t
'
.i-n
'I f
t , ; , c o n lai la oxi.
- ,
( M = 176)
176
B a i 8. Hay thict lap cong thiJc ddn gian nhat tCf cac .so lieu phan tich sau :
! .r^:^^^^'":^ M
^ '
(2)
3
X
x :y :z= x : ^x : ^ = 2 :3 : 1
''''' '
-'*^>;':'-
3x
y =
(1)
JL,^1
''H20
XCO2 + y H j O
2)
=> z =
2
16z
12x
<=>
V,C O 2 _ 4
CO :
y
X +
.fr,,s^^i,r^: ' : - t f
i
;
m H = 2 . = 0,4g
18
C O 2 + Ca(0H)2
0,08 mol
> C a C O j i + H2O
0,08 mol
Phan djing va phudng phip giSi H6a hpc 11 HQu co - D8 Xuan Hifng
> Ca(HC03)2
0,035 mol
2CO2 + C a ( O H ) 2
0,07 mol
^
' '
(DoMig 3.
Ca(HC03)2 + 2NaOH
>
C a C O j i + Na2C03 + 2H2O
0,035mol
'
0,035mol
' '
yi';
'
=
12
16
.
^
,
. M M ; M=
i,^
12
, ,
^i/a
ke)
-v^''
;H''i?i',fl!
;Civ^,ii' / j ;
S'
d i n M T {a
y,C:VOl A f i t ! i p ^ ^ ) ; >,
22,4
:>iA,..,.f= , r | . v . o . H ; : >
Khoi liTdng mol phan tuT A: M = 21 x 2 = 42 => mA = 0,25 x 42 = 10,5 (g)
16,8
Khoi lifdng cac nguyen to': mc = 12. ^ ^ ^ ^ = 9 (g)
j
22,4
,tyr
.35
06/
mH = 2 . - ^ = 1,5 (g)=:> mo = 1 0 , 5 - 9 - 1 , 5 = 0
nl",.i,,
^
1 I'M '
J,
11* 1!
1
12 1
mol
,:'S*C,d,^ ,S'dt<ci_, :ki2,
C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 O H + Na
'
Gidi
iah-) ~iSi i i l r f i y \M J
b) Tinh thanh phan % khoi lifdng cua moi chat trong hon hdp.
5 g
So mol chat hu-u cd A : n = ^ = 0,25 (mol)
a) Vie't phifdng trinh hoa hoc cua cac phan iJng xay ra.
X mol
i <-
> C2H50Na+-H2
va 13,5g, H2O. Xac dinh cong thiJc phan tuT cua A biet t i khoi so v d i hidro la 21
, , v.
va propan-l-ol C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 O H tac dung vdi natri drfthu diTdc 1,12 l i t khi (dktc).
a) C2H50H + Na
ocLO^
Bai 1. Dot chay ho^n toan 5,6 lit chat hiJu cd A d t h i tich k h i thu difdc 16,8 lit CO2
16
Bai 10. K M cho 5,3 gam hon hdp gom etanol C2H5OH
<T)t/a
BAITAPMAU
^,,ffV
1'
i;
> CHsCHzCHzONa + ^ H ,
2
Taco:
14n = 42 ^
,.. . l , ^
n = 3. V $ y CTPT A : C 3 H . .
'^''-^'^^^-^^-^ >
.,,
^
Bai 2. Limonen la mot chat c6 mdi thdm diu difdc tdch tilf tinh dau chanh. Ke't qua
phSn tich nguyen to cho thay limonen diTdc cau tao tiJ hai nguyen to C va H ,
S^molH2:
n H , = - ^ = 0,05 = ^ + y
' Vv:-..viv.c. * 0 ( ) ( . . X ) ^ '
^
22,4
2 2 ^^_,,,,iii,3,jto.tfOr{iiM3Mp^
Ta c6 h? phudng trlnh :
trong do C chiem 88,235% ve khoi lifdng. T i khoi hdi cua limonen so v d i khong
, ,, ^,
khi gan b^ng 4,69. Lap cong thiJc phan tuT cua hmonen.
r^^-i&m 3^,*
''"'^^'^
!:>tU^ J l f l n
=>%CH3CH2CH20H = 56,61%."""
i b i i J(? M
a.!,wsFi
ft?..,,
^ .,. .fltfc^
'
Gidi
- + ^ = 0,05
fx = 0,05 (mol)
. s ; y . K
2 2
=> <
"
<cn
C O
y = 0,05 (mol)
46x + 60y = 5,3
.t,*
veV
12
" ^
,,
.
,
'^'^'''^^'^^'^'''^^'^^^^
= 7,353 : 11,765 = 5 : 8
.
t.;.,,iV
-:7-.,S'*jim'V;-&.rfiT
Tacd:
.v
(5 x 12 + 8)n = 136=> n = 2
V,t> - '
i
"
"A 9
17
Phan dgng va phuong phap giSi H6a hoc 11 Hau co - P i Xuan Hung
Bai 3. Dot chay 100ml hdi cha't hffu cd A chtfa ba nguyen to C, H , O v d i 450ml O 2
^j^:.2:21 = 0,77:0,77
x:y=
= 1:1
=> C T c d ' d a u ^ H )
la'y dff trong khi nhien ke. Sau phan ffng the tich hon hdp khi va hdi thu difdc
650ml. Sau khi cho hdi nffdc ngffng tu hon hdp chi con 350ml va sau khi cho Igi
Ta c6 :
b) Theo de ta c6 :
tiep qua N a O H chi con 50ml. Xac dinh cong thiJc phan tuf cua A .
Gidi
'
^H20
;-.,.X ,<'):H
Vco2 = 3 5 0 - 5 0 = 300ml
= 2,15 (ja0
18
80
=> m c = 12. = 21,81 (mglr
44
2,24
iT'
'M'
)'"'''''
= 6 5 0 - 3 5 0 = 300ml
Dat C T T Q cua
y - zx +
4
100ml
1'
rt
XCO2 + ^ H j O
O,
2
300ml
(mg)
300ml
'
h
lili,
)i
Dat C T T Q : C ^ H y N , . Ta c6 t i 1? :
' '
21,81
x:y:z
2,15
4,24
, ^
^ ,^
; b 0 ',
OS!
= : : = 1,82 : 2,15 : Q B
300
,:;;
y = 6
;-
= 6 : 7 : 1
100
x + i - - = 4;
4 2
Jri^ f)^?'
V I trong phan tuf chi chffa mgt nguydn tuf nitd =>-m=^U.''' ' "P '^^ "'^^i !
2.300
m C6H7N.
-"5' < ^
T h e x = 3,y = 6 = > z = 1
mc : mH : mo = 2,24 : 0 , 3 5 7 ^ ^ ' -
Bai 4. Hay thie't lap cong thiJc phan tuf hdp chat hffu cd trong m o i trifclng hdp sau :
a) Dot chdy ho^n toan lO.OOmg hdp chat hCu cd Y sinh ra 33,85mg CO2
6,95mg
H2O. T i khoi hdi cua hdp chat Ad doi v d i khong khi la 2,69.
b) Dot chay hoan toan 28,2mg hdp chat hffu cd Z vk cho cdc san pham sinh ra Ian
Iffdt d i qua cac binh dtfng CaClz khan va K O H dff thi thay binh CaCl2 tSng them
ra 2,24ml khi nitd (dktc). Biet rkng phan tuf chat d6 chi chffa mpt nguyen tijf nitd.
' '''''''
J\
^
'
tii
^^^^
;
W '
,
^
l a t ' (1,1 t . i ( j f i 1
,, , V M , H
i .v^
'
' i
a) Dat C T T Q c a a X : C x H A . T a c 6 t i l $ :
12 1 16 "
12
If
18
Tacd:
^ ^ 2 7 3
273
Jj
,:,|*^^'
'
"
^^ u /
frf^iwlspft.!
v
, ,
M x = ^ - = 74
0,0135
(3 x 12 + 6 + 2 x 16)n = 74
'
-16.
:
>, r
'
= 0,77 (mg)
'
'
"
b) Xdc dinh cong thffc phSn tff ciia X biet 1 gam J i ^ l a m bay hdi c6 t h ^ t i c h
19,4mg con binh K O H tSng them SOmg. M a t khac, khi dot 18,6mg chat do sinh
mH = 2.
;;a . J
,f
x =3
_L=_y
100
t'i
400ml
1
100
'
A la C x H y O ^ .
C,H0, +
Ta c6:
;,,,, ;,,
=> mH = 2.
= 19,4mg
mco2=80mg
^
VHJO
,. ,
19 4
''
uir = 50ml
,
< ,
(^.,
=i> n = 1
r'ff) c
! >
19
Bai 6 . TO tinh dau hoi, ngi^di ta tach difdc anetol, mpt chaft thdm du"dc diing de san
xuat keo cao su. Anetol c6 khoi lifdng mol phan tuf bang 148g/mol. Phan tich
nguyen to cho thay anetol c6 %C = 81,08%; % H = 8 , 1 % ; con lai la oxi. Llipcong
thuTc ddn gian nhat va cong thiJc phan tuf cua anetol.
i
Gidi
, , . :
CO
:y :z
12
81,08%
=
16
8 , 1 % 10,82%
:
C,Hy
400cm^
=>n=l,^>r
VH, W,rrt''i
-'Kiisn'
H2O
-O2 d i O
QHyO, +
200ml 900ml
1300ml
condt/
con dir
900
Vco^ = 7 0 0 -
Vr
1'
ml
J
VH^O = 1 3 0 0 - 7 0 0 = 6 0 0 m l
200
=> X = 3;
on
(x4~)02
4
2^
: V.
V 0 2 phan tfng :
Ml i ^
*h nJ^I
z = 1
XCO2 +
= 400+
' , -
^ H2O
= 7 0 0 c m ' M'u
, ,,.
cm'
=>
^CxHy
Vco2
: VH^Q = 2 0 0 : 7 0 0 : 4 0 0 : 6 0 0 = 2 : 7 : 4 : 6
2CxHy
7O2
-A-
4CO2 +
6H2O
2x = 4
x =2
2y = 6.2'
y =6
=> C T P T c u a A l a : C 2 H 6
Bai 9. Cho 5 c m ' C,Hy d the khi v d i 30 c m ' O2 (lay diT) vao khi nhien ke. Sau khi
XCO2 +
bat tia lufa di^n va lam lanh, trong khi nhien ke con 20 c m ' ma 1 5 c m ' bi hap thu
- H 2 O
bdi dung dich K O H . Phan con l a i bi hap thu bdi photpho. T i m CTPT cua
, 1
Gidi
800
y = 6 va
= 200
! CAM
hidrocacbon.
^
2^H20
100 = 8 0 0 ml
100 = 6 0 0
700
f !
->
1
+
O;!!,
Vco2
Ta cd t i 1?:
C,Hy
Vo^phintfng
400cm
800cm
s!i>
"'fH:;
100ml
700ml
qsoflq ,i
(x + ^ - - ) 0 2
VojphanJng
=>
O2
N2
02dir
s, . . j
Tacd:
K O H dac
dd KOH
N2
'J ii'ii
V ( 0 2 c 6 n d U + N 2 ) = 400 c m '
O2
dir
CO2
Tiep theo cho qua dung dich K O H dac chi con 100ml (cac the tich do d cUng
m'kA +
- H2O
h6n hdp khi thu di/dc 1^ 1,3 lit. Sau khi cho hdi nifdc ngiftig tu, chi con 700ml.
ngtfngtu . C O 2
O2 dif
- H2O
N2
Bai 7. Dot chay 200ml hdi 1 chat Mu cd A chiJa C, H, O trong 900ml O2, the tich
-CO2
ngutig tu
1400cm ^
900cm^
( t j >l 3 K
H20
^02
\'
t"
16
+ O? dU
(A)
N2
12
= 6,8 : 8,1 : 0 , 6 8 = 10 : 12 : 1
Taco:
Giai
rco2
%C % H % 0
t i 1? :
D. C,u,
C.C2H6
B.CH4
'
"
8 0 0 c m ^ tiep tuc cho qua dung dich K O H thi con 4 0 0 cm"\T cua A la:
A.C2H4
The tich hon hdp sau phan iJng la 1,4 lit. Sau khi cho hdi nufdc ngung tu thi con
... ,.,,,
M = 148g/mol.
Dat CTTQ : Q H y O ,
Bai 8 . Trpn 4 0 0 cm^ hon hdp hdp chat Mu cd A va nitd vdi 9 0 0 c m ' oxi duf roi dot.
''W^^^'i'^'^
phan ifng =
30
5 = 25
d^ =
2 0 - 15 = 5 c m '
cm'
21
^ u a n g trinhphan tfngchdy:
B a i 1. Mot hdp chat hilu cd A chuTa 5 4 , 8 % C ; 4,8%H; 9,3%N con lai la O. Cho biet
Q H y + (x + ^,)02 ->-xC02
+ ^HzO
phn tuf khoi cua nd la 1 5 3 . X a c dinh c6ng thiJc phan tuf cua hdp chat. V i sao
phSn tuf khoi cua c&c hdp chat chtfa C , H, O la s6' chn ma phan tuf khoi ciia A
lai la so' le (khong ke phan thap phan) ?
25
. *, |,
Gidi
15
% 0 = 1 0 0 % - 5 4 , 8 % - 4 , 8 % - 9 , 3 % = 3 1 , 1 % irfJN ^
aki^Ii'ban dau, H2O ngiteg tu he't, thu diTdc 20 cm^ hSn hdp khi, trong 66 c6 10
B..C2H7N
C.C3H9N
D.C4H,|N
/dijoo^bjri
BtV:r'rs-r? ;
tsdl^Oz. Bat tia liJa di$^nn:ho hon hcfp no. Chuyen hSn hcJp khi nhan diTdc ve dieu
Wff bi NaOH hap thu vi'S cm^ hi photpho hap thu. C T P T cua A la:
MA =153
B ^ O : Cho vao khi nhiSnske 10 cm^ ch^it hffu cd A (chiJa C . H , N), 25 cm^ H 2 va 40
"ATCHsN
X:y :z :t
54^, 4 ^ , 3 U . 9 ^
12
i^^' '
16
14
= 4 , 5 7 : 4 , 8 : 1,94 : 0,66 = 7 : 7 : 3 : 1
a,!
CO2
Phan tuf khoi cua A la so le vl nguyen to nitd c6 h6a tri 16 => nguyen tuT H la so
N2
20 cm'
hdp khi thu dtfdc sau khi dot la 1400ml. Sau khi cho hdi niTdc ngifng tu thi con
=> n = 1
40^^A(C,H,N)
153n= 153
800ml hon hdp ngi/di ta cho loi qua dung dich K O H tha'y con 400ml khi. Xac
v>v'
dinh cong thiJc phan tuf cua hidrocacbon tren, biS't the tich cic khi deu do d ciing
= 2 0 - ( 5 + 10) = 5 cm'
f(,5fV( tO.O
Giai
25
3
Wolchayhkiro) = - = 12,5 Cm
^ .-iih b:) e l
CxHy +
'
y^
x + - O2
4
x+y
4
ax
XCO2
+ ^ H j O + - N 2 feolriniasOTbqA
2
2
=400-a
Theo de bai ta c6 :
VH20 = 1400-800 = 600ml =
fod
,rii'i\i!.>..iO-;I,vrt
= > A : C : H : N = 2 : 2 :40 : 2 = 1 : 1 : 5 : 1
C T P T cua A la CH5N
',m
,ix^
'.},>'i i(6o;iT
c #
^, j, |,
11
X ^ I
4
V o 2 d ^ + V N 2 =400
<* 9 0 0 - x + y a + 4 0 0 - a = 400
4;
23.
Phan dgng va phuong ph^p giai H6a hpc 11 HQu eo - B5 Xufln Hung
Vaytacd:
ay = 1200
Vivi
ax
(1)
= 400
Ta CO :
(2)
a = 900-a
'
,
'
= 2
'ii#iffc
fSsirj
a = 200ml
X
'^Iv;
,fy^
Vjnv'i/i) bl u, ii
m.P
'fli s.i'
Sdmol A :
HA = ^
=
= 0,01 ( m o l ) '
RT
0,082.(100 + 273)
,A.,,
phan tuTcua A biet d the hdi; l,8g chat A chiem the tich bang the tich cua 0,8g oxi
cung dieu ki?n.
, _ ^
Gidi
\l f
0,05 mol
1'' I
.', .
'HW
nllt
S6'molN2:
, .
,^^,^,
..
So mol O2 da diing :
,
1,1
= 0,05 (mol)
n^^ =
137
>: ,A f,Mb ^ ; T T
. '
^ n ) -
n ^ = ^
= 0,005
0,082.(30 + 273)
,,vi'
.^U|
, 1,
, v, * +
; ^;
'
'
0,84
0,07
0,32
0,14
12
16
14
+ 7-f
^^
-i.;:t ,...,..H,,D
Tacd:
(7 x 12 + 7 + 32 + 14)n = 137
n= 1
= 0,2 (mol)
22,4
,.(;./
y
x + - - - O2 ^ XCO2+ ^ H 2 0 iTt'rf aftd U^;^(m.
4 2
mi&jB'jof{):,ii
~.tciq atfrti ;ii'n>;!-> idofsi
y z
0,05
0,05x
o,05.^'-'^''^^''^'^^^*^^
x + ^^
4 2
'
1,8
=
0,01
T a c o : m c = 12. = 0,84(g); mH = 2.
= 0,07 (g)
44
18
> J, ,
'1
lit
;,(]
^^^'^'^
Aii:'.b: YSH ^
T i m cong thiJc
Khoi lifdng mol A : M A =
32
T ;
0,8
,!' i ' , , , / , .
= 2
bay hdi d 100"C va 1 atm thi the tich thu diTdc la 306ml.
>]::
Bai 3. Dot chay hodn toan 3,6g chat huTu cd A (C, H , O) b^ng 4,48 lit O2 (dktc) thu
nA =
= 4;z
,
Ta CO :
= 3;y
0,126 l i t N2 (30"C va 75 cmHg). Xac dinh cong thiJc phan tuT A . B i e t l,37g A cho
= "''r;i'
=>x
Bai 4. Dot chay hoan toan l,37g chat hufu cd A thu diTdc 3,08g CO2; 0,63g H2O va
lli
,:ut}
y =6
,r!
(3)
G l a i ( l ) , (2), (3)
4
72 = 12x + y + 16z <=> 12x + - x + 16(8 - 2x) = 72
^ >
AX'kD
-^'''-^ "
s^HOkJ ^
Bai 5. Tri^dc kia, "pham do" dung de nhupm do cho^ng cho cac Hong y gido chu
CO2
diTdc tdch chie't tijf mpt l o ^ i oc bien. Do la mpt hdp cha't cd th^nh phan nguyen to
H2O
nhiTsau :
O2 dir
Theo d l
Vco2 = 3 d u
"^C02
11
^ =
"29
<=>
"'rrtU:
y
z
x + - - - 0,05
4 2
0,05x = 3 0 , 2 -
44.0,05x
11
18.0,05 yi
'"""-'2
K; v':
(1)
b) Phi/dng phdp phd khdi liTdng cho biet trong dd phan tuT "pham do" cd chiJa hai
nguyen tur brom. Hay xac dinh cong thufc phan
Gidi
1'X)9iaf;^j(_'^^,,V
=> y = - X .
The v a o ( l ) => z = 8 - 2 x
cua nd.
, _
=> - = 1 ^ = -
tiJf
45,7
7,6
6,7
38,1
12 1 16
1,9
14
80
=' '
'hSn dgng vk phtwng ph^p giSi H6a hpc 11 HOu CO - D8 Xuan Hung
Vay cong IhiJc ddn gian nhat cua pham do la C K H 4 0 N B r .
j) V i phan tuf chiJa hai nguyen tuf Br nen A c6 dang (CsH40NBr)2.
Vay C T C T cua pham do la CfiHxOsNsBra.
Bai 6. Dot chdy hoan loan hon hdp X gom hai hidrocacbon A
B , mach hd cilng
day dong dang. Cho toan bp san pham chay vao 4,5 lit dung dich Ca(OH)2
b + c = 0,09
fb = 0,04 (mol)
[c = 0,05 (mol)
0,02M, thu difdc ke't tua va khoi liTdng dung dich tang 3,78g. Cho dung dich
tua hai Ian la 18,85g. T i khoi hdi cua hon hdp X so v d i hidro < 20. So mol cua A
3ay
'
hay
1 ri 1
-i-2a.
y + 2n
2
-J
Gidi
- = 0,09 (mol)
b^ng 60% tong so m o l cua A va B trong hon hdp X . Cdc phan iJng xay ra hoan
toan. Hay xac dinh cong thiJc phan tuT cua A va B.
1,62
ni
Ba(OH)2 (in vao dung dich thu difdc, ket tua lai tSng them, tong khoi liTdng ket
(7)
Ma ta c6 :
dx/Ha < 20
M x < 40
F
,
;/;,,;,) r;/!':'
I'i'ji'i,
'jLnJ.
>
x + O2
4j
> X C 0 2 + ^ H 2 0
3axmol
! :i
\X
CO2
b mol
Ca(OH)2
b mol
,
+
) Ca(HC03)2
c mol
Ca(HC03)2
y + 2n
H2O
c mol
^,
(3)
v:/M&.n.>n f
(4)
,1-^Ij^A
'
Matkhac :
i^^H
'i^nf-JnM (d
hay
Ta c5 he phifdng trinh :
,..
x =2
V $ y C T P T cua A m C 2 H 2 , B la C 4 H 6 .
, ^
, ,
g, W.
Bai 7. Dot chay ho^n toan m gam chat hiJu cd X chtfa ba nguyen to C , H , O thu
difdc a gam C O 2 va b gam H 2 O , biet a =
va b =
thtfc phan tvl cua X . Biet 3,6g hdi X cd the tich b^ng the tich cua l,76g C O 2 ciJng
-^ ^ .
diluki?n.
Gidi
(6)
n =2
Giai ra ta c6 :
Dat C T T Q cua
Theo (3) va ( 4 ) :
(5)
c mol
"
60x + 5y + 2 8 n < 2 0 0
yJ:M
(H'M-in
Sh(V ;kv.(}:j - { I V
^
,
^, ^,
,/!.,(:), 1-?,":) ; ; l ;
a = 0,01
c mol
Ba(OH)2
(9)
.2a
2 C O 2 + Ca(OH)2
2c m o l
hay
r v + 2nV
' '-'''J'T^^^'ifi^^i
H 2 O (2)
2
1 o.;);'; 1 (x + n)2a
> CaCOs
* M , ',:S: a:
^'
5ax-i-2an = 0,14
>(x + n ) C 0 2 +
<40
(1)
mol
A- 3
C x +nHy +2n + x + + ^ O ,
2
4;
2a mol
) 1'
3ay
3a mol
, , ,
j 'J:\
Li
X : CxHyO,.
22m
T a c 6 : m c = 1 2 . ^ ^ = 0,4m(g);
15.44
=> mo = m 0,4m +
15j
^ 3m
m , .
mH = 2. = ( g )
J-io
8m
I5
(g)
27
Phan dgng
Tacdtil? : X :y : z =
=
12
=> X c6 d a n g (CH20).
Matkhac:
nx = n c o 2 =
=> M x =
-
" '
V$y
,
176
=
0.04 ( m o l )
= 90
30n = 90
Mat
v *
f . ,.t
-'
nay v a o 125ml d u n g d i c h H2SO4 2 M thi phan axit duT difdc t r u n g h o a vilfa he't bdi
100ml d u n g djch NaOH 3 M .
u> '
rr,
Gidi
"
0,2 m o l
H2SO4
> (NH4)2S04
'
'
> Na2S04
2H2O
^, ,f
'
(1)
x+y
V ' * ( 2 )
" '
2,8
18,6
0,025
'''\
x 100% = 15,05%
, -M
"002
iM)
-!).
O,
/ '
^H20
XCO2 +
=0,025 = 0,1
x =4
y = 8,5
nH2o = 0 , 0 2 5 ^ = 0,10625
... \
'
'
.sfolTOxJl^^
^ 12,6 , , , ,
= 14,4(g); mn = 2 . ^ = l , 4 ( g )
-^^^
rf:^='''^'M ^-^^
:M : M =
12
Bi^n
''"^f"^'* - f*-^^'
Vy A cd CTPT : C 6 H 7 N .
7Sl
14
A cd dang (C6H7N).
Ta cd :
d
, j ., ,,1
= 0,025 mol
0,3 m o l
mc=12.
||,
<y'
^^
nH2SO4(^pu(i)=0,25-0,15 = 0 , l ( m o l )
T
A
Tacd:
d
,
B:C,Hy.
H2SO4 + 2 N a O H
0,1 m o l
0,15 m o l
'''";"'']"/;'';://'''
"NaOH - 0 , 1 . 3 = 0,3 ( m o l )
2NH3
D a t C T P T 2 hydrocacbon tren :
^,
Tacd:
ij(|,;,,,|v)
a) Xac d i n h t h a n h p h a n % N cd trong A .
.... j :
^y
6 bki nay, ta dilng phifdng phap so nguyen tuf H trung bmh ke't hdp vdi phiTdng
''
Bai
Giai
n= 3
v*/rv,-,i.
,,....
c) Neu cho lifdng C O 2 tren vao 100 m l dd K O H 1,3M; Tinh CM muoi tao thanh
0,04
CTPT c u a X m CjHfiOs.
't.
,.,,
'
fiio
pTTO
^^^'^ ^^^^^^''''''^
^
;^
'''^l'
' t<-''
''
C4H2
4
C4H4
>|.ii^||''ai
'
C4H6
C4HS
va
A: C4H4
B:
C 4 H 10
va
A:C4H6
B : C 4 H 10
va
A:C4HH
B : C4HI()
29
PhSn d^ing
phUOng
phAp
11
HOu co -
iJu
Xuan
"CO2
CO2
CO2
Ta c6 :
12,
^ X C*
^'-^
+ 2KOH-> K2CO3
2a
a
+ K0H->KHC03
' i, ,
H2O
(mol)
'ol\ir,';(yr
o: .
^y--'
:r;^:A:q
(mol)
a + b = n c o 2 = 0,1
a = 0,03
2a + b = nKOH = 0 - 1 3
b = 0,07
.'ryj'^fiir's.
^^''^---'.H;:T-ir^VK;(r'
0,07
,. ^.j
Bai 10. Mot hidrocacbon A d the khi c6 the tich gap 4 Ian the tich cda lUU huynh
dioxit CO khoi li/dng tifdng difdng trong cung dieu ki?n. San pham chay cua A
dan qua binh diTng nifdc voi trong diT thi c6 Ig ket tua dong thdi khoi li/dng binh
tang 0,8g. Tim CTPT A.
Tim
MA :
'
=>
MA
= 4"^^"^ => - i - =
MSO2
M A MSO2
(A
SO2 c6
: ^ M A = ^ = ^ = 16
D3tA:QHy
, ("y
', , - e & r i ( .
^.'^-<^V^'^>^^-^.0:>=^j
J ,u
^:^::rG..^-
,;v:,,n|
m-i^= mcaco3 = Ig
nco2 = "CaCOs = 1/100= 0.01mol
"" '
h a/TT! ^ m ) ) J^ri n d i H
=>nc = n c o 2 = 0,01mol
mc = 12.0,01 = 0,12g ^ j , ,^ p ; r ^
,.
m c o j = 0,01.44 = 0,44g
,, , ,^.
^
, ^'[''i rr.^' n|:.)] flfic! ;j\arr'
Ambiii= mco2 + mH20 => mH20 = 0.8 - 0,44 = 0,36g
it
mH = 2
^ =2
^ = 0'04g
"^MS"
m^
nio f 5. vifV
' {
mA
12.mA 12.016
j4Lfi
wV''
| ,
-.fid i '..j;
''A
phdfL
bifii liiati
ri'fj;
' '
'
Bai 1. Dot chdy hoan toan ba hidrocacbon A, B, C c6 ciing so nguyen tuT cacbon ta thu
diTdc ti le C O 2 va H2O c6 gid tri tiTdng iJng la 0,8 : 1 : 2. Xdc dinh cong thiJc phan
tufcua A, B, C.
,
, , ,
^''^^
* ChS't A CO
^\ ^:^...f'n-i"fOt^::r:r Ji^
16.0,12 ,
=
=I
= => X = -
<T)cum 4.
0.;
: ,
MA-mc
VayCTPTA:CH4
f'*;;
(mol)
MA
MA-mH _ 16.0,04 ^ ^
mA " 0,16 "
hyi()
yuni a
m^
'''^
0,03
Xa c6
CnH2n+2 +
Tac6:
: 2L
nH20
r3n+n
.
Gidi S,0
' '
> nC02 + (n + 1)H20 ,^^,]^p y: , , 5 . , ^ f f f ;
- = 0,8 =>n = 4
n+1
,nr
= 2 => n c o 2
= 2nH20
hay
nH20
I:
< "coz
"H2O
.'';|,,,t IS-..-'
..,;U,>../
:/.,'
*
,T
k)H20
,.4:
>
Taco:
=2
... ...
.
Vi A, B, C ciing so cacbcn => n = 4 => k = 3
^ - ; ; if -; '
Vy CTPT cua C m C 4 H 4 .
v t J -
Phan dgng vji phuong pUip giSi H6a hi?c 11 HOu ca - P5 Xuan Hang
(C,
H, O) dung
vUa
(dktc)
va thu diTdc
0,25 mol H 2 O . Xac dinh cong thiJc phan tuT X bie't 70 < Mx < 83.
Tacd:
= =
day dong d i n g , trong dd A hdn B mot nguyen tuT cacbon, ngu'di ta chi thu diTdc
-i
Gidi
H 2 O va 9,24g C O 2 . Bie't ti khoi hdi cua X doi vdi H2 b^ng 13.5. T i m cong thiJc
''''^^
0,3(mol)
B^i 4. Dot chay hoan to^n 3,24 gam hon hdp X gom hai chat hiJu cd A va B khac
'v^;-
/sCt:,
O2
> C O 2
H2O
CO
= mco2
mx +
^^lO
'
=> mco2 = 3 J + 0 , 3 x 3 2 - 0 , 2 5 x 1 8
nco,= =
= 8,8(g),t^uVAttUvWi'.*
miiitm'ti^
7^:=2.4(g),^.,k\'i
Dat
n x = ^
i^li.ii i d 1
i . i ' n
'
* t'f
X : C^HyO,
j J)M . M ?'1
i
^ ii'^
? wH
. j'i
'kU
.-,'
}/0'}.J$i
t^r'^sf^'
<
'
J , I,
A, B, C , D la
; e
3Mt)
CxHyO,.
n2
= 2 ma
. ,
*U
^ = = 1,75
=>3MA + MB=108
Nen A c6 the la
'
'
'
n=,
l l ' = .03ol'
'^Mk^^A^^
--p
MB= 108-3MA>0
C2H2, C2H4
A la C 2 H 2 ( M A = 26)
hoac
=^
Ne\ A la C 2 H 4 ( M A = 28) ^
'i
-V.
'^^m'^:>i^i itik
C2H2,
Wl
''.'iy-^^t
C2H6.
M B = 24 (loai)
B la HCHO
'
'^''"""^
A m C 2 H 6 ( M A = 30) =^ M B = 18 (loai) ^
-V
0,12
'
'
'
'
(CH2O).
%C2H2
,
x_3
*/t.i
2.
T h e o d l : ^ = 1,8333 = . - ^ = 1,8333
n^HzO
18.1
in
M>
^.U5^|a=0.09.oi;l,i^^
y
4
TP HCM, dat 2)
0 2r^'''''-^^^''M'W^^^^^^^
nco,
a + b = 0.12
C T T Q cua
',lin^ nj'
o>,^r, ,Mf
"X
ki moi chat deu chi thu difdc C O 2 va H 2 O ma khoi liTdng C O 2 bang 1,8333 Ian
Dat
TS DHQG
^^^^.^
Ta c6 h? phufdng trinh :
lifdng phan tijf cua chiing lap thanh mot cap so cpng. Khi do't chdy mot lifdng bat
;>:;.,
B a i 3. Cho bon hdp cha't hiJu cd A, B, C, D deu ben, mach cacbon lien tuc, kho'i
Gidi
'
;jif,f'^
'r
'
= 0.12(mol)
O^H"
Vay C T P T c u a X la C 4 H , o O .
0,21(mol)
Ta c6 ti le : X : y : z = : : - 0.2 :0,5:0.05 = 4 : 1 0 : 1
12
1 1 6
Xc6dang(C4H,oO).
Gidi
Kv^^^^^ -
wn^(
f (Trich
8 8
"'^ =
^ h
' ! li
'''ts,,.,,
1 i'
-^.100%
= 72,22%
3,24.
=> % H C H O = 27,78%.
Bai 5. MQt hidrocacbon X cl the khi c6 t i khoi hdi so vdi hidro la 15. Lap cong thiJc
8n < 2 x 3n + 2
n< 1
$^1^:^,
^f
itMra
M x = 1 5 x 2 = 30
V i khoi liTdng phan tuf cua chiing lap thanh mpt cap so cgng nen ta c6 z = 0; 1; 2; 3.
32
CTPT
cua
A, B,
C,
Ian
iMdl Ik :
1 '
Gidi
CJHHOJ.
Tac6:
) . M f y j , i f j , . f ? ^ ( l J f t / . j *KS ) l
'
'
'
'
;
.it-sdatooifc-,? sA :uwz '^XnO m
;/i;,;'Neu
x = l => y = 18 (loai)
(KAqno
xC +
i p i ^ y n s n ^
ivs,t5|vvw;(fa .H n>^.n .A
x = 2 . = > y = 6 (nhan)
, ^
'i'M:
ax ^
sb
vay
, ,,
,^
^.^
Theo de :
2 lit
7,2 l i t
4,8 lit ^ ^
n , daUi mmi
'rr
m^'^'^^^i.:'m
D i n . t Z
,
, ^
Ta CO : m c + m H = 3,5.mo
Hay
12x + y = 3,5.16z
. u u i c i - a ^ ; - * i ,m<n:
(j^i,,,
DHQG, dot
itjU^'dKm^m vi' j f . i o f i <-.'s.i
Giai
' ' '
'
'
&\r> Jlidsj Bhbj, i}rn^ 'rfj;!! ui?
1
'^'7
x
, ^,." Ta c6 t i 1? : - = f=
"'
24
b) Ta c6 t i l ? : - = = HH
4,8
2
c) V I nc = 2,4 = X
j,.^a/rfq
= > H H = 2nc
ho tsT,
44
32
20
-4
(loai)
(loai)
(loai)
nh$n
(loai)
, , "^r ,
(1 - a) la sd'mol C 4 H 8 .
.. ^ j ^ . ^
^ ^.-^.j^ ^
' ^^^w^,/-
liw.^'^*^;*^^^^--^^^
la
iCr ;
cn^ii
C4H8O.
Theo de : X la C H 3 O H , Y la C H 2 = C H - C H 2 0 H .
'
' '
A cd C T C T : C H 3 0 - C H 2 - C H = C H 2 .
T'"
r''"'':^'
^l^^o*c> C H 3 0 - C H 2 - C H = C H 2 + H2O.
B a i 9. Dot c h i y hoan toan 1 hidrocacbon A c i n dilng 28,8g o x i thu dUdc 13,44 lit
^.
CO2 (dktc). B i ^ t t i khd^i hdi cua A doi v d i khong khi l a d v d i 2 < d < 2,5. T i m
CTPTcia A.
=> % V c , H 8 = 2 0 % .
ijOHb
,'.f:ft
y = 56 - 12x
la anken nen n, = 2
N ^ u z = 1=> 12x + y = 56
'
'<AM-.*]i=;:flM:
.^^^
'
=> x = 2 , 4 ; y = 4,8 .
=f "
VH20
H2SO4
Aiaete.
>XCO2+ ^HzO
C4H6.
hdp thl thu difdc A . Xac dinh cong thiJc cau tao mach hcl cua A , X , Y . Biet r i n g
Gmi
O2
la : C2H6, CjHfi,
hai chat dtfng cdch nhau mOt chat trong day dong d i n g .
x+y
y=6
= 3a
a) D a t C T T Q t r u n g b i n h c i i a A l a C - H - .
,
ay
::..,>,,
;fi
;,i-ffM"
-'r-3
Gidi
V I A la hidrocacbon. mi khi 66t chdy 1 hidrocacbon ta lu6n c6:
1
" 0 2 phJntfng - " c o j + 71" H 2 0
2
" H 2 O = 2( n o j phiniTng -
nco2 ) - 2
'28,8
13,44'
, 32
22,4 ,
= 0,6 m o l
KiiAigfiiniirr
13 44
mc=12.nco2= 1 2 . ^ =
Tacd:
D a t C T T Q c u a Y : C^HyO,,
0,48 0,22 1,76
. . . 0,22 0,11 ,^
,,
T a r d t i le : x : Y : z =
:
:
= 0,04:
:
= 12 :22 :11
Tacouie .X y
^
^
^
7.2(g)
(g)
Bai 11.
' i / ^ v ^ ;
B o t chdy hoan toan 0,1 mol hdp chat hCu cd A chi chiJa C, H, O vdi oxi
theo t i 1? mol 1 : 2. Toan bp san pham chay diTdc cho qua binh 1 difng dung dich
pdCl2 dii roi qua binh 2 di/ng dung dich Ca(OH)2 dir. Sau thi nghiem, binh 1 tang
'
'
0,4g va xua't hi^n 21,2g ket tua, c6n binh 2 cd 30g ket tua. T i m cong thiJc phan
' ^'^
/'''^^^
'
tuTcua A.
"^
B a i 10. Oxi hoa hoan loan mpt chat hu^ cd Y can l,28g oxi, chi tao thanh 0,66g
^ ^H20 va l,76g CO2. Cho loan bp san pham sau phdn iJng sue vao 250ml dung
PdCl2 +
H2O
Pd4
COjt
j,, ,
+ 2HC1
; ,^ ,^,,
(1)
dich Ba(0H)2 nong dp a mol/lit thu diTdc b gam ke't tua, Ipc ke't tua roi dun nong
C 0 2 d phufdng trinh (1) va CO2 d phan iJng chay vao dung dich Ca(OH)2.
dung dich loc dufdc c gam ke't tua nffa. Cho biet b + c = 5,91. Tinh a, b, c va tim
CO2
...
'
Giai
*''
,
CO2
> B a C O j i + H2O
Ba(OH)2
2CO2 +
2y.
y
Ba(OH)2
*' '
^.
Ba(HC03)2
> Ba(HC03)2
y
CaCOal
Snc02 = ncaC03 =
100
A p dung dinh luat bao loan khoi liTdng : my + TIIQ^ = nicQ^ + m^^Q
\
Ca(OH)2 ->
30
H2O
i.(I - m
= 0,3 mol
0< "
212
,^
^ = 0,2 mol
,^4^
, ,
Khoi lifdng binh PdCh tSng la: mco + m H 2 0 " i " C 0 2 = ^,4
'
^^H,,',-^
,.
=>
mH20
=>
nH,o=
3,6
= 0,2
mol
'
^< "
'
B a C O j l + CO2 + H2O
St x i
0 66 0 22
^'I'^rOcHa:
0,48(g); mH = 2 . - i ^ = - : ^ ( g ) > ^ ^ I . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
A.#;;
>
k ^ tua hai l l n :
mBaC03 = - j ^
mA=mco2
+ mco + m H 2 0 - m o 2
^'
(oAS^^yhll^g)
=^ m o = 1,14-
5 91
'
,,ri^6mol
,,,^5^,^' ^3
.^^^^
1 76
= x + y = 0,03;
TacohephiTdngtrinh:
nco2 = - ^
[x + 2y = 0,04
[x = 0 , 0 2 m o l
0
.nfcf
v y ' ^ ,
03
mH = 2. n H 2 0 = 2.0,2
AJV
r
pi
'-""'H
a = = 0,12 (mol/lit)
'
''V^''^'}:^'.:
12x _
mc
mo
niH
y
16z
,^
A
= ^
=
= 10 =>x = 3 ; y = 4 ; z = 2.
3,6
0,4
3,2
^
V,,,.
,
"
_ 16z _ M _ 72
12x
7{ioffl? b / ,
= 0.4 (g)
'
,,,.,,ri,
0,04
1^ = '^^
= x + 2y =
R.'-^
: ;
7,2
'
11
Phan dgnp va phudng phap giai H6a hgc 11 Hgu co - B8 Xufln Hung
B a i 12. Mpt hon hdp gom niQt so hidrocacbon hen tie'p trong day d6ng d i n g c6 khoi
Itfdng phan tit trung binh ( M ) = 64. 6 100"C thi hon hdp nay 6 the khi, l a m lanh
den nhift dp phong thi mpt so chat bi ngiftig tu. C&c chat khi c6 khoi Itfdng phan
tuf trung binh bkng 54. Cic chat long c6 bKng 74. T o n g khoi lifdng c ^ c chat trong
Ml =
70c + 8 4 d ^ ^ 4
c +d
Thay(2).(3)vao(l):
M =
4 2 a + 5 6 . 6 a + 70.2,5d + 84d
- - - - - - . . K ' ^ - ^
(4)
54
c = 2,5.2a = 5 a ( 3 ' )
Hhh = a + b + c + d = a + 6a + 5 a + 2a = 14a
378a + 259d
7 a + 3,5d
=>d = 2 a
'
= 0 4 =>
a + 6 a + 2,5d + d,,,
hon hdp d a u la 252. Diet khoi liTdng phan ti3f chat nang nhat g^p d6i chat nhe
nh^t. T i m C T P T cic chat
^ c = 2,5d ( 3 )
i'^^^
*'
% V C 3 H . = ^ x I 0 0 % = 7.14%
an = at + (n - l ) d
x l 0 0 % =42,85%
'
S=
"
^"
'
"
! ,f. M ) .
V d i a n = 2ai =>2ai = ai + ( n - 1 ) . 1 4
=>ai = 1 4 ( n - 1)
"'^ *
,
"^''^ *
'
'
"
('
I n - . , in
m^ :
,,
"
y<2x + 2
, My .
, ,,
v , . ' ) K ' l A(
>4
30
18
<0
rfcA
cdc chitttroneh3n
A
1
= 14,28%
a + ii + c + d
= 64
M , . = ^ ^ ^ i ^ = 5 4 = * b = 6a
'X',
rr:,,.
'
J , , , , <
::;/V'!^,.V;-;,YA''"1^
Gi&i
, ,
, ,^
, ,^
l i ;
= b (g)
i 'J
'>
'
mH = 2.nH20=2.= - ( g )
cpng tren.
^ ,<'
h<n>:
'
B a i 1 3 : D o t chdy hoan toan m(g) hdp cha't hiJu c d A c h i Ihu diTdc a(g) C O 2 v a b(g)
'^'''^ ^"^^
V 1 7 m = 3(a + b) = 3 ( + b ) = 14b
m = 2b
'
C4HS,
8b , ,
m^H^%''^''''
D a t C T P T c u a A Id CxHyO,;.
4 2 a + 56b + 70c + 84d
q A
ta c 6 : m c = 1 2 . n r o T = 1 2 . = ( g )
I w / , ' o i i\i i n ; / ) , y n y b
V I 3a = 1 l b => mf. =
"
M , = 12x + y = 4 2
ychin
'
V a y : a , = 1 4 ( 4 - 0 = 42
%VC6H,2=xl00%
14a
H a y 1 . 5 . 1 4 n ( n - 1) = 252 = > 2 1 n , ^ - 2 1 n i - 2 5 2 = 0
=> n = 4 (nhan) v a n = - 3 (loai)
(1)
(2)
^M-VrOj'
/: . "^CJ^U/
b
_A
ib- -8b^ = 1o - oi '18= 3*:i4': 2
. .
=> X : y : z =
^
K ,
T2'9'9.16
1 2 ' 9 18
,j
Phan dgng va phuong phap giSi H6a hpc 11 HOu co - B5 Xuan Htfng
Bai 14. Dot c h a y h d p c h a t hiJU c d A (chuTa C, H, O) p h a i d u n g 1 li/dng o x i b a n g 8 Ian lUOng
oxi
c6
mco2
trong
va
thu dUdc
: mHjo = 22 : 9 . Biet ti k h o i
lu-dng
C O 2 va
hdi c u a
H 2 O theo
so vdi H 2
le
la 29. Tun C T P T
khoi
cua
lUOng
X.
Cfiu 4. Do't chdy hoan toan 5,2 gam hdp chat huTu cd X roi cho san pham chdy Ian
lifdt qua binh (1) di/ng H2SO4 dam dac, binh (2) chu"a nifdc voi trong diT, thay
blnh (1) tang ISn 1,8 gam, binh (2) thu diTdc 15 gam ket tua. Khi hoa hdi 10,4
gam A thu di/dc mot the tich dung bang the tich cua 3,2 gam oxi trong cung dieu
44
'
6(g)
B. C 3 H 4 O 4
C. C 7 H 4 O 6
'i 'i/i i *
D. C ; H S 0 3
c a u 5. Khi d^t chdy hoan toan 100ml hdi cha't B can 250ml oxi, tao ra 200ml C O 2
va 200ml hdi niTdc (cac the tich do d cung dieu ki?n). Vay cong thu'c phan lij
mH = 2.nH20=2.-j^=l(g)
cua B la:
Theo djnh luat hio tohn nguyen to la cO:
modrongA) + mophintfng =
, : ,
^,,,, ,. v;,:
A. C 2 H 4 O 2
mO(trongC02)
"'OltrongH2O)
=i
"O
C. C 2 H 4 O
D. C 3 H 6 O
c a u 6. Do't chay hoan toSn 3,5 gam mpt hidrocacbon thu difdc 10,68 gam khi
= (22 - 6) + (9 - 1) = 24 (g)
B. C 3 H 4 O 4 '
J^'i' ::-j-f,->V;!S5
mo(.,gA, = ^
(g)
'4^&.:J'9
= ^
cacbonic va 5,25 gam niTdc. Khoi liTdng oxi can diing de dot chdy la:
A. 6,21gam,;
B . 11,04 gam
C. 12,43 gam
D. 12,73 gam
c a u 7. Dot chdy hoan toan 0,366 gam chat hiJu cd X, thu du-pc 0,792 gam CO2 v^
0,234 gam H2O. Mat khdc phan buy 0,549 gam X do thu difdc 37,42cm^ nitd (do
"r
d 27C va 750 mmHg), biet trong phan tuf cua X chi chiJa 1 nguyen tijf nitd. Vay
12 1 "16
12 T
9.16
2'r6
A.C9H13O3N
B.C9H15O2N
C.CyHi303N2
D. C K H 1 2 O 3 N
c a u 8. Dot chay 400 ml mpt hon hdp gom nitd va mpt hidrocacbon Y 3 the khi
bing 900 ml khi oxi (dif). The tich hon hdp thu dUdc sau khi dot la 1,4 lit. Sau
khi ngu-ng tu hdi niTdc thi the tich hon hdp con 800 ml, tiep tuc dan qua dung
dich KOH thay con 400 ml khi. Biet rkng cac khi do d cilng dieu ki?n nhi?t dp,
c a u 1. Mpt chat heru cd X khi d trang thai hdi c6 ti khoi hdi so vdi chat hd^i cd Y la
2. Biet 2,2 gam chat Y c6 the tich b^ng the tich ciia 1,6 gam oxi trong ciang dieu
ki?n nhi?t dp, ap suat. Vay ti khoi cua X doi vdi C H 4 la:
A. 11
B. 10 .
C.6
C a u 2. Dot chay hoan toan 4,64 gam mpt hidrocacbon X (chdt khi a d'lhu kien
thuong) r6i dem toan bp san pham chay hip thy h^t vao binh dung dung djch
Ba(0H)2. Sau cac phan irng thu dugc 39,4 gam k^t tiia va khoi lugng phin dung
djch giam bat 19,912 gam. Cong thirc phan tCr cua X la
A.C3H4.
B. CH4.
'
^: ^ ' C.
Q^^^.
i,, '
" Trich di thi tuyin sinh Dai hgc khoi A nam 2012"
'nm'i..
c a u 3. Nicotin cd trong thuoc la la mot hdp chat rat doc, c6 the gay ung thiT phoi.
Dot chdy 16,2 gam nicotin b^ng oxi v^a dii thu difdc 44 gam CO2, 12,6 gam
nifdc va 2,24 lit N2 (dktc). Cho 85 < Mi,.,ii < 230. Cong thiJc phan tuT dung cua
B. C 3 H 4
riici
C. C 2 H 4
D. C 4 H X
A. 3
,.
C.5
B.4
D.7
c a u 1 0 . Do't chdy hodn toan mpt liTdng hidrocacbon X. Hap thu toan bp san
pham chay vao dung dich Ba(0H)2 (dU) tao ra 29,55 gam ket tua, dung djch
sau phan iJng c6 khoi liTdng giam 19,35 gam so vdi dung dich Ba(0H)2 ban
dau. Cong thiJc phan tur cua X Id
A.C3H4.
' - ''^iOslli *
B.C2H6.
'
'^^-'''^^^ C . C 3 H 6 : ' ^ ' - ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^
y^^^
^ ^ ^ ^ ^.^^
f.^.^^
2070"
c a u 11. Dot chdy hodn todn 0,9 gam hdp cha't hiJu cd A chuTa C,H,0 thu diTdc 1,32
gam C O 2 vd 0,54 gam H2O. Ti khoi hdi cua A so vdi hidro la 90. Vay A cd cong
nicotin 1^:
A.C5H7NO
A. C 2 H 6
Cau9.Sod6ngphancuaC5H,2la:
D.5,5
C^,:f'^mrt
B.C5H7NO2
C.C,OHMN2
D.CH,H,4N3
'
B. C,oH,203
C. CH2o04
jin ,
D. CTHifiO,
Phan dgng va phuong ph^p giai H6a hpc 11 HQu cd - D8 Xufln Hung
Cfiu 12. K h i dot cMy 1 lit khi X can 5 lit khi oxi, sau phan tfng thu dUdc 3 lit CO2 va
4 lit hdi nifdc. Biet cdc khi diTdc do d cdng dieu ki#n ve nhi^t dp va dp suS't. Vy
cong thiJc phan tuT cua X la:
A. C 3 H 6
B . CjHx
C . CJHKO
'
D . C3H6O2
2. n c o 2 + " H 2 O ~ 2. n o 2 = 0,464
Cflu3,ChonC.
r -< ,
,1,. ; T
,,.. :
O2 (s6 m o l O2 gap doi so m o l can cho phan uTng chdy) 6 139,9"C, dp suat trong
binh la 0,8 atm. Dot chdy hoan toan X sau do diTa ve nhi?t dp ban dau, ap suat
trong binh luc nay la 0,95 atm. X cd cong thuTc phan tijf la:
A.C2H4O2.
B.CH2O2.
D.C3H6O2.
C.C4H8O2.
CSu 14. Dot chay hoan toan 100 m l hdi chat A , can diing 250 m l o x i , chi tao ra 200
ml C O 2 va 200 m l hdi nifdc (cac the tich khi do d cOng dieu ki?n). Xic
dinh
A.C2H4
,^ ,
B.C2H6O
C.C2H4O
C.C3HSO
c. C3HS, C 3 H S 0 , C3HXO2.
Hi'SUMi
cau 1. Ta c6: M x = 2My
r,
\J'
, . A,! :Jii:jifiuv,
M Y = , 3 2 = 44 = > M x = 2.44 = 88
1.6
,
12x
16z
104
1,8
0,2
3,2
5,2
x = 3;y = 4 ; z = 4,
X
5.
CxHyO,+
.,
HUdNGDlNGlArxa
^,.
100
...
I i/ :>
Oud
MA, = i M3 2: ^ = 104
Cfiu
,
(,;00f
m o = 5 . 2 - ( 0 , 2 + 1,8) = 3.2(g)
D.CjHfiOz^"'"'
n^o khi chay cung chi tao CO2 v^ H2O, trong do n^o^: n^^^o = 2 : 3 . CTPT ciia A, B,
,
= . c >'
15
100
Cau 16. Co 3 chat hOU cd A, B, C ma phan t& ciia chijng Ip t h ^ 1 cap so cpng. Bat ci? chat
ClanlUdtla:
+ H2O
mH=7^-2 = 0,2(g)
v^ 4 lit hdi nufdc. Biet cac khi dUOc do d ciing dieu ki?n ve nhi^t dp va ap suat.
B.C3H8
D.CjHfiO
CSu 15. Dot chay hoan toan 1 lit khi X can 5 h't khi oxi, sau phan uTng thu diTdc 3 lit CO2
A.C3H6
_mCaC03^
' '
rMq -^nhb o^
uk')
Oj-J-xCOs+lHjO
100
250
200
200
x = 2; y = 4
u
'..^'''''v'
'
-
'
=> C h p n D .
Cfiu 2 : So m o l BaCOs = 0,2 mol
:<
so mol COj = 0,2 m o l - > khdi liTdng = 8,8 gam
, 0
sfjri ^irf;,, rp
A p dung D L B T K L ta c6 : mx + m o j = m c o j + ^ ^ 2 0
=> C h o n C
(1)
750 37.42
^ .jsiLiJ*^ .OO'nik^
''
'
"
" ''i
'
''
;4i j! r n a ^ q
Vflij')
(2)
' "
CSu 13. Trong mot binh kin chiJa hdi chat hOu cd X (c6 dang CH2n02) mach hcl
'f'
=> V i khi phan tich 0,366g X thi n N , = " ' " " ^ ^ " ' ^ ^ ^ = O.OOlmol
^
0,549
Phan djing
D i n qua KOH:
VO,P/,=1VH,O+VCO,~
=>Vo2du= 200ml
U ^
. ,
/ !.(, ,1
+400 = 700ml
'
4,
x = 3;y = 8.
,,^',--.,1'
"
'('5
.H^).!,^.^
, A<,
j ^ ,
2.
Ta c6:
= 200ml
'
O2 ^ x C 0 2 + I H 2 O
4
+Vo2du=400ml
J- .
C.HyO, + x +
.,
16z _ M
a
mQ
= 1-4
niyf
VQ^UU
12x
C O
Caul3.
O2 - > x C 0 2 + -yH 2 O
2
CH202
/wlfe
^^02
2
3n-2
1 mol
1 i'/iifi r | v '
nC02
mol
+ nH20
n mol
if
'
fit/HQ
n mol
Gid suf c6 Imol X tham gia phan iJng. Theo phifdng trinh phan tfng ta c6:
200
=>x
400
600
'
a'
^i( m / W F ^ ' ) ^ , . )
??.<ir
3n-2
n02 phan iJng -
,
mOl
-2 = ;(3n - 2) mol
CHu 9. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Sau phan iJng chdy va d 139,9C thi H2O dang d the hdi nen tong so mol khi va
CH3
I
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
CH3
CH3
=>Chpn A. i,:;,,:v/;-!ri;,::;;;:y: ^
,
29 55
Cau 10. Taco: ng^coj =
=
1 - , . . , ,
CH3-CH-CH3
>
' >
*
0.15mol => nco2 = 0.15mol
,
/ b
um
'
'
i l l ' 4,
I'J
'1
\'At
i'*
u'l''
Nhiet dO bmh tnfdc vd sau khong doi, gia suf t h i tich binh khong doi, ta c6:
0,8
3n-l
=> n = 3
0,95
3
,5n-l
'sau
V|iy CTPT cua X Id C 3 H 6 O 2
^ ^^^^^ ^
Ma mco2 = 0,15.44 = 6,6 g=i> mH20= 3.6 g=> nH20 = 0.2 mol
=> Dap an D.
Caul4. Tac6sdd6sau:
C,HyO,
til
4 <....
ii
2,502
->
2CO2
+ 2H2O
Cdn ciJ vdo h0 so phan iJng vd dp dung dinh luat bao todn nguyen to, de dang c6
AldC2H40
=3
v.
Dap an C.
45
CSu 15: Goi cong thiJc phan ttif cua X \k : C,H0, (z cd the bkng 0)
QHyO, +
(x + ^ - ^ ) 0 2
- > XCO2
K-f)
^HzO
HIDUOCACBON N O
A.T6MTATLfTHUY'T
I.
=> x = 3 v a y = 8
Matkhac: x +
y
4
V$y:XmC3H8=>
n
Caul(.Tac6:-^
= 5 =:>3 + 2 - - = 5 = > z = 0
CH4. C2H6, C j H g . C H 2 + 2 1 $ P
Danhphdp:
^^^j.,.,,,
j ^,
,.1^:).::.^}^:).
DapanB,
= -
A N K A N ( p a r a f i n ) : CH2+2 (n ^ 1)
'
'
v:
igii
<
,,
Y ;^ ^.
T6n ankan = s6 chi v i tri nhdnh + ten nhdnh + ten mach chinh + an
=> A , B, C deu no, deu c6 cilng so nguyen tuT C va H . NhiT vay de phan tuT khoi
cua chiing l|ip th^nh 1 cap so cgng thl chiing khdc nhau \i so nguyen tiJ oxi
''''
"coi
n
"H20
'^^2_> nCOz +
n
T;:T
n+ 1
(n+1)H20
Ujoi
2
= T ^ "
= 2=>
^^"^
'^^"g C 2 H 6 O X . ; , ; ; m fn,
m>
rt
t"
CnH2n+2
xt
t"
(n>3)
, , ,r
f,,,,,
ankan thap
R-COONa + N a O H
hO^C
CnH2 + H 2
: M.:i sy?.
f( iS'.J)".'!-!:,.)
anken
... ^ . r ^ , jy,^.^
CH2n+2 +
P h 5 n i J n g d i l u c h e ankan:
\, d 1 ' i h i ^ l ' ^ r
2
r3n+n
O2
ChH2b
CaH2a+2
. ,1 '
j . ^ . j
+ PhaniJngtich:
CnH2n+2
'
CH3CI + H C i
C H 4 + CI2
J*.^' '''
Tinh cha't hda hoc : phan tfng the', tdch, 0x1 hda.
;i
R - H + NajCOj
CnHznrf.
(R Ik CH2+,-)
^
'
X I C L O A N K A N : C o H t o (n ^ 3)
Danhphdp:
T6n xicloankan = s6 chi v i tri nhdnh + ten nhdnh + xiclo + ten mach chinh + an:
Chiiy:
- Mach chinh la mach v6ng.
- Ddnh s^ sao cho tdng c&c s6 chi v i tri cdc mach nhdnh Ik nh6 nhSt.
da
41
KlfAMfiVlET
Phan dgng vS phuong ph^p gl5i H6a hgc 11 HOu c o - B6 XuSn Hung
, ,
, ^
5^;^,;.^i:/:?^^y,^;.;
a) - C H 3 : hidrocacbon : CFL,
-CsHv : hidrocacbon : C 3 H S
Xiclopentan
+
brom xiclopentan
-C6H13
> CH2-CH2-CH2
Br2(dd)
.fi
1,3-dibrompropan
HBr ' - ^
' '
H2 ^
CH3-CH2-CH2-Br
1-brompropan
,:
I
Xiclobutan
+
...rfix-fU
MJ^^q.::fla ^
'
into
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
f
butan
/Ths,
,,gjs#,:Sil'k: v^ukn i t d s
v,/;,,
. a ,
.^^.J;,.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
pentan
n-pentan
HJ.M !
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
I
CH3
2-metylbutan
isopentan
, : ;
isobutan
2-metylpropan.
CH3-CH-CH3
CH3
n&T
- 0
i^n fl'Vi
a) 0 n g vdi propan c6 hai nh6m ankyl la propyl va isopropyl. Hay viet cong thiJc cau
i Sihi\ ^^ , JIMI T I t
tao cua chiing va cho biet b | c cua nguyen tuf cacbon mang hoa tri tif do.
b) Hay vie't c6ng thiJc cau tao thu gon va thu gon nhat cua cac chat sau :
Metylxiclohexan
metylbenzen (toluen)
ri
Dieuche:
CH3-(CH2)4-CH3
nCO^ + n H 2 0
fj
* V'
H*^.
+H2.
a) Propyl:
:;
B. P H A N L O A I V A P H O O N G P H A P G I A I C A C D A N G B A I T A P
CH3-CH2-CH2CH3-CH-
"'"2^
:
C)
C 4 H H , => C 4 H 9 CH2.2
CH2.,-
b) Q H , 8 => Q H n - * '
:
^^^1' '
(bac 2)
CH3-C-CH3
I
CH,
Hexan:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHsi..
2,3-dimetylbutan :
CH3-CH-CH-CH3
I
CH3
CH,
3-etyl-2-metylheptan:
CH3-CH-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3
C2H5
,;
,'
j;v'-
C2H5
- C H 3 , -C3H7, -C6H13.
b) Viet c6ng thuTc cau tao cua c^c ankan sau : pentan, 2-metylbutan, isobutan. Cic chat
Neopentan :
B^infioiiia. * '
d) Q H 2 x ^ = ^ Q H 2 x . 3 - . '
'
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
I
CH3
a) Viet cong t M c phan tijf cua hidrocacbon tifdng iJng v d i cic goc ankyl s a u f '^^^^
' \ii
Isopentan :
IS''*^
b) Ch,fa8C
,.,H..,&:>':^^
d) ChiJa (x + 1) nguydn t)!^C.
(bac 1)
B a i 1. V i e t cong thiJc phan tuf cua ankan va goc hidrocacbon tifcfng i?ng
'
CH3
' '
b)
BAI T A P M A U V A BAI T A P N A N G C A O
Propan :C3Hs
Isopropyl:
. ^)Ch^^lOH
c) Chifa n nguyen tur C
.,5
Bai 3.
i { iin Au > M i ^ i i ) / i .
/ r! u r , # 4 * - f i '{.'ii* i ^ f i
a ninfjiit
: hidrocacbon : C 6 H 1 4 .
b)
i ; y > : f B t t J
;^eiVi:l:i v
vjj^;;;)/
3,3-dietylpentan :
CH3-CH2-C-CH2-CH3
C2H5
49
Phan dgng
B a i 4. Difa vao khdi nim dong d i n g hoac difa tren so electron h6a t r i cua cacbon
va hidro. Hay chuTng minh cong thtfc tdng qu^t cua ankan Ik CH2+2.
Gidi
*
i f )....,^rl^
Datn = x
J-i':'-'.;f':^M-,/ J ; ' - .
=n - 1
NensonguyentufH:
'
;,;vyi>i'r''
<
il'J-.H'
,
:2,2-dimetylbutan.
-<.m.;:i?M/'vy:J,:' ' /H',
/;
:2,3-dimetylbutan
CH3
vV',;
2x + 4 = 2 ( n - l ) + 4 = 2n + 2
CH3-CH-CH-CH3
I I
CH3CH3
CH3
I
CH3-C-CH2-CH3
b) 3,3-dibrom-5,5,6-trimetyloctan
\''''^---^''''yi^S'ti
c) 3-metyl-3-etylpentan
d) ,1,4-dimetylxiclohexan
e) l-clo-3-xiclopropylpentan
f)
etylxiclohexan
g) l-clo-3-etyl-2-nitroxiclopentan.
a) Xiclopentan:
!'
'
Do do so e h6a tri da suT dung Ik 2(n - 1) (vi m o i li6n ke't ddn diing 2e h6a tri)
I
b) 3,3-dibrom-5,5,6-trimetyloctan : C H 3 - C H 2 - C - C H 2 - ( p J : H - C H 2 - C H 3
electron h6a tri cua H tao thanh lien ket cong h6a tri C - H .
=j> So nguyen tuf H la 2n + 2.
^:,
?v
.
c) 3-metyl-3-etylpentan
b)C5H,2
c)QH,4.
Gidi
a) C 4 H ) o :
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
^/x:-'-'-,',-':*.:
! butan
CH3-CH-CH3
:
.
,,,,,,,^^^^^^^^^^
d) 1,4-dinietylxiclohexan :
-'
f |
' : 2-mctylpropan
CH3
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
^'^
CH3
:pentan
.
'
"''^J->:'-^''^--
CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
:2-metylpentan
"'^
CH3
'
1 j,;
...,... mm ^'ij^:t c i
'iM '
g) l-clo-3-etyl-2-nitroxiclopentan :
: hexan
CH3-<!:H2-CH-CH2-CH3
CI
": 2,2-dimetylpropan
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3
f) etylxiclohexan : [ ]
CH3
c) CfiHu :
'
i^'^1^ *
: 2-metylbutan
CH3-C-CH3
a,
CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3
e) l-cIo-3-xiclopropylpentan:
b) C5Hi2:
CH3CH3
' Br
CH3
I
'^-^
CH3-CH2-C-CH2-CH3
^^Hs
.
B a i 5. Hay viet cong thiJc cau tao va goi ten theo l U P A C c^c ankan c6 cong thiJc
a)C4H,o
I ^
B&i 7, Hay v i ^ t c6ng thuTc cau tao \k goi ten c^c hidrocacbon no uTng v d i cong thiJc
phSn tuf C 5 H 1 0 .
:3-metylpentan
r,v t.i li i
> ir
thlK\
\
: xiclopentan
CH3
- n<m^ - "
,;*>';;-'.'
: 1,2-dimetyIxiclopropan
51
KHAJgGVDBT
PhSn djng vS phUOng ph^p giSi H6a hpc 11 HOu co - D5 Xufln Hung
: 1,1-dimetylxiclopropan
^^^^
: metylxiclobutan
Gidi
;!
: etylxiclopropan.
Bai 8. Doc ten cac chat iJng vdi cac cong thiJc cau tao sau :
'^^-C2H5
a)
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3
,,j
b)
^.^^ ^^^,,^^,_^^^^H3GdeH-CH3
a) CH3-CH2-CH3 + CI2
,,H,>
; , ^J^J-JJU ,|,,,,,.. , j^; y
C H 3 - C H - C H 2 - C H - C H 3 ,^
CH3-CH2-CH-CH-CH3
CH2-<:H2-<H3
CH3
:
d)
CH3-CH-CH2-C-CH2-CH3iij
CH3
CI
b)
CH3-CH2-CH3
d)
CH-H3
CH-CH3
6CO2 + 7H2O
H2
f)
Br2(dd)
>
B A I TAP N A N G
(1,3-dibrompropan) .
CH2-CH2-CH2
CH3-CH2-CH3
^ +
Br2 ^
,H:,)
HBr.
^^;fi:>~li:|^
CH3
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3;
VA
liz'
ifv rs&is
Xiclohexan
, .
B^i 2. Hai chat A, B c6 cung cong thi?c phan tu" C5H12 tdc dung vdi clo theo ti le mol
1 : 1 thi tao ra mot dan xuaft duy nhat con B thi cho bon dan xuat. Yie't cong tiiifc
cS'u tao cua A, B, cac dan xuat clo cua chiing va goi ten.
.j
Gidi
,
.
C5H12 C O cac cong thiJc cau tao sau:
;
, . .
. ; ^
ihig
B A I TAP M A U
+ Ha;::^
/ \
CH3-CH=CH2
Xiclopropan ;,
Br '
c) Khi dan hSn hdp xiclopropan, xiclopentan va H2 di vao trong ong c6 bgt Ni,
nung nong thi chi c6 xiclopropan phan iJng cpng vdi hidro,j:>.. H . ) -f J1 ,
CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH-CH2-CH-CH3
C2H5
'"^'^>
G) C6H,4 + -O2
+
e)
1-clopropan
HCl
, CjHs-;,,,., C H 3
CH2-CH3 4
c)
CH3-CH2-CH2CI +
j.|.f)
CAO
B^i 1. Viet phiTdng trinh hda hoc cua cdc phan rfng sau :
a) Propan tac dung vdi clo (theo ti le mol 1 : 1) khi chie'u sang.
b) Tdeh mpt phan tuf hidro tilf phan tuf propan.
c) Dd'tchiy hexan.
d) Khi syc khi xiclopropan vao dung dich brom.
;
e) Dan hon hdp xiclopropan, xiclopentan va hidro di vSo trong 6^ng c6 bpt niken,
nung n6ng.
f) Dun ndng xiclohexan vdi brom theo ti 1$ m o l l : 1.
Theo de ta CO :
' i
* A cdC TC T:
CH3-C-CH3;
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
CH3
I
l>-t.4Hll
CH3-C-CH3
I
"
2,2-dimetylpropan (neopcntan)
=> DSn xug't duy nhat mot Ian the clo : CH3-C-CH2CI
B c6 CTCT : CH3-CH-CH2-H3
. , ; , ,:.
2-metylbutan (isopentan)
.
'i " ' '''
mtAwa
PMn dgng \A phijgng p M p qai H6a hoc 11 HOu co - Dfi Xuan Himg
cHj
I I
CH3CI
CH4 + 2O2
CI
CH3 -
r^+.H::
^ .-^
Bai 3. Vi^t phUtfng trlnh gpi ten phan iJng cQa isobutan trong cdc tnfdng hdp sau:
a) Lay 1 mol isobutan cho tac dung vdi 1 mol clo c6 chieu sang.
,, .i^ ,
b) Lay 1 mol isobutan dun nong vdi 1 mol brom.
c) Nupg nong isobutan vdi xQc tac Cr203 de tao thanh C4HX (isobutilen).
d) Dot isobutan trong khong khi.
'
-
Cl'jix ,rufq'/;qokux
.'^i.y.U ofe-f
J'K'
a) CH3-CH-CH3 +CI2
..CH3
CH3-C-CH3
h)
CH3-CH-CH3 + Br:
c)
CH3-CH-CH3
CH3
CH3-C-CH3
CH3
v . ,
JiDs i:":
+ HBr
'iM'> ''^'^
).4C02 + 5H20. ^
* .
<H;J mh
,
Bai4.
w,-.,
a) Trinh b^y phi/dng phap hda hoc phan bipt hai khi khong m^u propan va
xiclopropan di/ng trong cdc blnh rieng bi?t.
'^--i^O-iU'^'^J^O-rlf^
b) Nhan biet cdc khi sau : CO2. CH4, H2.
a) Dan hai khi di qua dung dich brom c6 m^u v^ng da cam, khi n^o l^m mat
m^u dung dich brom 1^ xiclopropan. Con lai la propan. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
PhiTdng tr\nh phan iJng :
'
/ \ Br2(dd)
>CH2-<:H2-CH2
'
Br
b) Dan ba khi Ian li/dt di qua dung dich niTdc v6i trong (diT), khi nao lam due nUdc
voi trong lk CO2, con lai CH4 va H2.
, . .
:
CO2 + Ca(OH)2
Br
sf?
CHCI3
/__(6)_^ ^
CH4
C4H,o
HCHO
AI4C3
C2H2.
^ !
(1)
CHjCOONa + NaOH
(2)
C+ 2H2-^CH4
(3)
C4H,0 ^
Gidi
'\
13
d) C4H, + y 0 2
+HC1
CH3-C=CH2 + H2
. , s , , ; - . . . . . 'jCHy''I-'-
CHjCOONa
C - ^ - ^
1
1
C I
CH3
Gidi
> 2H2O.
B^i 5. Vi^t c&c phiTdng trlnh phan iJng thifc hi#n chu5i phan tfng sau :
; CH2-CH-CH2-CH3.
,
'
> C O 2 + 2H2O
2H2 + O2
CH3-C-CH2-CH3
.JH . ,,i-r>-!:
CH3-CH-CH-CH3
khi nao lam due nUdc vol trong la CO2, khi ban dau la CR, con lai la H2.
Bot chiy hai khi con lai sau dd dan san pham Ian liTdt di qua nifdc v6i trong diT,
C H 4 + C3H6
A Jii
(8)
Bai 6.
2CH4-^Jg^C2H2-H3H2.
6ng nghiem A chiJa dung dich KOH, ong nghiem B chiJa dung dich
H2SO4,
ong nghiem C chi?a dung djch KMn04, ong nghiem D chiJa nifdc brom, cho vao
moi ong nghiem dd 1ml octan l^c deu roi de yen. Dif doan hin tiTdng xay ra d
moi ong nghiem va giai thich ?
Gidi
'
Khi cho 1ml octan Ian lifdt vao moi ong nghiem thi khong thay hi^n tUdng gi
xay ra trong tCfng d'ng nghim vi: '
? ,
- d ong A : octan khong cd phan iJng vdi dung dich KOH.
- 6 ong B : octan khong phan itng vdi axit H2SO4.
- 6 ong C : octan khong cd phan iJng oxi hda vdi dung dich KMn04.
- d 6'ng D : octan khong cd phan tJng cgng vdi nifdc brom.
B^i 7. Viet ciic phUOng trlnh phan uTng hda hoc dudi dang cong thiJc cau tao rut gon cua
c5c chat theo cdc day chuyen hda sau (cho biet A2 va A3 la cac san pham chinh).
nu
xt,t , A /
> Cao su buna
^
> C4H7Br
{A2, A3)
55
Phan djing
xt, t ,
Ti
xt, t "
'
>> Cao
C a o su
su isopren
> C.H
.n-uij. iihi
1'A-.
CnH2n+2 : C4H10
r.. C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 3 ^
N.i'
''.;>'''
(Trich
'' "
TSDH, khoi A)
K h i X = 4 => C4nHsn+4 (loai) v i khong phu hdp v d i hda tri cua cacbon. V i du :
C4Hi2(n= l)loai.
b) CH2n.2 + xCl2
/SI
:1
V i du :
, i V!H.,
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + H B r (
C2H6 + CI2
V i du :
^ ^1,2
" ' 5 > C H 3 - IC H - < : H < : H 2 ^
^
^
^
Br
(A2)
Cyng
' .1
CH3-CH2-CH-CH3
, ..,..,. , M^.,
.'3
f ft)
CH4 . C2H4.
,
^
+2H2
A4 < ^ " 3
'
>.
-rCH2-CH=C-CH2 4
CH2=CH-C=CH2
CH3-CH-CH-CH2 +HC1
"1
CH2=CH-C=CH2
.u,
C3H
C2H5CI + H C l
1$ mol 1 : 1 chi thu diTdc hai dong phan. Gpi ten hai dong phan do.
(A3)
- m n 2 m + 2 *-'5M|2
^':
B a i 9 . Xac dinh cong thiJc cafu tao ciia CfiHu, biet rang k h i tac dung v d i eld theo t i
^ CH3-CH=CH-CH2Br
CH2.2-xClx + xHCl
CH2.2
-(CH2-CH=CH-CH2}
/
J ^ - ^ '
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2
CH2=CH-CH=CH2
''V^.i C H 3 C H 3 C I
m:vMMtQM:>M
ri >
(cao su isopren)
CH3-CH-CH-CH3
+CI2
" CH3CH3
' '
'
2-clo-2,3-dimetylbutan ,1
I
"4 "111,1
Bai 10. Cho biet C T C T cua pentan trong cac t r i ^ n g hdp sau:
C'iiv orfi'i ,:vi''f'i(i
v^iiii
r f t j i i CI JO'^KI
CH2=CH-C=CH2
+Br2
CH3
n:,,':ii>
-^J^CH2-CH=C-CH2Br
'
l|^#a'^vlyu'i Vi^^^^^^^^^
...Br
CH3 (A,)
3j-*CH2-CH-C=CH2
...
Br
( A 5 ) :')io'il}5 | n f e
^firfJ
..^
'
Gidi
Lfng v d i pentan C5H12 c6 cac dang khung C s a u " t i - i i > 1 Si
'lii'iV, v.^ii-tVV:/''^ . i.^^'i
j ^ , } ,5,,^ j , ^ ; ^
(I)
d i n g n^o ?
b) Viet cdc phifdng trinh phan ufng : CH2+2 tac dyng vdi C I 2 (askt), crackinh b^ng
a) (CnH2+i)x
i.'v/xj ;-:,,;.!,
hay CnxHjnx+x.
^r'
dd ^\iiv:-^krk
56
'
/'''i^''
,X::,...'L:,*:L,.
C (2) ^
C (3) '-',e',:.
" .
'
Br C H 3 (Av);,^-,,,,,,,
a) Cong thi?c ciia mpt hidrocacbon A c6 dang (CnHzn+i)^. V a y A thupc day dong
nhiet. Cho vi du ?
r'ii.'V
K h i X = 1 ==> CnH2+i : la goc hidrocacbon c6 hda tri 1 (loai) vi A la mpt hdp chat.
'
^' ^
Phfln d?ng va phuong phap giai H6a hpc 11 HQu cd - O i XuSn Htmg
J g W A l g f t VWOT
CH2CICH-CH2-CH3
Cho quy tim am Ian Itfdt vao ba khi c6n lai, khi n^o lam quy tim am h6a xanh la
CH3
CH3 - C H - C H j - C H 3 +CI2
CH3
Cho que ddm c6n t^n 66 \ko hai khi c6n lai, khi l^m cho que d6m c6n tSn do
CH3CCI-CH2CH3
CH3
(*)
CH3CH-CHCI-CH3
(patui
b)
3.
CH3
CH3CH-CH2CH2CI
~ ^Sdi
,1;
, ^
; .
: .x;:'.',::,'"' ,'.
oe ankaitf
xielotuikan
TMngM--
CTCT cua pentan 1^ (3): 2,2-dimetylpropan (neopentan), ichi cracking chi cho
2 san pham : ^
CH3
.>.;,;. V':;?i?'ai;V)-.v
o '
CH3-C-CH3
PH
ruvb JUX
xieiemtiuui
r-
cracking,t
_
> - C H 2 - C - C H 3 + CH4 , , ^ ^ , M r ; , n 5 : >
. .,H
fv:>...,}; C H 3
"'"^
a) Viet c6ng thil-c cau tao va goi t6n cdc d6ng phan cua CjHsBrj.
b) Nh$n bi^t cdc cha^ sau : C 2 H 6 , SO2, N H 3 , O^.
Gidi
a) CaHsBrs cd cac dong phan :
CH3-CH2-C-Br
^,
fs':> , H 5 >
=> 2n = X
1,1,3-tribrompropan
Br
CH3-C-CH2-Br
'^>n,'^^';
c-.
,,
C4H,o
:$'aO!.-'':^-
'vs^iJ,11,
(nhan)
j <
.
j
'
i "
, ,,,
'
Bai 1. Xicloankan ddn v6ng X c6 ti khoi so vdi nitd bJlng 2. Lp cong thiJc phan tuT
cua X. Vie't phiTdng trinh h6a hoc (d dang cong thtfc cau tao), minh hoa tinh chat
1,2,3-tribrompropan
h6a hoc cua X, bie't rJlng X t i c dung vdi H2 (xuc tdc Ni) chi tao ra mpt san
1,2,2-tribrompropan
I ))
( 1
Br
b) C2H6, SO2, NH3, O2
5(
>2HBr + H2S04
1 !'
Dan bon khi l^n IiTdt di vao dung djch brom, khi n^o lam mat mau dung dich brom
SO2, con lai la C2H6, O2, NH3.
58
u-i. , > .
pham.
Br
I
jj^Jeicfs&iiV>
=>5n<2.2n + 2
Br
CH2-CH-CH2
I M
I ^
Br
Br Br
5n = 2x + 2
=:>n^2
CH2-CH2-CH-Br
'^:f^--: ^my^\i'%'%H
Br
1.1.2- tribrompropan
1.1.1- tribrompropan
CH3-CH-CH-Br
I
I
Br Br
,.,M:>.
TheodI : Mx = 2 x 2 8 = 56
V
,; .'
' r:[{-H-l'l"''
T a c 6 : 14n = 56 o n = 4
V | y CTPT cua X la C4H8.
. : Slit
v ij; ,3
ftiifkninnT
T'^'
['-'''^-
fntV;.^.
Vi X + H2 (Ni, t") -> mpt sin pham duy nha't nen X c6 CTCT - . [ ^
*
PhiTdng tfinh hoa hoc minh hpa tinh chat hda hpc ciia X :
59