A PAPER PRESENTATION ON

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APPLICATIONS OF NANO TECHNOLOGY
IN TEXTILES
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 introduction
The Textile Industry In India Has Been A Pioneer Industry.
India’s Industrialization In Other Fields Has Mainly Been Achieved On The Back Of
The Resources Generated By This Industry.
The Recent Liberalization Measures Have Presented The Industry
With A Golden Opportunity To Regain Its Last Glory. The Process Has Begun But A
Lot Of Work Remains To Be Done.

Nanotechnology Is Revolutionizing The World

Of Materials. This Important Book Reviews Its
Impact In Developing A New Generation Of
Textile Fibers With Enhanced Functionality And
A Wide Range Of Applications.
Using Nanotechnology, It Is Possible
To Develop Next-Generation Cotton-Based
Fabrics That Can Complement The Advantages
Of Cotton And Man-Made Fibers.

“MISTAKES INCREAES OUR EXPERIENCE &

EXPERIENCE DECREASES OUR MISTAKES”
 NANO FIBRES
Nanofibers, 20-200 nm, which are 10-100times smaller in diameter than
those produced by conventional technology, are produced by electrospun. eSpin offers
custom-made nanofiber nonwoven membranes, whiskers and three-dimensional
structures based on nanofibers.

Nanofiber membranes, paper-like thin products consist of the randomly laid

fibers. They offer high porosity, large pore volume, and high moisture vapour
transmission, as well as a small fiber diameter combined with high surface area, high
absorbency and the ability to hold large numbers of chemically functional groups
NANO SPHERE
Nanosphere impregnation
involves a three-dimensional surface
structure with gel-forming additives
which repel water and prevent dirt
particles from attaching themselves. This
property is comparable to some
phenomena in nature such as the leaves
of the locus plant.
 NANO COMPOSITES
 
 The definition of nano-composite material has broadened significantly to
encompass a large variety of systems such as one-dimensional, two-dimensional,
three-dimensional and amorphous materials, made of distinctly dissimilar
components and mixed at the nanometer scale.
 Nano
Nanoscale
scalefiber
fiber
±±intelligent °tech of synthesis &
intelligentnano
nanofiber
fiber
Nano technology ±±high
highstrength
strengthPET,
PET,nylon
nylonfiber
fiber
modification of

and market ±±high

highperformance
performanceabsorptive
absorptive
nano polymer
filter
filter ° Electrospinning
±±nano
nanocarbon
carbontube,biology
tube,biology
intimation
intimation
Nano composite fiber
Nano coating textiles Nano composite fiber
Nano coating textiles

±±EM ±±anti
antibacteria/stink/dust
EMwave
waveabsorption
absorption Product value of
bacteria/stink/dust
±±ultra nano-fiber/textile ±±anti
antimelting,flame
melting,flameretardant,
ultradurl
durl will
retardant,
hydrophobic/hydrophilic worth 150 billion in
hydrophobic/hydrophilic coming 2-3 years few
fewsmoke
smoke
interface
interface ±±UV
UVororradiant
radiantwave
wave
±±nano
nanocoating
coatingproducts
products absorption
absorption
°tech of nano scale organic ±±Far-IR
Far-IRhealth
healthseeking
seeking
High performance dyestuff/pigment
High performance dyestuff/pigment
synthesis
±±high ±±inductive,
inductive,electricity
electricity
°control tech of size highfastness/color
fastness/coloryield
yield
±±high restrain/induction
restrain/induction
distribution/size of nano highbrilliant
brilliantdyestuff
dyestuff
particle ±±light
lightpenetration
penetration
°stability and compounding stability
tech of nano particle stability
 Nano-technology in Fiber and Textile
Manufacturing
In this recent advances made in nanotechnology and its applications
to cotton textiles and fibers. We have classified our review in two main areas :
(a) applications of nanotechnology in fibers and yarn production and,
(b) applications in fabric finishing .
It is well known that the fabrics made of natural cotton fibers and
those made of man-made synthetic fibers have their own advantages and
limitations.
The intention here is to demonstrate that the advancement of
nanotechnology brings the possibility of developing next-generation cotton based
fabrics that could complement the advantages of cotton and man-made fibers.
Applications of nano-fibers and composites:
Filtration
Medical Application
Nanofiber Composite Construction

Fiber Type Fiber size, in Fiber surface area per mass of

Micrometer fiber material m2/g
Nanofibers 0.05 80
Spunbond
Fiber Type fiber 20 size, in Micrometer
Fiber 0.2 area per mass of fiber
Fiber surface
material m2/g
Melt blown fiber 2.0 2
Nanofibers 0.05 80
Spunbond fiber 20 0.2
Melt blown fiber 2.0 2
 Advances in Nano-Fiber/Yarn
Developments
The discovery of Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT) has led to the exploration of high
strength and superior performance fibers.

Recently, high-performance yarns were produced through super-aligned arrays of

carbon nanotubes Such yarns exhibit extraordinary mechanical properties, viz.,

the Young’s modulus in the TPa range, tensile strength of about 200 GPa, elastic
strain up to 5 %, and breaking strain about 20%.

Such yarns provide specific mechanical properties (such as strength, toughness,

energy damping capability, etc.), which then can be deployed to produce electronic
textiles for supporting multi-functionalities, such as capability for actuation, energy
storage capacity, radio or microwave absorption, electrostatic discharge protection,
textile heating, or wiring for electronic devices

The desired functionality in the fibers can also be obtained by embossing the
surface of synthetic fibers with nano structures .

Moreover, integration of nano-sized antimicrobial particles into textile fibers can

lead to the development of superior wound dressings.
 Advances in Fabric Finishes
The recent advancement of fabric finishes is greatly contributed to the
advancement in the area of Nano-technology.

One of the leading companies to implement the nano-technology is Nano-Tex

TM. They have developed several fabric treatments such as
(a) permanent anti-static treatment;
(b) wrinkle free treatment using moisture-wicking technology;
(c) stain resistance and oil repellent treatments; and
(d) “nanobeads” to carry bioactive or anti-biological agents, drugs,
pharmaceuticals, sun blocks, and even textile dyes by developing the novel
nano-technologies (Nano- Care, Nano-Pel, Nano-Touch and Nano-Press
technology)
These treatments onto textile substrates permanently alter properties of the
textiles and are claimed to exhibit superior durability, softness, tear strength,
abrasion resistance and capable of providing softness to durable press
garments.
 
 Such coated polymeric composite materials can be used in microwave
attenuation, EMI shielding, and dissipation of static electric charge. Hence, they can
be useful for military applications, e.g., camouflage, stealth technology, etc

By combining the nano-particles with the organic and inorganic compounds, the
surfaces of the fabrics treated with abrasion resistant, water repellent, ultraviolet
(UV), electromagnetic and infrared protection finishes can be appreciably modified.

Recently, the titanium-dioxide nano particles have been utilized for the UV
protection Also by using nano-sized silicon dioxide, improvements in the strength
and flame-resistance of textile fabrics can be achieved .

The usage of nano engineered cross-link agents during finishing process

enhances the wrinkle resistance of cotton fabric.

The newly developed micro encapsulation technique is being used in textile

industry for flame or fire retardant (FR) agents. Microcapsules containing silver
nano-particles (Silver Cap) are also being investigated for providing anti-microbial
effects
 
Wicks Body Moisture
•
Dries Quickly
•
Breathable Fabric

Superior Water and Oil

repellency
•
Unsurpassed Durability
•
Breathable Fabric
 
Liquid and Oil Repellent

•
Wrinkle Resistance
•
Breathable Fabric Nanosilver:
Sustainable Antimicrobial Textiles
Silver effective for a wide range of antimicrobial applications
Many silver additives available
Antibacterial effect from Ag+ release

Micro organisms
 CHARACTERISTICS OF NANO FINISHING IN
GARMENTS
1. Nano - processed garments have protective coating, which is water and beverage repellent.

2. Their protective layer is difficult to detect with the naked eye.

3. When a substance is manipulated at sizes of approximately 100 nm, the structure of the processed
clothing becoming more compressed. This makes clothing stain and dirt resistant.

4. Saving time and laundering cost.

5. This technology embraces environmental friendly properties.

6. Nano-materials allows good ventilation and reduces moisture absorption, resulting in enhanced
breathability while maintaining the good hand feel of ordinary material.

7. The crease resistant feature keeps clothing neat

8. Nano processed products are toxic free

9. Garments stay bright, fresh looking and are more durable than ordinary materials.

10. Manufacturing cost is low, adding value to the products.

Applications in Textiles

Due to the advancement of Nano-technology in the manufacturing of

fibers/yarns as well as in the development of fabric finishes, the
applications and scope of nano-technology in the area of textiles are
widespread.
Developments of Nano-technology in Textile
Fabrics
As discussed before,

Nano-TexTM has already developed a process for

fabric finishes to achieve wrinkle-resistant, stain-resistant, anti-static and
sun-block or UV protection properties and are in the process of
developing fabrics with these finishes.

Recently, for dynamic climate control, known as “soft

shells”, for clothing’s and gloves manufacturing that are extremely air-
permeable, light, and water & wind resistant.

A new jacket has been developed with a Nanosphere

finish, which has the moisture management features system has claimed to
manufacture the first personal thermal climate management system for
clothing in the world.
 Italy's Grado Zero Espace has developed a special suit
based on a membrane employing shape memory polymers (SMP), which
is capable of sensing and monitoring changes in the surrounding
environment and even controlling the environment Germany's Franz-
Ziener has introduced ski jackets for developing grime-resistant,
windproof, waterproof, and breathable fabric.

Otsuka Kagaku has developed new electro conductive

fibers to be used for the protection from radiation emitted by electronics.
For the purpose of de-odorizing, Traptek is developed odor-free clothing
using activated carbon;
Nanotech has developed socks containing nanoparticles
of silver; Fuji Spinning's have developed "V-Up" functionalized fibers
for de-odorising the undergraments; and Mitsubishi and Solutia have
developed an antimicrobial and deodorant fiber made from seashells.
 Moreover, Nano-filtration membranes are being used
successfully for the treatment of dye effluents. These grafted membranes are
capable of removing dyes so that the processed water can be recycled and
reused
Strong graphite nanofibers have been developed, which can
support large loads and high pressure at room temperature . A research group
in Belgium is exploring the possibility of developing novel yarns by melt
extruding a range of nano-additives

Recently, investigators at USDA have developed a

technology by which the nanocomposites can be developed by using variety of
types/sources of cellulose, such as grass, kenaf, cotton fiber, cotton plant
material, etc with clays, which is used as the nanofiller material .

Such composites improve the thermal stability of the cellulose

and it could lead to the development of a flame retardant end-products such as
nonwovens, papers, filament fibers, coatings, etc.
Future Directions
There is a significant potential for profitable applications of
Nano-technology in cotton and other textiles.

Several applications of Nano-technology can be extended to

attain the performance enhancement of textile manufacturing
machines & processes.

The textile industry has the biggest customer base in the

world. Therefore, advances in the customer-oriented products should
be the focus for the future nanotechnology applications.
 The future research should be targeted on developing improved
dirt, crease and shrink resistance properties in fabrics, temperature adaptable clothing
and odor-less undergarments.

We envision that by combining the optical fibers, micro mirrors,

functional coatings and electronic textiles customized fabrics can be developed which
can change its color as per the desire of consumer’s taste. Several advances can also
be madetowards the development of strong fibers and fabrics for biomedical and
military applications.
 “BHARATHA BOOMI ,
PAARKELAM THILAGAM”
- MAHAKAVI BHARATHIYAR
OUR COUNTRY WAS A
ORTHODOX AND SELF GENERATED
COUNTRY.
BUT DUE TO THE SEVERAL REASONS
IT GROWTH IS IN DECLINE STATE
NOW.

BY MEANS OF SWOT ANALYSIS IT

WILL BE A GOOD WAY TO GLITTER.

TOWARDS WORKING FOR INDIA

AND THE INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Contd………
WE WILL IMPROVE US AND OUR
NATION.
Contd…
….