Chapter. 8—Conservation of Energy MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A single conservative force F = (6.0% ~ 12) N (x is in m) acts on @ particle moving along the x axis ‘The potential energy associated with this force is assigned a value of +20 J at x= 0. What is the oa, 3.0m? conser vati qe Fras ye oe, mda = Fie @) +29) A ee Qrete 3 O;-%g= ‘Cenc a ay axl, 224-3 6293 e 903 7 a -9054 e420) Ups 44922009255 ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average 2. Asa particle moves along the x axis it is acted upon by a single conservative force given by F,=(20 ~ 4.0x) N where x is in m. The potential energy associated with this force has the value +30 J at . oxigin (r= 0), What the value of the peti energy atx = 4.0m? a 48) el 487 wy Eo Be | eax. z= Vg = 20K-2K (: Om “atk the co 3433 e +80) Up ANS: C PTS: 2 DIF: Average 3. A 0.40-kg particle moves under the influence of a single conservative force, At point A where the particle has a speed of 10 m/s, the potential energy associated with the conservative force is +40 J. As the particle moves from A to B, the force does +25 J of work on the particle, What is the value of the potential energy at point B? & “165 conser Jakide- Zarda, b. +15) tae Kus Urge 435) Cus 6S a. 445) = U--@ = 403-25 Jz & eeauay Ug -Ul-8 Aoy ANS: B PIs: 2 DIF: Average 4. Asa 1.0-kg object moves from point A to point B, itis acted upon by a single conservative force which does ~40 J of work during this motion, At point A the speed of the particle is 6.0 m/s and the tential energy associated with the force is +50 J. What is the potential at point B? pot gy potential energy at poi a; -¥g wea he eel at eae 4 HOI : Qin (Sebel, he aid, er Ye tee P= 36 “4 8) OM eked, era IO Bebe O8 ANS: © Prs: 2 DIF: ‘Average | | | . | Ul - 4B 30-48 =- BT | | | | 5. A 12-kg block on a horizontal frictionless surface is attached to a light spring (force constant = 0.80 KeN/m). The block is initially at rest at its equilibrium position when a force (magnitude ? = 80 N) acting parallel to the surface is applied to the block, as shown, What is the speed of the block when it is 13 cm from its equilibrium position?Do = Wor tl BK ; ; sonsndey™ - Seung = Leni bad. , a -1\r 2 Lote (oan) Oxi) <= EWE o U, = oFHuk = € Q 0.78 mis 0.81 m/s ©. O71 mis d. 0.58 m/s 2. 0.64 m/s ANS: A. PTS: 2 DIF: Average 6. A7.0-kg block on a horizontal frictionless surface is attached to a light spring (force constant = 1.2 KN/m). The block is initially at rest at its equilibrium position when a force of magnitude P acting parallel to the surface is applied to the block, as shown, When the block is 8.0 om from the equilibrium position, it has a speed of 0.80 m/s. How much work is done on the block by the force P as the block ? = n moves the 8.0 em! Evsne, Wprih= Amb, -u3) Lan(ee) Wp = bon (0-894 La eri)aK Ge) Wor Sunt Liew? - TEM = a 743 { 54] eo) 61s a 6.13 e 49) ANS: C PTs: 2 DIF: Average 7. A 0.60-kg object is suspended from the ceiling at the end of a 2.0-m string. When pulled to the side and released, it has a speed of 4.0 mis at the lowest point of its path. What maximum angle does the string make with the vertical as the object swings up? = é 61° Caraditatrenal fare —> Concer vative 34° - Amorang ld), < (emorenge o (Spot), + £0.26 Ss: 3 o ANS: B PTS: DIF: Challenging eosG= 2B | gles 28. A pendulum is made by letting a 2.0-kg object swing at the end of a string that has a length of 1.5 m. ‘The maximum angle the string makes with the vertical as the pendulum swings is 30°, What is the speed of the object at the lowest point in its trajectory? : Y Soe &s3e =b5 OS)" = as) 2.0 mis a 5 22/5 age Me 3° ead = 6A Om 3 Sn c. 2.5 mis ain = yt fame Wg 2\e (Gx, uafegd 21914 Efe e. 3lms ’ 2 ANS: A PIs: 2 DIF: Average v & 9. A2.0-kg mass swings at the end ofa light string (engt circular path is 6.0 m/s. What is its ree at an instant when the string makes an angle of 50° with the vertical? Cggieg = Qsr-sesSor etm, 21s . b a Law 4 Dir (ouarle = (ngees ee ple do 36) = 209.3\(Lets +e 41 LBC) = 24-2) t a ’ Kei s eee fa i ANS: B PIs: 3 DIF: Challenging ee aren 10. A 2.5-kg object suspended from the ceiling by a string that has a length of 2.5 m is released from rest. with the string 40° below the horizontal position. What is the tension in the string at the instant when the object passes through its lowest position? a. 11N Te mas A CesG = met me BON (& (gehen Se 18N ee 15-25 G50 Ut, aso e 32N Sew ow ge ayes sand 0-5 2-5 bss} ~ ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: Challenging J Tam tage dan b 11. A certain pendulum consists ofa 1.5-kg mass swinging atthe end of a string (length = 2.0 m). At the Jowest point in the swing the tension in the string is equal to 20 N. ‘To what maximum height above int wil ring its oscillation? 2 this lowest point will he mass rise daring itso ‘e SLA) 5 yt 066 A a 77m Teme ema 3 20 - BT a et 4 560 @6en sew ang a 26%) 95m ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: Challenging 12. A0.80-kg object tied to the end of a 2.0-m string swings as a pendulum. At the lowest point of its swing, the object has a kinetic energy of 10 J. Determine the speed of the object at the instant when the string makes an angle of 50° with the vertical. 4, ee ES 33 m/s \o=h Swe 0° RY. AG- oe t d. 5.0 m/s e 6.ims Nie Bodh Wis @ ANS: C PTS: 2 DIF: Average tein13. A 0.04-kg ball is thrown from the top of a 30-m tall building (point A) at an unknown angle above the horizontal. As shown in the figure, the bail attains a maximum height of 10 m above the top of the building before striking the ground at point B. fair resistance is negligible, what is the value of the Kinetic energy of the ball at B minus the kinetic energy of the ball at A (Ks — Ka)? et Wr AR wena = Ak 200A (43)Ge) = 8# = WACT =A = G- Ky -123 203 -205 325 ANS! A PIs: 2 DIF: Average @ 121 is c. 4 e. 14, A 1.2-kg mass is projected from ground level with a velocity of 30 m/s at some unknown angle above the horizontal. A short time after being projected, the mass barely clears a 16-m tall fence. Disregard air resistance and assume the ground is level. What is the kinetic energy of the mass as it clears the Betsy seeds Lali ng ausng O73 KI ©. 040k ke mar 9g 2 £ (42330) > 24 gy (ss) 4 068k = e. 019k = ary ANS: A PTs: 2 DIF: Average 15. A 2.0-kg mass is projected ftom the edge of the top of a 20-m tall building with a velocity of 24 m/s at some unknown angle above the horizontal. Disregard air resistance and assume the ground is level. ‘What is the kinetic energy of the mass just before it strikes the ground? oor (ee MGA), = Sat & 0.89 KI Ke d. 0.26 KI © 0ates A (ayaa 2 G8) (20)= Ky ANS: B PIs: 2 pip: Aggy 16. A skier weighing 0.70 KN goes over a frictionless circular hill as shown. If the s is 9.2 mvs, what is his speed at the top of the hill (point B)?7. 18, 1. @ S20 20: ee eA Ba) = Lil, d. 4.1 m/s © 65m LANs ee oo 3) (10-10ds45) she ot) UE ANS: C prs:”2 DIF: Average S-Diw/s A skier weighing 0.80 kN comes down a frictionless ski run that is circular (R = 30 m) at the bottom, as shown. If her speed is 12 m/s at point A, what is her speed at the bottom of the hill (point B)? (2 ag @)q= Cae (22), Cea 4) 40 AO o- Mme = Bb UG D> Q- = i ma - ee ae 17 m/s Ona 216-44 ls ce. 18m/s d. 20m/s e 12m/s ANS: A PTS: 2 DIF: Average A spring (k= 600 N/m) is placed in a vertical position with its lower end supported by a horizontal surface. The uppet end is depressed 20 em, and a 4.0-kg block is placed on top of the depressed spring. ‘The system is then el from rest. How far above the point of release will the block rise a 46cm = bun b. 36cm il aya “Pei Gane Ke. 9) 2O 8 p= @ sem 20cm ANS: D PIS: 2 DIF: Average A spring (k= 200 Nim) is suspended with its upper end supported from a ceiling. With the spring ‘hanging in its equilibrium configuration, an object (mass = 2.0 kg) is attached to the lower end and released from rest, What is the speed of the object after it has fallen 4.0 cm? Seta Ege), d 83.cm/s 7 ae 0). set Ay 6 @its2(4. og) (end) — “s (oosh (16x) J218-F omfgfe. 57 cm/s ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average 1. A 2.0-kg block sliding on a horizontal frictionless surface is attached to one end of a horizontal spring (= 200 Nim) which has its other end fixed. Ifthe block has a speed of 4.0 m/s as it passes through the equilibrium position, what is its speed when it is 20 em from the equilibrium position? a. 2.6mis \ pare eee eerie rege i bo sims Set eG = Lmoe Lad: es 3.5 mis Sees tee, ac\(noKie 1 mie Lot - bmot-Lury = Ca\(e) - EO VG 23m sug = Ewe “The ANS: PTS: 2 DIF: Average Ve 235m |. A block (mass = 4.0 kg) sliding on a horizontal frictionless surface is attached to one end of a horizontal spring (k = 100 N/m) which has its other end fixed. If the maximum distance the block slides from the equilibrium position is equal to 20 cm, what is the speed of the block at an instant when itisa oe of 16cm i the. equilibrium position? \ poy ot a, Tlem/s o —Leyr = Lend? -Lind- B ooems sine er giba toh & soems 4 Goa) (BOK - 4167) = Yaz 0 d. 87 cm/s 8 eae e. STomis Ye 28-6 m/c ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average A 1.0-kg block is released from rest at the top of frictionless incline that makes an angle of 37° with the horizontal. An unknown distance down the incline from the point of release, there is a spring with = 200 Nim. It is observed that the mass is brought momentarily to rest after compressing the spring 0.20 m, How far does the mass slide from the point of release until itis brought momentarily to rest? GLEE Bek BGs Sel Leg Hy te © 082m O~ Loch OF o~ Vuyur we =ran gp e. 020m os spe Ss KgZ = ue Cfoe ots. & 055m ys sllie Moss veheetys be Lue St ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF! Average k= Chart =0-68m A 20-kg mass is fastened to a light spring (f= 380 N/m) that passes over a pulley as shown. The pulley is frictionless, and the mass is released from rest when the spring is unstretched. After the mass has dropped 0.40 m, what is its speed? Syckew —L(eBo\(o-4 + 2014 BA) = L(t0) OF Op 2:14 9h22 ms 25 mls ce L.9mis d. 15mis e. 3.6mis ANS: A PTS: 2 DIF: Average 24, A spring (k = 600 N/m) is at the bottom of a frictionless plane that makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal. The upper end of the spring is depressed 0.10 m, and a 2.0-kg block is placed against the depressed spring, The system is then released from rest. What is the kinetic energy of the block at the instant it has traveled 0.10 m and the spring has tured to its uncomprgssed length? © 203 Zw=ne , Wsrug = muy ae Crt Lunt yee ghn wef, Covent @ 16) sn (lor) oa? = 21GXersinss = ky e 10d 2.03 Ke ANS: A PTS: 2 DIF: Average 25. A spring (k= 600 Nim) is placed in a vertical position with its lower end supported by a horizontal surface, A 2.0-kg block that is initially 0.40 m above the upper end of the spring is dropped from rest conto the spring. What isthe kinetic energy of the block atthe instant thas fallen 0.50 m (compressing | eeprng00my, So she 5 Waxdg= Bt =Ky pf | eas See: ALOE eo 4 ixe @ | a ser Ler erades)=ce 4 e 655 C83 Ke sama ANS: B PIs: 2 DIF: Average 26. A 2.0-kg block slides down a fixed, rough curved track. The block has a speed of 5.0 m/s after its height above a horizontal surface has decreased by 1.8 m. Assume the block starts from rest. What is ‘the change in mechanical energy of the block caused by the force of friction during this descent? 7 eee ZBeo=be, We Oy = AK 1 Wy -BUs KE ont Wg =Be KY Ug = ALK40) | a =8. 7 e 2 Lady - “ha A (Qe - j aL Qdesde 2 Aye-g) = -i\or2 73ANS: C PTS: 2 DIF: Average 27. A1.5-kg block sliding on a rough horizontal surface is attached to one end of a horizontal spring (k= 200 N/m) which has its other end fixed. If this system is displaced 20 cm horizontally from the ‘equilibrium position and released from rest, the block first reaches the equilibrium position with a speed of 2.0 m/s. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the horizontal 6 on which itslides? ¢ WS Oe , Ud, a ehedp -Syole 0.34 ns Lee - Le? pea +¥de 924 eA PAs Leys Pepa ang % BE Gy age d 048 $S(goe\(20K00" )*amps gsi: ‘Nea Ssh) e& 017 Azoth ANS: A PTS: 2 DIF: Average 28. A.0.75-kg sphere is released from rest and is moving 5.0 m/s after falling 2.0 m ina viscous medium, ‘What is the change in mechanical energy caused by the force the viscous medium exerts on the sphere during this descent? 54) Eg a -6.13 By $6! ie f a kt +! 4 (Re-&\ 333 i 68) L (ors \bs\ eae cy 275 < -S303 ANS: C PIs: 2 DIP: Average 29. A 12-kg projectile is launched with an initial vertical speed of 20 m/s. It rises to a maximum height of 18 m above the launch point. What is the change in mechanical energy caused by the dissipate (ir) resistive force onthe projectile during this ascent? A) AE ca) a -0.64 kd b. 0.40 KS AP AGE Dae, Qxrerpation ? Be nat ta 4&8) @ 228 Negev aba] ot E Ques? nig i) (e 3 @. 0.76 KI cetera ANS: D PIS: 2 DIF: Average 30. A 10-kg object is dropped from rest. After falling a distance of 50 m, it has a speed of 26 m/s. What is the change in mechanical energy caused by the dissipative (air) resistive on the object during this wey E8F BE nek 5 ay EAE nel Oe aa, ap ualy yo! ong G6) a. 20x) = S (0) (263% 104-8) (50) = ~ 1820T e -23kI = ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average 31. The block shown is released from rest when the spring is stretched a distance d. If k= 50 N/m, 0.50 ke, d= 10 cm, and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the horizontal surface is equal to 0.25, determine the speed of the block when it first passes through the position for which the spring is unstretched eae Zw= AK 5 Wwe = Ewe =~ Ee sheer GG A) = tle EG org BN deste = LSE 3 Meng Lele) 0-26 (0-5)G-2Mo.a) = Gs yub 20 WM) 2 Ups $sa. 92.em/s b. 61 om/s © Tcmis a Semis fe. S3.em/s ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: Challenging 32. A 2.0-kg block sliding on a rough horizontal surface is attached to one end of a horizontal spring (k= 250 N/m) which has its other end fixed. The block passes through the equilibrium position with a speed of 2.6 m/s and first comes to rest at a displacement of 0.20 m from equilibrium. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the hc ynital Larasett d= = OE amoly — (2. Bos Siw = Ak = MR, £22, (0-2-6) 2 058 Wea ee s GO 5 Like xg) 4 he’ 190 = - 05) a 019 LCase) © -@-23) — POWG-ayo-2) 2-2-6)? . © 0.26 . x0 448 | ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average | 33. Ina given frictionless displacement of a particle, its kinetic energy increases by 25 J while its potential energy decreases by 10 J. Determine the work of the nonconservative forces acting on the particle during this displacement. a EEE ee! es Zw = BE eG = AKO) b +355 ShK sau ® +153 DT 10 =16 7 -35) e455) ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 34. A particle is acted upon by only two forces, one conservative and one nonconservative and neither being a force of friction, as it moves from point A to point B. The kinetic energies of the particle at points A and B are equal if Le = 2 qt Zw = AK > eet D3 an the sum of the works of the two forces is zero. . the work of the conservative force is equal to the work of the nonconservative force. © £ py ng e.the work of the conservative foree is zero. = 4d. the work of the nonconservative force is zero. Ahn Wr AW 20 ¢. None of the above. aoe | ANS: A PIS: 1 DIF: Easy 35, A 1.2-kg mass is projected down a rough circular track (radius = 2.0 m) as shown. The speed of the mass at point A is 3.2 m/s, and at point B, itis 6.0 m/s. What is the change in mechanical energy done ‘on the system between A and B by the force of friction? Zar BED =u ot uns (h,-Q) =L GA G6--9) 123s) = - 206 JPTs: 2 DIF: Average 36. A 1.2-kg mass is projected up a rough circular track (radius = 0.80 m) as shown. The speed of the mass | | af point A is 8.4 m/s, and at point B, it is 5.6 m/s. What is the change in mechanical energy between A and B caused by the force of friction? Zo > AG el 7 2 Loh vb} ong E,- &) 2S UAE OED 2G) UO = -At0T DIP: Average 37. A 3.0-kg mass is dropped from the edge of a 50-m tall building with an initial speed of zero. The mass strikes the ground with a downward velocity of 25 m/s. Find the change in mechanical energy of the mass caused by air resistance between the point where it is dropped and the point where it strikes the ground? a0. Zor need Oasys Chee when Ge-@ | = G) (25*- 3G) Ge) = Ses |© 061K d. 0.3810 | €. ~O81 KI | ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average . A 2,0-kg mass is projected vertically upward from ground level with an initial speed of 30 mvs. The mass rises to a maximum height of 35 m above ground level. What is the change in mechanical energy of the mass caused by air resistance between the point of projection and the point of maximum height? Qa Zags sre , vores 2 Lup ve) +g (Ze -2) | b. -0.47kI PoCorservctive 5 BE gs, = & Covrbery 26-2) 5} ©. -0.69 KI = 24s | ANS: A PTS: 2 DIF: Average ). A 25-kg block on a horizontal surface is attached to a light spring (force constant = 8,0 kN/m). The | ‘block is pulled 10 om to the right from its equilibrium position and released from rest. When the block | has moved 2.0 em toward its equilibrium position, its kinetic energy is 12 J. What is the change in mechanical energy caused by the frictional force on the block as it moves the 2.0 em? ‘ 2c a 4.03 Dwshk; Moxie = Se - at b. W357 + gard gee © 24) LK - Len, su = Sm’ Leg (ooxd 64 *) a 295 Rane £ e 153 ups H2-&ey | ANS: C PTS: 2 DIF: Average | |. The two masses in the figure are released from rest. After the 3.0-kg mass has fallen 1.5 m, itis moving with a speed of 3.8 mvs. What is the change in mechanical energy done on the system during this time interval by the frictional force on the 2.0 kg mass? a -125 b -175 ce -203 d. 8.05 e -285 ANS: D PIS: 2 DIF: Average41, A2.0-kg block is projected down a plane that makes an angle of 20° with the horizontal with an initial kinetic energy of 2.0 J. If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and plane is 0.40, how far will the block slide down the plane before coming to rest? a 3.0m Pore fueeeeeeaeery a 30m Zp hcl |g: BEnadl Cae he mel ng Re -@h e 13m Beds WSO K = 2 mG RSiNG) + Sovde Pov KE ANS: A DIF: Challenging” if 2. 42, A large spring is used to stop the cars after they come down the last ill of a roller Soaster. The cars start at rest at the top of the hill and are caught by a mechanism at the instant their velocities at the bottom are zero. Compare the compression of the spring, xa, for a fully loaded car with that, xp, for a lightly loaded car when ma = 2s, ANS: © Prs: 2 DIF: Average 43, A small lead sphere of mass m is hung from e spring of spring constant &. The gravitational potential energy of the system equals zero at the equilibrium position of the spring before the weight is attached. “The total mechanical energy of te system when the mass ig hanging at res is a te 2 2 2 i 2 rt ok Ot U,= set Lx Paid ° © 0. a1 ee eee. ANS: B prs: 1 DIF: Easy 44. Cubical blocks of mass m and side / are piled up in a vertical column. The total gravitational potential ‘energy of a column of three blocks is a5 me 6 3mgl. 9 yet d. 6mgl, e. Smgl. k= 59 GuE= sha)45. 46. 41. ANS: C PTS: 2 DIF: Average An all-terrain vehicle of 2 000 kg mass moves up a 15.0° slope at a constant velocity of 6.00 m/s, The rate of change of gravitational potential energy with time is 5.25 kW. R248 kW ei Fe . wad Z leew. zmgeind W) Gs Gad Xe & AB9 kW. = 2000 4.251.056) CS =- 30-449 ANS: PTS: 2 DIF: Average ‘A pendulum bob has potential energy Up when held taut in a horizontal position. The bob falls until it is 30° away from the horizontal position, when it has potential energy Ua. It continues to fall until the sitting is vertical, when it has potential energy Us. Compare its potential energies at O, A, and B. @ Up Ux=2(Un = Ua). ANS: C PIS: 1 DIF: Easy ‘A spring with spring constant & = 800 N/m is compressed 12 cm from its equilibrium position. A spring with spring constant k= 400 N/m has the same elastic potential energy as the first spring when its extension is, i a 2. 0060.m 2 KK oo 12)" adoe X* %. 0.085 m, us 8 ¢ © 012m 0.17 m. ©. 0.24m. ANS: D PIs: 2 DIF: Average48. A spring with spring constant k = 800 Nim is extended 12 cm from its equilibrium position. A spring. with 6.0 em extension from equilibrium will have the same potential energy as the fist spring if its sing conn go U2. | EK r= RRL, Qoo(a)*= «, 6) b. 400 Nim. ee ©, 800.N/m, Ka=B2en/, 4. 1600Nim. @ 3200 Nim. ANS: E, PTS: 2 DIF: Average 49. A champion athlete can produce one horsepower (746 W) for a short period of time. Ifa 70-ke athlete were to bicycle to the summit of @ 500-m high mountain while expending power at this rate, she would have used at least___ J of energy. ht Penal 464 BV sec) 3,73 x 10° d. 7.46 x 10° SRAMMGT © 2.61 10" ANS: B PTs: 2 DIF: Average 50, A champion athlete can produce one horsepower (746 W) for a short period of time. [Fa 70-kg athlete were to bieycle to the summit of a 500-m high mountain while expending power at this rate, she would reach the summit in___ seconds. 5 1 QE BAEK @®40 2ttB 446 «500 4. 1000 az z ©. 35000 =4S948 ANS: B prs: 2 DIF: Average 31. A champion athlete can produce one horsepower (746 W) for a short period of time. The number of 16 com high steps a 70 kg athlete could ascend in one minute while expending one horsepower is, ne d= 8h ke "5° tea)" = 6 Sahm c 65. ot Os, # Sees = S24. astag ANS: D PIs: 2 DIF: Average 52, Objects A and B, of mass M and 22 respectively, are each pushed a distance d straight up an inclined plane by a force F parallel to the plane, The coefficient of kinetic fi plane has the same value yy. At the highest point a. Ky=Fd=Ks. b. Ke=(F—iMg cos0)d; Ka = (F ~ 2uilMeg c080)d. ©. Ky=(F~Mg sin0)d; Ko = (F ~ 2Mg sin@)a. dh K,=(F = Mg sin® ~ upg cos0)e Kp On. = (F — Mg sin — jayMg cos®) ANS: E 2 DIF: Average G Mg sin® ~ xg cos0)d. K F ~ 2Mg sin ~ 2uxMg cos0)d.53, As an object moves from point A to point B only two forces act on it: one force is nonconservative and does ~30 J of work, the other foree is conservative and does +50 J of work. Between A and B, the Kinetic energy of object increases, mechanical energy decreases. the Kinetic energy of object decreases, mechanical energy decreases. c. the kinetic energy of object decreases, mechanical energy increases. the kinetic energy of object increases, mechanical energy increases. €. None of the above. ANS: A PTS: I DIF: Easy 54, As an object moves from point A to point B only two forces act on it: one force is conservative and does ~70 J of work, the other force is nonconservative and does +50 J of work. Between A and B, a. the kinetic energy of object increases, mechanical energy increases. the kinetic energy of object decteases, mechanical energy increases, ©. the kinetic energy of object decreases, mechanical energy decreases. d._ the kinetic energy of object increases, mechanical energy decreases e. None of the above, ANS: B PIS: 1 DIF: Easy 55. An astronaut tosses a ball out in space where gravitational forces may be neglected. What will happen tothe ball? a. Itwill stop as soon as the force the astronaut gave itis used up. bb. Itwill stop when the energy the astronaut gave it runs out, ¢. [twill stop after @ short time because there is no gravity to keep it moving. 4. Itwill move in a circle like a boomerang. © Itwill be slowed down very gradually by collisions with molecules in space. ANS: E PTs: 1 DIF: Easy 56. Which of the following is a conservative force? (All refer to a car on a slope.) a, The force you exert on the car pushing it uphill. b. The force exerted by rain drops falling on the car. ¢._ The frictional force of the road on the car. @ The gravitational force acting on the car. ’e. The force you exert on the car (pushing it uphill after it stats to slide downhill ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 57. Fora force to be a conservative force, when applied to a single test body a. it must have the same value at all points in space. b, it must have the same direction at all points in space. €. itmmust be parallel to a displacement in any direction. 4, equal work must be done in equal displacements. no net work must be done for motion in closed paths. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 58. The force a spring exerts on a body is a conservative force because a. a spring always exerts a force opposite to the displacement of the body. b. aspring always exerts a force parallel to the displacement of the body. cc. the work a spring does on a body is equal for compressions and extensions of equal magnitude, ._ the work a spring does on a body is equal and opposite for compressions and extensions of ‘equal magnitude.39. 60, 61. 62, ® the net work a spring does on a body is zero when the body returns to its initial position. ANS: EB PTS: 1 DIF: Easy Identical masses m are attached to identical springs of spring constant k suspended from the ceiling, With both masses hanging in their equilibrium positions, mass A is pulled down 10 em and released while mass B is pushed up 10 em and released. Which statement is correct? a. Mass A will travel a smaller distance to its highest point than mass B will travel to its, lowest point. b. Mass A will travel a greater distance to its highest point than mass B will travel to its lowest point. Masses A and B will travel equal distances between their highest and lowest points. More work was done on mass A by the extending force than on mass B by the compressing force. . The total work done on mass A by the extending force was equal to the total work done on ‘mass B by the compressing force. ANS: € PIs: 3 DIF: Challenging Objects A and B, of mass M and 2M respectively, are each pushed a distance d straight up an inclined plane by a force F parallel to the plane. The coefficient of kinetic friction between each mass and the lane has the same value ps. At the highest point, Ka> Ke Ka Ke. ce. Kiwen © vy = 20, = S50, = d. vy =2va=3v3 = 4vq. e 3 Y gael vas ph ANS: C PIS: 3 DIF: Challenging 69. Any change of the energy of a system occuts because of energy transfer across the boundaries of the system. combustion of fuels within the system. ¢, radioactive decay of elements within the system. 4d. all of the above. e. only (b) and (c) above. ANS: A PIs: 1 DIF: Easy70. Two masses, M, and Mz, with My = 2Mz, are released at the same time and allowed to fall straight down, Neglect air resistance. When we compare their kinetic energies after they have fallen equal distances, we find that a Kp=Ke PIs: 1 DIF: Easy 71. Two masses, My and Mp, with My = 2Mg, are released at the same time and allowed to fall straight down. Neglect air resistance. When we compare their kinetic energies after they have fallen for equal times, we find that PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 72. A6.0-kg block slides along a horizontal surface. If 4. = 0.20 for the block and surface, at what rate is ‘the jon force changing the mechanical energy of the block at an instant when its speed is 4.0 m/s? é —9W Pa = $vbsiae 47 W aw. Davy Cos 16 d, -82W = — DWN © 41W = OSCE I-A) 2-4 FW ANS: B PIS: 2 DIF: Average 73. At what rate i the gravitational force on a 2.0-kg projectile doing work at an instant when the velocity of the projectile is 4.0 m/s directed 30° above the horizontal? a. 439W es b. -78W Prev Ow asin) Lv) Cos Bo +8 = -wgging W) ae ae ig sese(s) 23 ANS: C PTS: 2 DIF; Average 74, A2.0-kg block slides down a plane (inclined at 40° with the horizontal) at a constant speed of 5.0 m/s ‘At what rate is the gravitational force on the block doing work? 6 iy DeEN. egsine iv) bse oe %. zeto = 2-2)sin4o G) a 45w © -75W = ow ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average 75. The speed of a 4.0-kg object is given by » = (20) mvs, where ¢is in s. At what rate is the resultant force ‘on this object doing work at t= 1s? ow Carotani Pee mW Pf, Weamet, pA LICE) occa 6 wiPTS: 3 DIF: Challenging 76. A.3.0-kg block is on « frictionless horizontal surface. The block is at rest when, at 1=0, a force (magnitude P = 2.0'N) acting at an angle of 22° above the horizontal is applied to the block. At what rate is the force P doing work at r= 2.0 s? ° Ow P= (Prsoyy costed z co co 14W = 2 Cese\W) 2522 © 1IW— caagyeone: VeVverat 20x00); phism, A= =e eaten ye UOoett(a) , Hee D = 2 GsOr) 2B) 22a ANS: A prs: 29 tee DIF: Challenging a 77. A.1.6-kg block slides down a plane (inclined at 25° with the horizontal) at a constant speed of 2.0 m/s. ‘At what rate is the frictional force changing the mechanical energy of the block? a H8W mAtind-L=0 2 PL =\ +8) Sink a EW watnG G0 + Lo maging = 1619-8) & @-Bw ei bal 2A 6(4-B)SINT (2) Ges (RO 4. -28W e. 465 W eao-3@o ANS: C PTS: 2 DIF: Average 78. A.3.0-kg block is on a horizontal surface. The block is at rest when, at r= 0, a force (magnitude P= 12 1) acting parallel to the surface is applied to the block causing it to accelerate. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the surface is 0.20. At what rate is the force P doing work on the block at 1= 2.0 s? 2M aw fe er fe @) ow = ah 44W ral a sw » Wevorat 20402) . uw = pute = 2228 IAD (ad) 2 48.HGo ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF:* Challenging 3 79, Starting from rest at = 0, a 5.0-kg block is pulled across a horizontal surface by & constant horizontal force having a magnitude of 12 N. Jf the coefficient of frietion between the block and the surface is 0.20, at what rate is the 12-N force doing work at«=5.0s?7 ©-£ sma a. O.13kW \2 -wN= ite : babe BAS Or, (1-0-2 (58) O12 kW NV =vorat =O4 122025) G9 (5) 26W is i 5 e 12W =i. (a -0-2¢5 WO-a) = 2 ANS: D DIF: Average 80. Two equal masses are raised at constant velocity by ropes that run over pulleys, as shown below. Mass Bis raised twice as fast as mass A. The magnitudes of the forces are F and Fs, while the power | supplied is respectively P, and Py. Which statement is correct? | | |pore, Banh Gree tak Uae Fai Pp = Pa. 2 DIF: Average PROBLEM 81. A rain cloud contains 2.66 x 10” kg of water vapor. How long would it take for a 2.0 kW pump to lift the same amount of water to an altitude of 2.000 m? Eup a ngk 2.6616 (4-2) 20v2) power =o ake » tS 2a?) ANS: 8.26 years = 268 s ee PTS: 2 DIF: Average = KM ron 43S oe 82. A surprising demonstration involves dropping an egg from a third-floor window to land on a foam- rubber pad 2 in (5 em) thick without breaking, If a 56-gram egg falls 12 m, and the foam pad stops the egg in 6.25 ms, by how much is the pad compressed? ANS: 48cm PTS: 3 DIF: Challenging 83. A70-kg high jumper leaves the ground with a vertical velocity of 6.0 m/s. How high can he jump? Ea ga ae ANS: zh = 4a,e : 184m QR. wt 3c 7 +836 m 24 209-8 PTs: 2 DIF: Average 84, A simple pendulum, 2.0 m in length, is released from rest when the support string is at an angle of 25° from the vertical. What is the speed of the suspended mass at the bottom of the swing? ANS: mgd i Lewo™ 1.9 m/s (e-tose) S se oll® 6.92625) Lot a VaR HAPTS: 2 DIF: Average 85. While running, a person dissipates about 0.6 J of mechanical energy per step per kilogram of body mass. If a 60-kg person runs with a power of 70 Watts during @ race, how fast is the person running? Assume a running step is 1.5 m long, ANS: 2.92 m/s, 86, When an automobile moves with constant velocity the power developed is used to overcome the frictional forces exerted by the air and the road. If the power developed in an engine is 50.0 hp, what ‘otal frictional force acts on the car at 55 mph (24.6 m/s)? One horsepower equals 746 W. ANS: Perv 1520 50(446) wy So PIs: 2 DIF: Average t= Pe 24.6 ah | | i | | PIs: 3 DIF: Challenging | TSIEN