This document provides an overview of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networking principles. It discusses the ATM cell structure, connection types, switching methods, adaptation layers, and service classes. The document is intended to help readers understand the basic concepts and components of ATM networks. It consists of 29 pages that define key ATM terms and specifications to thoroughly explain the ATM principle.
This document provides an overview of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networking principles. It discusses the ATM cell structure, connection types, switching methods, adaptation layers, and service classes. The document is intended to help readers understand the basic concepts and components of ATM networks. It consists of 29 pages that define key ATM terms and specifications to thoroughly explain the ATM principle.
This document provides an overview of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networking principles. It discusses the ATM cell structure, connection types, switching methods, adaptation layers, and service classes. The document is intended to help readers understand the basic concepts and components of ATM networks. It consists of 29 pages that define key ATM terms and specifications to thoroughly explain the ATM principle.
This document provides an overview of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networking principles. It discusses the ATM cell structure, connection types, switching methods, adaptation layers, and service classes. The document is intended to help readers understand the basic concepts and components of ATM networks. It consists of 29 pages that define key ATM terms and specifications to thoroughly explain the ATM principle.
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 30
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI Confidential Security Level: Internal Use Only 11.Dec,2006 xxxx ATM Principle ISSUE2.0 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 2 The Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) principle has dominated the telecom network for a long time as a mainstream datacom technology. Nowadays, the IP technology prevails over the telecom network. It is time for us to unveil the ATM principle thoroughly. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 3 Upon the completion of the course, you can: Describe the ATM cell Master the VP switching and the VC switching Master the ATM switching Master the service type of the ATM
Page 5 What Is ATM? ATM is an asynchronous transfer mode with cell as its unit. Asynchronism indicates that the information or cell flow from any user needs not to be periodical.
ATM integrates the advantages of the circuit switching and the packet switching. It carries various information media and communication services in a single backbone network, guarantees QoS, and meets the needs of the real-time service and non-real time service.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 6 Differences Between ATM, Circuit Switching and Packet Switching Circuit Switching Connection oriented Timeslot-oriented switching, line resources monopolization Packet Switching Connectionless oriented Switching packets, sharing line resources ATM : Asynchronous Transfer Mode Connection oriented Packet switching
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 7 Connectionless Network and Connection-Oriented ATM Network Connectionless network Connectionless, segment-by- segment forwarding The packet is too long and of unfixed length. The QoS of the network cannot be guaranteed. Connection-oriented ATM network Connection oriented, forwarding at high speed The cell has a fixed length about 53 bytes The QoS of the network can be guaranteed. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 8 Organizations for Establishing the ATM Standards ITU-T Absorbs itself in standardizing ATM on the public network. Its representative standards include the Q.2931/Q.2971, BISUP, and I.610. ATM Forum Absorbs itself in standardizing ATM on the private network and promoting the ATM products and usage. Its representative standards include the UNI3.1, UNI4.0, ILMI, PNNI, MPOA, VTOA, LANE, and TM4.0. IETF Absorbs itself in standardizing the IP over ATM and solving the bottleneck of traditional routers. Its representative standards include the RFC1483, RFC1577, IP Switch, and MPLS. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 10 ATM Cell Structure GFC Generic flow control (only valid in the UNI interface) VPI/VCI Virtual path identifier/virtual channel identifier PT Payload type CLP Cell lose priority HEC Header error identifier ATM UNI Cell ATM NNI Cell 48-byte load GFC (4) VPI (8) VCI (16) PTI CLP HEC 48-byte load VPI (12) VCI (16) PTI CLP HEC HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 11 The VPI and the VCI are only locally valid. ATM Connection Virtual channel connection Virtual path connection VP switching VC switching VC switching NNI NNI VPI = 2 VCI = 44 VPI = 1 VCI = 40 VPI = 3 VCI = 44 VPI = 4 VCI = 50 UNI UNI A B C D E HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 12 ATM virtual channel connection (VCC) A VP contains VCs. A VCC contains VPs. VC is the logical channel between the ATM nodes. Virtual Channel (VC) Virtual channelVC E3 OC-3 OC-12 Virtual path (VP) Virtual path (VP) The virtual identifier VPI/VCI. VP and VC HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 14 ATM Switching ATM switching P H Y A T M Port 3 P H Y A T M Port 4 Port VPI VCI 3 1 51 4 3 39 ATM layer ATM switching P H Y A T M Port 1 P H Y A T M Port 2 Port VPI VCI 1 2 37 2 1 51 ATM layer P H Y A T M A A L P H Y A T M A A L VPI = 2 VCI = 37 VPI = 3 VCI = 39 NNI UNI UNI HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 15 ATM Connection Modes PVC (permanent virtual channel): The NMS sets up PVCs. Whether any service passes or any terminal device is accessed, the PVCs are always enabled till they are released by NMS. PVCs are just like lease lines in the telephony network. SVC (switching virtual channel)SVCs are set up and released by signaling. They are just like subscriber lines in the telephony network. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 17 Reference Model of ATM Stacks 3 planes: user plane, control plane, and management plane 3 layers: physical layer, ATM layer, and ATM adaptation layer Upper layer Upper layer ATM layer Physical layer Control plane User plane Management plane ATM adaptation layer Layer-management Plane-management HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 18 Functions of the ATM Layers Convergence sublayer Segmentation and reassembly cells AAL Generic traffic control Form and pick up cell headers Interpret the VPI/VCI of cells Multiplex and demultiplex cells ATM layer Decouple the cell rate, form/check the HEC sequence, delimitate cells, adapt/form/ restore the transmission frames. Bit timing, physical media. Voice cells Video cells Data cells Physical layer TC PM SAR CS HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 19 AAL Types and B-ISDN Service Voice, video and circuit emulation service Packet video Data Application ATM service
AAL Type 1 Type 2 Type 3/4 Type 5 ATM layer Physical layer ATM network HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 20 Flow for Processing the ATM Cells Voice, video, data, and images AALATM ATM cell Transmission processing ATM cell ATM cell Frame header and overhead Physical medium processing Frame to be transmitted Physical interface HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 21 AAL ATM PH IP RFC1483 AAL ATM PH Ethernet RFC1483 Data Service on the ATM Network RFC1483B encapsulation RFC1483R encapsulation HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 23 ATM Service Types Constant bit rate (CBR) Constant bit rate service Variable bit rate-real time (rt-VBR) Variable bit rate-real time service VBR-non real time (nrt-VBR) VBR-non real time service Unspecified bit rate (UBR) Unspecified bit rate service Available bit rate (ABR) Available bit rate service HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 25 CBR Service Overhead QoS Traffic parameter Low High Tolerance 1 byte 5-byte header 47-byte payload Cell variation Cell loss PCR Real time video and voice HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 26 VBR Service QoS Traffic parameter Low High Tolerance Cell variation (NRT) Cell variation (RT) PCR SCR MBS Cell loss Packet voice and video HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 27 UBR Service Public WAN QoS Traffic parameter Low High No guaranty of QoS Tolerance Cell loss Cell variation HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 28 ABR Service LAN Overhead . No cell overhead . Uses congestion feedback instead 5-byte header 48-byte payload QoS Traffic parameter Low High PCR MCR Tolerance Cell loss Cell variation HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential
Page 29 Questions What are the functions of each byte in the ATM cell header? How does the ATM switch switches the ATM cells What services can the AAL1 and the AAL5 adapt respectively What packets do the RFC1483B and the RFC1483R protocol encapsulate respectively
