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2K views5 pagesLaurent's Series
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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CHAP. 6] INFINITE SERIES — TAYLOR'S AND LAURENT’S SERIES 165
a Ce ante we) = meee, (0) Find if gl des) Pad
{agent co sop ay ae) an ar Pin
‘en, 0
18. Prove Abel's theorem [Theorem 24, Page 142}.
14 (@) Prove that pL = tae tataat es for ct
(®) If we choose that branch of f(z) = tan~!z such that f(0) =0, use (a) to prove that
2,8 8 /
+57 at
(@) Prove that $=
18. Prove Theorem 25, Page 142.
16) determine Yo) = Shor sth that for alse 1, YO =TO YO <1, Sate a
heen ed and erly thatthe ret iin ation, .
(tet vss tained in (0) ail ete of 214 Jon yor anewer:
(3 show tat Yo) =e etn diferent sgeaton an condo (0
(Gan ne tenty the een) with Baan
Ans, (e) Yo) = 14s+ S48
11. (a) Use series methods on the diferential equation ¥"(2)+¥(@) = 0, ¥(0)
the series expansion
a
aw
(&) How could you obtain a corresponding series for cos 27
0 ¥O)
to obtain
TAYLOR'S THEOREM |
18, Expand each of the following functions in a Taylor series about the indicated point and determine
the region of convergence in each ease,
SP Weneno Wen saae Fare
1 (@ B88 + 42-2;
19. I each of the flowing functions were expanded into a Taylor series about the Indicated points, what
‘would be the region of convergence? Do not perform the expansion.
(a) sina +4; 2=0 (0) @+3M2— eM; 2=2 (0) e/a“ 1); =
() a+ 0; (@ e-* sinh (242) & ) zeoth2s; 2=0
‘Ans. (2) |e] <2, (0) lel 8.
Ana. (a) =
eke @ettart tert ates
9 Expand fl) = Gozjgry m * Laurent series valid for:
@) le) < 1, (AS |e} <2 Co) s] > 2, (A) fe A] > 1, (OS fe 2] <1
1,_8a_Ta Ba wetdalarebeetagiog
feta —Ba Or thetereheatertos
137 1
Og Boa
Ans. (a) =:
(@ ~@— 1-1 = 21-8 = Be I-B = oe
(e) 1 = 22 2)-1 = (2-2) + (6-298 — (2H + 2)
88, Expand f(e) = 1/s(e—2) im a Laurent series valid for. (@) 0 <[e]<2, @) [el >
M. Find an expansion of 2) a> 2.
$5. Expand fl) = U(e—2)* ina Laurent series valid for (@) [el <2 () [el >2
$6, Expand cach of the following functions in a Laurent series about 2~ 0, naming the type of singularity
{in each case.
(@) conse, (0) U0, (0) eH eoshert, @) ste, (0) sinh VE.
5 removable singularity (@) # — a + 57 Fr tvs
sg ordinary point
atts sa ga an
(ane By Ba
+ essential singularity Mic deel
91, Show that if tanz is expanded into a Laurent series about z= */2, (a) the principal part is
=We—/2), (®) the series converges for 0 < |2—r/2| < w/2, (@) #=2/2 is a simple pole. 168 INFINITE SERIES — TAYLOR'S AND LAURENT'S SERIES [oHAP. 6
M2 Test for convergence or divergence: (a) 3 VE, co) SPEEA Gy $ nsin-tvns,
© 3. © Zeotrtn 1) Sno,
Ana. (a) div., (0) conv (€) conv., (d) conv, (¢) div (f) conv.
M3, Euler presented the following argument to show that 3 2*
peetese 3a,
Then adding, ¥ 2 = 0.
im
Explain the fallacy,
@
Te
M4, Show that for Je—3] <1, sing = @—1) +
spend sin in a Maclaurin series. Ans, $ @—#™—Hetnt
15, Expand Mactaur An, 3 Oo sennee
ms ta fH a
U6. Given the wien t+ A Pe
(oF Fhow that the sum of the first n terms is $,(@) = 1428-11420
(Pow that the sum of the series is 14+ for 20, and 0 for 2=0; and hence that
of discontinuity.
(©) Show that the series is not uniformly convergent in the re
58 where 8 >0.
ae—a
U1 If Fle) = ge Pang find a Laurent series of Fle) about 2=1 convergent for 4 < |e—1] <1.
Ana os = Ye -4 + HE 1)8 — fle 1)-2 + EE = = = =
UR Lat) = Gans, Hapa Ge) na Latent er, (0) Detain he rp of en
reece them a ()() Brune fled wher Ct sure with wert a 2
222k Ans. 4-2 2-8
z Fo OHI>0 @ -18
7
119, For each of the functions sel, (sint2)/z, 1/2(4—2) which have singularities at (0) give @
Laurent expansion about = =0 and determine the region of convergence; (6) state in each case whether
2=0 is a removable singularity, essential singularity or a pole; (o) evaluate the integral of the
function about the circle. |e
Ans. (0) 2+ 2-1 + 2-9/1 4 an 8/BE hoy Lal > 0, Be — BN + MOB/AE — os [oO AME
A/G + 2/84 + 24/986 $2005 O< [si <4
(®) essential singularity, removable singularity, pole (c) 2ri, 0, ri/2
128, (@) Investigate the convergence of 3
Page 1487 Ans, (a) diverges
Jing, sints
121, (a) Show that the series B44 SIME
‘the region bounded by sin?2+sinh?y = 1. (6) Graph the region of (a).
(®) Does your answer to (a) contradict Problem 8,
s+) where 2 = 2++in, converges absolutely in
12a If je] >0, prove that
cosh (2+ 1/2) = ey + ole + 1/2) + ele? + 1/8) Foe
where a = LS Moonsco tess de
128, If fa) has simple zeros at 1~i and 1444, double poles at —1+i and —1—~i, but no other finite
singularities, prove that the function must be given by
fe) = «Someta
Greta MAP. 6] INFINITE SERIES — TAYLOR'S AND LAURENT’S SERIES 169
$B sin nel) on
BFE E+ +, jontitying al steps, (int, Use Problem 29)
*
IM, Prove that for alls, esing =
A, Bhow that In 2
TF w= Da Fa
Ws Investigate the uniform convergence of the series
[Hint resolve the wth term into patil fractions and show that the wth partial sum is 5,(2)
1
oe]
‘Ans, Not uniformly convergent in any resgion which includes =
|e| = 4, where 8 is any positive number.
iniformly convergent in a region
Ut it 1-44 4-44 + converges to S, prove that the rearranged series 1+ 4-44 }44—
btbt yobs: = gS. Boplain,
© (Hint, Take 1/2 of the first series and write it,
turm to the first series, Note that = In 2,
then add term by
oF Eso-gsotge
shown in Problem 125.)
Prove that the hypergeometric serice
2b, 4, ale) KO+I) 5 4 o(0+No+2) 640042) 5 4,
1+ Trot * “tegroert) + Teeaeoet Hera ~~
(a) converges absolutely if [2] <1, (#) diverges for |s| > 1, (c) converges absolutely for =
Re(a+b—e} <0, (d) satisfies the differential equation 2(1~2)¥" + (e~ (at b+ N)e}¥’ ~ ab¥
AM, Prove that for [él <1,
cc
tt
ge =
Im Prove that Sy errs
2,
= ee
J, oct an nae al he nine ot an
, By using only properties of infinite series, prove that
ve e aye = eee...
a @ frergegeffisortege} = firern sees.
@ a at .
' sae fos
M1 10) = Zee converses for fo]
