EccS MLM curoecan convention FOR CONSTRUCTIONAL STEELWORK CECM GONVENTION EUROPEENNE DELA CONSTRUCTION METALLIQUE eKs MNP curRopAiscHE KONVENTION FUR STAHLBAU ECCS - Advisory Committee 5 Application of Eurocode 3 Examples to Eurocode 3 FIRST EDITION 1993 N°71ECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 ECCS EUROPEAN CONVENTION FOR CONSTRUCTIONAL STEELWORK CECM CONVENTION EUROPEENNE DE LA CONSTRUCTION METALLIQUE EKS EUROPAISCHE KONVENTION FUR STAHLBAU ECCS - Advisory Committee 5 Application of Eurocode 3 Examples to Eurocode 3 FIRST EDITION 1993 N°71 FREE Download Publications www.ecespublications.euECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 All rights reserved. No past of this publicationmay be reproduced, stored in a retriaval system, or transmitted in any form cor by any means, electronic, machanical, protocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Copyright owner ECCS General Secretariat CECM Avenue des Ombrages, 32/96 ble 20, EKS _B-1200 BRUSSEL (Belgium) Tel. $2/2-762 04 29 Fax 32/2-762 09 35 ECCS assumes no liabilty with respect to the use for any application of the material and information contained in this publication. FREE Download PublicationsECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 Introduction ‘The European Convention for Structural Steelwork (ECCS) has as one of its primary objectives the promotion of the safe and economical use of steel in structures. ECCS believes that the introduction of the harmonized Eurocodes has a great value in achieving this objective; accordingly ECCS has set up an Advisory Committee, AC 5, charged with the task of promoting the introduction and adoption of the Eurocodes, ‘The AC § Committee have considered how this process could be best achieved and concluded that a three stage approach was desirable. The first stage was to produce a concise version of the Eurocodes which can be used for normal every day design; this part has already been issued as ECCS Publication No. 65. The second stage is the production of this document which gives design examples to EC 3/1 and E-EC 3 and has been prepared as a design aid to facilitate the use of EC 3/1 for the design of steel buildings during the ENV period. These examples concentrate on those aspects which are likely to be needed for dally practical design work The third and final stage will be the production of a series of “Design Aids” which will enable the design process to be made more quickly by using tabulated or graphical values for the various design formula contained in EC 3/1 ‘The combination of these three documents will enable practising engineers to more easily adopt to the use of the new Eurocodes and should rave a beneficial heip in their speedy introduction. FREE Download Publications www.ecespublications.euECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 Scope These Design Examples to EC 3/1 and E-EC 3 have been prepared by the ECCS - Advisory Committee AC 5 as a design aid in supplement to the complete EC 3/1 to facilitate the use of EC 3/1 for the design of steel buildings in the ENV-period. ‘The Design Examples only contains examples to EC 3/1 and E-EC3 that are likely to be needed for daily practical design work. ‘The y values used in this document are the values recommended in EC 3 main document. These values may deviate from the values recommended in the National Application Documents (NAD) of the member states. ‘The ECCS - Advisory Committee § is at present composed of the following members: Norway Turkey United Kingdom Italy United Kingdom Germany Gemperle, C. Switzeriand Gettins, HJ. (Chairman) United Kingdom Lequien, Ph. France Lutteroth, A. Germany Schleich, J.B. Luxemiourg Sediacek, G. Germany Lundin, K. ‘Sweden ‘The Committee gratefully obtained contributions from: Braham, M. Luxemsourg Gerardy. J.C. Luxem2ourg Grotmann, D. Germany Taylor, J.C. United Kingdom AAiso particular thanks are given to the ECCS Technical Committees TC 8 and TC 10 who have contributed to the work. References. (1) EC.3/1: ENV 1999-1-1 Eurocode 3: Part 1.1 (2) EEC 3: Essentials of Eurocode 3 - Design Manual for Stee! Structures in Buildings. ECCS- Publication No. 65 (3) References to EC 3/1 are given in brackets (...] (4) References to E-EC 3 are given without brackets FREE Download Publications www.ecespublications.euECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 Contents Introduction Scope Part voce sarees wd Load combination Example 1.1.1 Example 1.1.2 Braced portal frame Purlin treated as a continuous beam ee “Xe Zz , me é cha one we OS Example 1.1.3 page Example 1.1.4 Single storey frame Crane girder eS 4 PE Example Single storey frame including a crane aye |, 1.2 Methods of analysis 14 Example 1.2.1 page Continuous beam (plastic - plastic) Continuous beam (elastic - plastic) with limited redistribution yes 15 SS re 16 sss z z Ss Example 1.2.3 Example 1.2.4 page Continuous beam (elastic - elastic) 17 Se | ag —= Ss Continuous beam (elastic - plastic) without limited redistribution www.ecespublications.eu FREE Download PublicationsECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 1.3. Frame analysis : “ 19 Example 1.3.1 page Example 1.3.2 page Calculation of a sway frame Determination of frame imperfections ] 20 23 3 Bracing system analysis 25 Example 1.4.1 page Example 1.4.2 page A frame is braced by a bracing A frame is braced by a frame system 26 27 Example 1.4.3 page Example 1.4.4 page A frame is braced by a bracing Bracing system imperfections for a system wind bracing FEN 7 28 4 29 wolf neki | was | 7 ge AN a a —_ —— ent FREE Download Publications www.ecespublications.euECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 Part 2 _— _ ae . 30 24 Members: in compression + oe = “ 5 ae Example 2.1.1 |_ page Example 2.1.2 page Circular hollow section as a column HEB profile as column | 2 3 Example 2.1.3 page Example 2.1.4 page Cold formed RHS as a strut of a Angle as a may of a lattice ea lattice girder 34 GER ss S ~ Sf aay = YY fe Example 24.5 pave "=: Cold formed RHS- v__ (class 4 cross-section) * a? ve: id [Dot 22 Members in bending . 7 Example 2.24 mae Example 2.22 ae Single span beam Single span beam with lateral torsional ucklng Ze neem LA 38 a 40 ac = = Sa rl Example 2.2.3 page Example 2.2.4 page ‘Single span beam with shear buckling Class 4 cross-section loaded in veriigaton co. «| “ —- TL . SS FREE Download Publications www.ecespublications.euECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 2.3 Combined loading - Bending and compression 47 Example 2.3.1 page | Example 2.3.2 page RHS column loaded in bending and HEA profile loaded in bending and 1} 2 axial compression ‘axial compression eis “ so Example 2.3.3 page Example 2.3.4 page Column of a frame Rafter of a frame 2.4 Local stresses . : ‘ e ‘ 6 Example 2.4.1 page Example 2.4.2 page Design of transverse stiffeners Design of intermediate transverse r stiffeners —_— a - zine w me a= == Example 2.4.3 page Example 2.4.4 page Axially loaded column supported by a Load introduction of wheel toads from beam cranes The 65 pas _, 67 a ———— Example 2.4.5, page Beam supported by a beam (class 4 cross-section) @ jaw 69 fa o \ FREE Download Publications www.ecespublications.euECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 PATIO) ceuemnomeaieines ; n 3.1 Bolted connections ........-.- 55. e eee eee cece nee eee eee 72 Example 3.1.1 page Example 3.1.2 page Bolted connection of a tension Erection splice at mid span of a lattice ‘member to @ gusset plate girder i, nm | meeeesenetaes | - ee Example 3.1.3 page Example 3.1.4 page ‘Angle connected to a gusset plate Fin plate connection to H section column + _ oe “|| aie Ge 7 — 7 — © — ice + ne " Example 3.1.5 page Example 3.1.6 page Fin plate connection to RHS column Flexible end plate connection £ { at 83 Example 3.1.7 page Example 3.1.8 page Beam to beam connection with cleats Splice of an unsymmetrical I-section 85 28 Example 3.1.9 page Bolted end plate connection s1 FREE Download PublicationsECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 3.2 Welded connections . 96 Example 3.2.1 page page Double angle welded to a gusset plate 7 38 page Example 9.2.4 page Welded beam to column connection Welded beam to column connection without stiffeners with stiffeners, 100 103 Example 3.2.5 page Hollow section lattice girder joint - 107 Example 3.3.1 page 108 Annex A ..... a 109 Tabled reduction factors for buckling curves a,, a, b, ¢, d FREE Download Publications www.ecespublications.euECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 Part 1 Load combination Methods of analysis Frame analysis Bracing system analysis FREE Download PublicationsECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 4.1 Load combination ‘These examples demonstrate how the design values of action effects (Near Vas Mss: etc) are determined from the load assumptions. The further steps of design are not treated in this part ‘An action is @ force (load) applied to the structure or an imposed deformation (e.g. temperature effects or settlements). Characteristic (unfactored) values of these actions are specified in ENV 1991 Eurocode 1 or other relevant loadings codes. These values of actions shall be multiplied by relevant safety factors and combination factors, see chapter “Combinations of actions” in ENV 1993 Eurocode 3 or Table 2.1 in the Essentials of Eurocode 3 to determine the design values of the effects of actions. The following examples show the method of determination of the maximum ‘effects of actions. Not all possible combinations of actions are presented nor are relevant ‘combinations worked out. In practice, one wil collect experience to easily find out which load combination is decisive for verification of the structures. ‘The following examples are included in this chapter: Example 1.1.1: Braced portal frame Example 1.1.2: Purlin treated as continuous beam Example 1.1. Single s.orey frame without crane girder Example 1.1.4: Crane grder Example 1.1. Single storey frame with a crane girder FREE Download PublicationsECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 Problem, Sketch, Calculation Reference ‘Chavactaiste untactored) values of actions are ‘specified in ENV 1991 Eurocode 1 or oter relevant lending codes. “Tho etiects of impertections shall always be taken Inte accouat in both fst and second order theory. Here: Frame imperfections are considered Example lan eae ees 1 i sh 1, Systom and foad contiguration Table 56 = 106610" mun? Span 9 Diarbuton of iterna frees Internal forces and moments {atects of actions) uo 10 6 uo 10 W {6010 impertecons ‘xe responses of te stucture tothe loading fac ‘equivalent horizontal nit lovee Fy = tions). Design values of the intra forces and ‘moments are determined trom the design facto {0g} values of fondling Using elastic or pleste glo ‘al analysis Here: Using elastic global analysis, ts or theo- Fy with untactoed loading by separating in single ‘tons. This simplifies the decision of which load ‘comblnation gves the wort elec. TH WOW, 3, Relevant fond combinations 3.1 Relevant load combination for max compression fore in the cohimn {permanent + imposed load (1,286 + 1,5P)) “Te efit of fousing Is orantes In he same tection ‘he ettec of loading is oiented in we same ‘he etlect af dead losd counteracts the effect ot wind loading ta colar 1) FREE Download PublicationsECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 Problem, Sketch, Calculation Reference Commentary {4 Relevant load combination for max compression force inthe beam (petmaneat + wind load (1,356 + 1,54) Table 21 ‘Tho ett of loading is oienta inthe sare di [2331.09 and (6)) | reeton Inpertocton: = 2e(1,95e480)/200 » 648 kN ‘maximum compression force In beam (3; Nay = 15300 ¢ 640408 = 482KN FREE Download PublicationsECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 Problem, Sketch, Calculation Reference Example 1.1.2: Partin tremted as n contlauous beam [ae otal 1: Pua Puslins aro latory resaned by cladding + sulent resistance to provent miner axis No impartaction eftects This load combination leads tothe tollowleg foots: rn M,, (tong, “max Vas (hear) ‘max Fy, (enction) Tobie 2.1 233.11) and Bo a otsional buckling) ‘in vow of erection an IPE 140s chosen, Thi load cornbination loads tothe tolowing of fects: 3 torsional buckling) For tools In generat les svingent values may be ved 4.21.2) FREE Download PublicationsECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 Problem, Sketch, Calculation xample 1.1.3: Single storey frame System i beam (2) wl ‘cour (6: q beam ae. ‘Stoo grade Load contiguaiion and distribution of moments peimaneat 9 = 30kN/m 5 = 45kN/m Conor Lo Tl st tome eee ee coercion a oT FREE Download Publications Commentary Using ist order tory for deteriing the intemal ferces and moments with 7, = 1,0 for finding out the relevant joad combinationECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 Problem, Sketch, Calculation waa om hte ” we eo Rartio Imperectons (equivalent heizontal unit fore) ‘ It £ Tl 3. Relovant load combinations for ultimate init state vertication tate 21 ‘hi toad combination ieacs to tovowing etter: 3.1 permanent + snow 23318) max Na, at columa (4) and (6) taso+ 15s mex Mart 2, 3,4 and 8 max Raat § and 9 R wis needed for base plate desig. For founda tion design character values ave needs aaa way lmpertectons 523 fs2a3 abe 55, Fque 52.4) FREE Download PublicationsECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 Problem, Sketch, Calculation Maximum effects due to the load combi manent + max Nat column (3 May 20 + 0,361.8 = I736KN fax Nat column (8 Nos ‘max Mat 2 and 4: Ma max M at 3 Me ‘max M at 6: Me permanent + snow ¢ wind $135 (9 + 3 | w) wind is considced for the right cde with wand w, = 10KN/m on ofthe Intl sway Imperfections Calurn (2) dows not contibute to the resistance 1/200 (as demonstrated in 3.1.1) ‘due to load combination permanent + snow + wind 10 + SA) 4 OS+16 = 8298 FREE Download Publications Reference Commentary ax Rat Sand Se equal N, at coluen (4) and (6. ‘This load comnbination loads to the fllowing effect: = mix Rss (feacton horizonta). Rails naaded for baseplate design.ECCS Publication - Examples to Eurocode 3 Problem, Sketch, Calculation Reference ‘No fatigue is incuded nore erat: / Ge a a6 ‘whet loads must be nesses bya dynamic coeicen y= 12 (puely fr calito) att tore nora ces due fo eran, suing, ot) Lateral forces and whee! loads can act together Braking torces are dependent om Interal forces FREE Download Publications